秦岭西段珍稀物种红豆杉的物种多样性特征和生境评价
|
摘要
对秦岭西段小陇山国家级自然保护区国家级珍稀物种红豆杉林的生物多样性及其生境进行了评价。结果表明,红豆杉林乔木层丰富度指数均值为7.25,多样性指数均值为0.58,均匀度均值为0.29。多样性指数灌木层>草本层>乔木层;红豆杉乔木层物种多样性、丰富度指数、均匀度指数均随海拔的升高表现为先升高后降低的单峰变化,而优势度则随着海拔的升高呈J形增加趋势。乔木层物种多样性、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数与林龄的关系表现出与海拔类似的情形;木层的物种多样性、丰富度指数、均匀度指数与土壤肥力指标呈正相关,与总氮、有效氮以及有机质的关系最为密切;优势度则与土壤肥力指标呈负相关;阈值评价显示,红豆杉林生境处于清洁等级,整体的生存环境良好。
The biodiversity and habitat of Taxus chinensis forest, a rare species, were evaluated in Xiaolongshan National Nature Reserve in the western part of Qinling mountains, the results showed that the mean value of richness index was 7.25,and diversity index average value was 0.58, evenness index average value was 0.29, in tree layer of Taxus chinensis communities. The order of diversity index was shrub layer>herbaceous layer>arbor layer. The change of tree species richness index,species diversity index and evenness index, in Taxus chinensis communities, which were all presented obvious single apex with the increasing elevation. However, for species dominance, it was showed that the J type growth trend with altitude. The relationship among species richness index,diversity index,evenness index and species dominance with forest age suggested similar to elevation. The species diversity index, species richness index and evenness index were significantly correlated with soil fertility indices, especially total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and organic matter. The change of species dominance was quite the contrary. The living environment of Taxus chinensis communities is good, and habitat is in clean levels in general,meanwhile, diversity of species quite rich, and living conditions is better.
The biodiversity and habitat of Taxus chinensis forest, a rare species, were evaluated in Xiaolongshan National Nature Reserve in the western part of Qinling mountains, the results showed that the mean value of richness index was 7.25,and diversity index average value was 0.58, evenness index average value was 0.29, in tree layer of Taxus chinensis communities. The order of diversity index was shrub layer>herbaceous layer>arbor layer. The change of tree species richness index,species diversity index and evenness index, in Taxus chinensis communities, which were all presented obvious single apex with the increasing elevation. However, for species dominance, it was showed that the J type growth trend with altitude. The relationship among species richness index,diversity index,evenness index and species dominance with forest age suggested similar to elevation. The species diversity index, species richness index and evenness index were significantly correlated with soil fertility indices, especially total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and organic matter. The change of species dominance was quite the contrary. The living environment of Taxus chinensis communities is good, and habitat is in clean levels in general,meanwhile, diversity of species quite rich, and living conditions is better.
引文
[1]陈杰,郭屹立,卢训令,等.伊洛河流域草本植物群落物种多样性[J].生态学报,2012,32(10):3021-3030.
[2]范玉龙,胡楠,丁圣彦,等.陆地生态系统服务与生物多样性研究进展[J].生态学报,2016,36(15):4583-4593.
[3]高润梅,石晓东,樊兰英,等.山西省南方红豆杉自然分布与群落生态学特征[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(6):1820-1828.
[4] WICKREMESINHE E R M,ARTECA R N.Roots of hydroponically grown Taxus plants as a source of taxol and related taxanes[J].Plant science,1994,101(2):125-135.
[5]常成虎.珍稀濒危植物中国红豆杉种群生态学研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2006.
[6]程堂仁,冯菁,马钦彦,等.甘肃小陇山森林植被碳库及其分配特征[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):33-44.
[7]安定国.甘肃省小陇山高等植物志[M].兰州:甘肃民族出版社,2002.
[8]马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,1995,15(3):268-277.
[9]段敏杰,高清竹,郭亚奇,等.藏北高寒草地植物群落物种多样性沿海拔梯度的分布格局[J].草业科学,2011,28(10):1845-1850.
[10]蔡燕红.杭州湾浮游植物生物多样性研究[D].山东青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.
[11]韩欢欢.黑龙江省安兴湿地藻类植物多样性及其环境相关性初步研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学,2012.
[12]阎海平,谭笑,孙向阳,等.北京西山人工林群落物种多样性的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2001,23(2):321-327.
[13]索安宁,巨天珍,张俊华.甘肃小陇山锐齿栎群落生物多样性特征分析[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1877-1881.
[14]巨天珍,樊振华,杨国科,等.小陇山珍稀濒危植物白皮松群落物种多样性特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(4):117-121.
[15] LIU Q F,KANG M Y,WANG H,et al. Effects of environmental factors on species richness patterns of herb layer in Eastern Zhongtiao Mountain[J].Journal of forestry research,2005,16(3):175-180.
[16] XIE J Y,CHEN L Z. Species diversity characteristics of deciduous forests in the warm temperate zone of north China[J].Acta ecologica sinica,1994,14(4):337-344.
[17] HE J S,CHEN W L. A review of gradient changes in species diversity of land plant communities[J].Acta ecologica sinica,1997,17(1):91-99.
[18]王帅,钱关泽,徐靖.蒙山植物群落的物种多样性及其垂直分布特征[J].贵州农业科学,2011,39(7):42-47.
[19]常云妮,钟全林,程栋梁,等.闽西北地区不同林龄常绿阔叶混交林物种多样性比较[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(6):955-960.
[20] ROBERTSON G P,VITOUSEK P M. Nitrification potentials in primary and secondary succession[J].Ecology,1981,62:376-386.
[21] VITOUSEK P M,MATSON P A,CLEVE K V. Nitrogen availability and nitrification during succession,primary,secondary and old field series[J].Plant and soil,1989,115:229-239.
[22]高贤明,马克平,陈灵芝.暖温带若干落叶阔叶林群落物种多样性及其与群落动态的关系[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(3):283-290.
[23]唐功,杨兴江,杨子松,等.甘肃陇南林区红豆杉濒危原因分析[J].甘肃科技,2010,26(14):158-163.
[24] BU W S,ZANG R G,DING Y. Field observed relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning during secondary succession in a tropical lowland rainforest[J].Acta oecologica,2014,55(2):1-7.
[25] KANTSA A,TSCHEULIN T,JUNKER R R,et al.Urban biodiversity hotspots wait to get discovered:The example of the city of Ioannina,NW Greece[J].Landscape and urban planning,2013,120:129-137.
[26] GIAM X L,BRADSHAW C J A,TAN H T W,et al.Future habitat loss and the conservation of plant biodiversity[J].Biological conservation,2010,143:1594-1602.
[27] HOPPLE A,CRAFT C.Managed disturbance enhances biodiversity of restored wetlands in the agricultural Midwest[J].Ecological engineering,2012,61:505-510.
[2]范玉龙,胡楠,丁圣彦,等.陆地生态系统服务与生物多样性研究进展[J].生态学报,2016,36(15):4583-4593.
[3]高润梅,石晓东,樊兰英,等.山西省南方红豆杉自然分布与群落生态学特征[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(6):1820-1828.
[4] WICKREMESINHE E R M,ARTECA R N.Roots of hydroponically grown Taxus plants as a source of taxol and related taxanes[J].Plant science,1994,101(2):125-135.
[5]常成虎.珍稀濒危植物中国红豆杉种群生态学研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2006.
[6]程堂仁,冯菁,马钦彦,等.甘肃小陇山森林植被碳库及其分配特征[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):33-44.
[7]安定国.甘肃省小陇山高等植物志[M].兰州:甘肃民族出版社,2002.
[8]马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,1995,15(3):268-277.
[9]段敏杰,高清竹,郭亚奇,等.藏北高寒草地植物群落物种多样性沿海拔梯度的分布格局[J].草业科学,2011,28(10):1845-1850.
[10]蔡燕红.杭州湾浮游植物生物多样性研究[D].山东青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.
[11]韩欢欢.黑龙江省安兴湿地藻类植物多样性及其环境相关性初步研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学,2012.
[12]阎海平,谭笑,孙向阳,等.北京西山人工林群落物种多样性的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2001,23(2):321-327.
[13]索安宁,巨天珍,张俊华.甘肃小陇山锐齿栎群落生物多样性特征分析[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1877-1881.
[14]巨天珍,樊振华,杨国科,等.小陇山珍稀濒危植物白皮松群落物种多样性特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(4):117-121.
[15] LIU Q F,KANG M Y,WANG H,et al. Effects of environmental factors on species richness patterns of herb layer in Eastern Zhongtiao Mountain[J].Journal of forestry research,2005,16(3):175-180.
[16] XIE J Y,CHEN L Z. Species diversity characteristics of deciduous forests in the warm temperate zone of north China[J].Acta ecologica sinica,1994,14(4):337-344.
[17] HE J S,CHEN W L. A review of gradient changes in species diversity of land plant communities[J].Acta ecologica sinica,1997,17(1):91-99.
[18]王帅,钱关泽,徐靖.蒙山植物群落的物种多样性及其垂直分布特征[J].贵州农业科学,2011,39(7):42-47.
[19]常云妮,钟全林,程栋梁,等.闽西北地区不同林龄常绿阔叶混交林物种多样性比较[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(6):955-960.
[20] ROBERTSON G P,VITOUSEK P M. Nitrification potentials in primary and secondary succession[J].Ecology,1981,62:376-386.
[21] VITOUSEK P M,MATSON P A,CLEVE K V. Nitrogen availability and nitrification during succession,primary,secondary and old field series[J].Plant and soil,1989,115:229-239.
[22]高贤明,马克平,陈灵芝.暖温带若干落叶阔叶林群落物种多样性及其与群落动态的关系[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(3):283-290.
[23]唐功,杨兴江,杨子松,等.甘肃陇南林区红豆杉濒危原因分析[J].甘肃科技,2010,26(14):158-163.
[24] BU W S,ZANG R G,DING Y. Field observed relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning during secondary succession in a tropical lowland rainforest[J].Acta oecologica,2014,55(2):1-7.
[25] KANTSA A,TSCHEULIN T,JUNKER R R,et al.Urban biodiversity hotspots wait to get discovered:The example of the city of Ioannina,NW Greece[J].Landscape and urban planning,2013,120:129-137.
[26] GIAM X L,BRADSHAW C J A,TAN H T W,et al.Future habitat loss and the conservation of plant biodiversity[J].Biological conservation,2010,143:1594-1602.
[27] HOPPLE A,CRAFT C.Managed disturbance enhances biodiversity of restored wetlands in the agricultural Midwest[J].Ecological engineering,2012,61:505-510.