新型回热器结构设计及换热特性研究
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摘要
回热器作为斯特林热机的关键部件,对于太阳能斯特林热机整机性能有着重要影响。为克服传统金属丝网回热器结构存在的填料单一,制造成本较高,工艺复杂问题,采用实用等温分析法,以回热器的长径比、通流面积、填料种类以及孔隙率各项回热器参数为基础,设计了一种新型斯特林热机回热器,该回热器具有轴向压降小,换热性能高,结构稳定,加工制造简单的特点。开展了新型回热器和传统金属丝网回热器的换热性能对比研究,采用振荡条件下的局部热平衡方法研究回热器的传热过程,对比传统金属丝网回热器和新型回热器的温度变化,速度变化以及压力变化。结果表明:在整体孔隙率相同的条件下,新型回热器和传统金属丝网回热器相比,整体启动速率相似,但新型回热器压降减少0.04 MPa,速度出现分段式变化,有利于回热器的换热和结构稳定。因此,新型回热器不但在结构上优于传统金属丝网回热器,在换热特性上也优于传统金属丝网回热器。
As the key component of Stirling engine,the regenerator has an important influence on the performance of solar Stirling engine.Therefore,it is necessary to study its structure and heat transfer characteristics.In order to overcome the problems of packing singleness of traditional wire regenerator,high cost and complex process,a new type of Stirling heat engine regenerator has been designed based on the length-diameter ratio of the regenerator,the flow area,the type of packing and the parameters of the porosity of the regenerator.The regenerator has a low axial pressure drop,high heat transfer performance,stable structure,and simple processing and manufacturing characteristics.The heat transfer performance of the new type regenerator was compared with that of traditional wire mesh regenerator.The local thermal equilibrium method at oscillation was applied to study the heat transfer process of the regenerator,and the temperature,speed and pressure changes were compared for the two regenerators.The results showed that under the condition of the same porosity,new regenerator reduced the pressure drop of 0.04 MPa compared to the traditional wire mesh regenerator though the start speeds were similar.Therefore,the new type regenerator is superior to the traditional metal mesh regenerator not only in structure,but also in heat transfer.
As the key component of Stirling engine,the regenerator has an important influence on the performance of solar Stirling engine.Therefore,it is necessary to study its structure and heat transfer characteristics.In order to overcome the problems of packing singleness of traditional wire regenerator,high cost and complex process,a new type of Stirling heat engine regenerator has been designed based on the length-diameter ratio of the regenerator,the flow area,the type of packing and the parameters of the porosity of the regenerator.The regenerator has a low axial pressure drop,high heat transfer performance,stable structure,and simple processing and manufacturing characteristics.The heat transfer performance of the new type regenerator was compared with that of traditional wire mesh regenerator.The local thermal equilibrium method at oscillation was applied to study the heat transfer process of the regenerator,and the temperature,speed and pressure changes were compared for the two regenerators.The results showed that under the condition of the same porosity,new regenerator reduced the pressure drop of 0.04 MPa compared to the traditional wire mesh regenerator though the start speeds were similar.Therefore,the new type regenerator is superior to the traditional metal mesh regenerator not only in structure,but also in heat transfer.
引文
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[15]钱国柱.热气机原理与设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1987:133-139.QIAN Guo-zhu.Principle and Design of Stirling Engine[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,1987:133-139.(in Chinese)
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[18]郑坤灿,温治,王占胜,等.前沿领域综述——多孔介质强制对流换热研究进展[J].物理学报,2012,61(1):532-542.ZHENG Kun-can,WEN Zhi,WANG Zhan-sheng,et al.Review on convection heat transfer in porous meida[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2012,61(1):532-542.(in Chinese)
[19]李浩,韩启彪,黄修桥,等.基于多孔介质模型下微灌网式过滤器CFD湍流模型选择及流场分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(4):14-19.LI Hao,HAN Qi-biao,HUANG Xiu-qiao,et al.Turbulence model selection and flow field analysis of the micro irrigation screen filter based on porous medium using CFD[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2016,35(4):14-19.(in Chinese)
[2]刘钰,邱利民,王波,等.多段式回热器的斯特林热声发动机CFD仿真[J].低温与超导,2010,38(5):1-5,18.LIU Yu,QIU Li-min,WANG Bo,et al.CFD simulation of a Stirling therm oacoustic engine with multilayer regenerator[J].Cryogenics&Superconductivity,2010,38(5):1-5,18.(in Chinese)
[3]伍堃,吴锋,王仕仙,等.不同填料对丝网回热器性能的影响[J].武汉工程大学学报,2017,39(1):74-77.WU Kun,WU Feng,WANG Shi-xian,et al.Influence of different fillers on heat transfer efficiency of wire mesh regenerator[J].Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology,2017,39(1):74-77.(in Chinese)
[4]张安阔,陈曦,吴亦农,等.脉冲管制冷机混合填充式蓄冷器的实验研究[J].低温工程,2013(2):36-37,41.ZHANG An-kuo,CHEN Xi,WU Yi-nong,et al.Experiment study of multi-mesh fill regenerator for pulse tube cryocooler[J].Cryogenics,2013(2):36-37,41.(in Chinese)
[5]黄小兰,蒋珍华,陈曦,等.斯特林制冷机分层回热器优化设计与实验[J].低温工程,2014(2):14-18.HUANG Xiao-lan,JIANG Zhen-hua,CHEN Xi,et al.Optimization design and experiment study on multi-layer regenerator of Stirling cryocooler[J].Cryogenics,2013(2):36-37,41.(in Chinese)
[6]NAM K,JEONG S.Development of parallel wire regenerator for cryocoolers[J].Cryogenics,2006,46(4):278-287.
[7]阚安康,吴亦农,张安阔,等.新型丙纶纤维填充式回热器单级脉管制冷机性能实验研究[J].红外技术,2017(4):372-377.KAN An-kang,WU Yi-nong,ZHANG An-kuo,et al.Thermal performance analysis of a pulse tube refrigerator with fine polyester fibrous material filled regenerator[J].Infrared Technology,2017(4):372-377.(in Chinese)
[8]王强,陈曦,刘业凤,等.新型径轴向混合填充式回热器轴向导热特性研究[J].低温与超导,2011(5):60-64.WANG Qiang,CHEN Xi,LIU Ye-feng,et al.Study on axial heat conduction properties of novel regenerator with combined radial filling and axial filling[J].Cryogenics and Superconductivity,2011(5):60-64.(in Chinese)
[9]MARTINI W R.Stirling Engine Design Manual[Z].Richland,WA:US Department of Energy,Office of Conservation and Solar Applications,Division of Transportation Energy Conservation,1978:109-112.
[10]MARTINI W R.Validation of published Stirling engine design methods using engine characteristics from the literature[C].Energy to the 21st Century:Proceedings of the Fiffeenth Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference.New York:AIAA,Inc.,1980:2245-2250.
[11]赵耀.太阳能斯特林热气机热交换系统的设计与研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2009:24-30.ZHAO Yao.Design and Study of the Heat Exchanger System for the Solar Stirling Engine[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2009:24-30.(in Chinese)
[12]姜瑞雪.斯特林发动机回热器流动和传热特性研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2014:33-36.JIAN Rui-xue.ResearchonFlowand HeatTransferCharacteristicsofRegeneratorinStirlingEngine[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2014:33-36.(in Chinese)
[13]曾秒.斯特林发动机运行仿真及其回热器性能模拟研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2010:28-30.ZENG Miao.Simulation of Stirling Engine and Study of Performance of Regenerator[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2010:28-30.(in Chinese)
[14]王少恒.网格式回热器的传热特性分析与实验研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2012:24-26.WANG Shao-heng.Investigation and Experimental Research on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of The Mesh Regenerator Matrix[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2012:24-26.(in Chinese)
[15]钱国柱.热气机原理与设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1987:133-139.QIAN Guo-zhu.Principle and Design of Stirling Engine[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,1987:133-139.(in Chinese)
[16]LACHAUD J,SCOGGINS J B,MAGIN T E,et al.A generic local thermal equilibrium model for porous reactive materials submitted to high temperatures[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2017,108:1406-1417.
[17]ALOMAR O R,MENDES M A A,TRIMIS D,et al.Numerical simulation of complete liquid–vapour phase change process inside porous media:A comparison between local thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium models[J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2017,112:222-241.
[18]郑坤灿,温治,王占胜,等.前沿领域综述——多孔介质强制对流换热研究进展[J].物理学报,2012,61(1):532-542.ZHENG Kun-can,WEN Zhi,WANG Zhan-sheng,et al.Review on convection heat transfer in porous meida[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2012,61(1):532-542.(in Chinese)
[19]李浩,韩启彪,黄修桥,等.基于多孔介质模型下微灌网式过滤器CFD湍流模型选择及流场分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(4):14-19.LI Hao,HAN Qi-biao,HUANG Xiu-qiao,et al.Turbulence model selection and flow field analysis of the micro irrigation screen filter based on porous medium using CFD[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2016,35(4):14-19.(in Chinese)