宋代官吏城市风景营建研究——以马光祖知建康府时期营建活动为例
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摘要
中国城市传统风景营建的空间背后蕴含着古代先民对城市山水格局、人居环境的认知和价值取向。在唐宋社会变革背景下,士人社会的兴起以及商贸娱乐型城市空间的形成推动了宋代城市在社会、经济、文化等方面的建设到达高潮,激发了两宋城市形成了制度化、常态化的城市风景营建体系。作为南宋留都的南京,其城市风景营建在马光祖知府时期最为兴盛。相关建设活动反映出马光祖对国家意识的落实以及其对个人精神的追求。本文从"城市基础设施风景化、特殊功能性园林建设、日常生活风景点建设"三个层级对马光祖的风景营建进行阐述,总结其"重民生、促教化、兴风物"的营建思想与途径。
The space of traditional Chinses urban landscape contains the ancient ancestors' cognition and value orientation of urban landscape and living environment. Under the background of social reform in Tang and Song dynasties, the rise of scholar society promoted the formation of commercial entertainment in urban space in Song Dynasty. The construction level of cities in social, economic, cultural and other aspects was in full swing at that time, and inspired the formation of an institutionalized and regularized urban landscape construction system in the Song Dynasty. As the old capital of Southern Song Dynasty, Nanjing's urban landscape was prosperous during Ma Guangzu's tenure as a local officer. The related construction activities reflected the implementation of Ma Guangzu's consciousness about his country and his pursuit of individual spirit. This paper expounds Ma Guangzu's landscape construction from three levels:"the landscape design for the urban infrastructure, the construction of special functional gardens and the construction of daily living scenic spots". In the end, this paper summarized the construction thoughts and methods of Ma, including "emphasizing people's livelihood, promoting education, highlighting aesthetic".
The space of traditional Chinses urban landscape contains the ancient ancestors' cognition and value orientation of urban landscape and living environment. Under the background of social reform in Tang and Song dynasties, the rise of scholar society promoted the formation of commercial entertainment in urban space in Song Dynasty. The construction level of cities in social, economic, cultural and other aspects was in full swing at that time, and inspired the formation of an institutionalized and regularized urban landscape construction system in the Song Dynasty. As the old capital of Southern Song Dynasty, Nanjing's urban landscape was prosperous during Ma Guangzu's tenure as a local officer. The related construction activities reflected the implementation of Ma Guangzu's consciousness about his country and his pursuit of individual spirit. This paper expounds Ma Guangzu's landscape construction from three levels:"the landscape design for the urban infrastructure, the construction of special functional gardens and the construction of daily living scenic spots". In the end, this paper summarized the construction thoughts and methods of Ma, including "emphasizing people's livelihood, promoting education, highlighting aesthetic".
引文
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[2]达婷.传统城镇风景空间环境协同研究[D].北京林业大学,2014.
[3]达婷.明清南昌城历史景观组织研究[J].中国园林, 2017(04):120-124.
[4]陈峰.政治选择与宋代文官士大夫的政治角色——以宋朝治国方略及处理文武关系方面探究为中心[J].河南大学学报(社会科学版), 2007(01):7-13.
[5]林开世.方志的呈现与再现[J].新学史十八卷二期, 2007(06):1-60.
[6]毛华松.礼乐的风景[M].中国建筑工业出版社, 2016.
[7]宁欣.从士人社会到市民社会——以都城社会的考察为中心[J].文史哲, 2009(06):104-110.
[8]吴自牧.梦粱录[M].二十一世纪出版社, 2018.
[9]谷更有.唐宋时期从“村坊制”到“城乡交相生养”[J].思想战线, 2004(06):103-107.
[10]田银生.城市的文化发展力——以北宋东京汴梁的街市为例[J].城市规划, 2007(10):36-39.
[11]陈振.宋史[M].上海人民出版社, 2003.
[12]马光祖撰.景定建康志[M].南京出版社, 2009.
[13]毛华松,廖聪全.宋代郡圃园林特点分析[J].中国园林,2012(04):77-80.
[14]屈婧雅.社会转型视野下的宋代公共园林教化空间研究[D].重庆大学, 2017.