网球裁判员临场注意力特征及影响因素分析
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摘要
网球比赛中,网球裁判员的判罚是最重要的,要想保证判罚的准确率,减少误判、错判、漏判情况的发生,需要裁判员提高自身的临场注意力;网球裁判一直都是网球比赛的守护神,维护着场上的公平,也默默操持着场下各个环节;网球裁判员是确保网球比赛顺利进行的执法者,而在比赛过程中,网球裁判员的临场注意力直接影响了赛场判罚的准确率,因此,对影响裁判员临场注意力的因素进行仔细的分析,以提高裁判员的临场注意力;指出网球裁判员要明确主裁以及司线员的临场注意力特征,并对判罚过程中的难点进行重点训练,通过多参加比赛,多总结影响裁判员临场注意力的原因而有针对性地进行训练,可克服影响因素。
In the process of tennis match,the referee's decision is the most important. The referee wants to ensure the accuracy of the judgment,reduce the misjudgment and missing of the sentence,this paper puts forward the need for the referee to improve his attention on the spot. Tennis umpire has always been the patron saint of tennis match,maintaining the fairness on the court,and silently controlling all aspects of the court. The tennis umpire is the law enforcer to ensure the smooth progress of the tennis match,and in the course of the match,the tennis referee's attention on the spot directly affects the accuracy of the court decision,therefore,the factors affecting the attention of the referee on the spot should be carefully analyzed in order to improve the judgment and judgment's attention on the spot. The tennis umpire should make clear attention characteristics of the referee and the linesman,and strengthen the key training in the process of judgment and punishment,and sum up the factors that affect the referee's attention in the field through the way of participating in more games,and must have the pertinence to carry on the training,and thus overcome the influence factor.
In the process of tennis match,the referee's decision is the most important. The referee wants to ensure the accuracy of the judgment,reduce the misjudgment and missing of the sentence,this paper puts forward the need for the referee to improve his attention on the spot. Tennis umpire has always been the patron saint of tennis match,maintaining the fairness on the court,and silently controlling all aspects of the court. The tennis umpire is the law enforcer to ensure the smooth progress of the tennis match,and in the course of the match,the tennis referee's attention on the spot directly affects the accuracy of the court decision,therefore,the factors affecting the attention of the referee on the spot should be carefully analyzed in order to improve the judgment and judgment's attention on the spot. The tennis umpire should make clear attention characteristics of the referee and the linesman,and strengthen the key training in the process of judgment and punishment,and sum up the factors that affect the referee's attention in the field through the way of participating in more games,and must have the pertinence to carry on the training,and thus overcome the influence factor.
引文
[1]杨金凤.对网球裁判员临场注意力的研究[J].体育科技文献通报,2015(5):49—50YANG J F. A Study of the Tennis Umpire’s Attention on the Spot[J]. Sports Science and Technology Literature Bulletin,2015(5):49—50(in Chinese)
[2]黄波,刘琳.网球裁判员临场焦虑及心理调控方法探析[J].体育研究与教育,2015(1):117—121HUANG B,LIU L. Analysis of Tennis Umpire’s Anxiety on the Spot and Psychological Adjustment and Control Methods[J]. Sports Research and Education,2015(1):117—121(in Chinese)
[3]朱伟伟,王三保.中国竞技网球发展瓶颈及突破路径选择[J].北京体育大学学报,2016(5):103—108ZHU W W,WANG S B. The Bottleneck of Chinese Competitive Tennis Development and the Choice of Breakthrough Path[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Physical Education,2016(5):103—108(in Chinese)
[4]蒋婷,祁兵.网球正手击球拍头速度与击球落点准确性关系的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2016(6):133—137JIANG T,QI B. Study on the Relationship Between the Speed of Tennis Forehand and the Accuracy of Hitting the Ball[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Physical Education,2016(6):133—137(in Chinese)
[5]王文.我国竞技健美操裁判员选派指标体系的构建与实证研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2016,39(10):108—114WANG W. The Construction and Empirical Study of the Index System of the Referee of the Sports Aerobics in China[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Physical Education,2016,39(10):108—114(in Chinese)
[6]程绍峰.篮球裁判员注意力训练的方法研究[J].青少年体育,2016(1):96—98CHENG S F. Study on the Method of Attention Training for Basketball Referees[J]. Youth Sports,2016(1):96—98(in Chinese)
[7]董取胜,柯勇.运动竞赛中裁判判罚决策的研究述评[J].体育学刊,2017,24:137DONG Q S,KE Y. A Review of the Research on Judgment Decision of Judgment in Sports Competition[J]. Sports Journal,2017,24:137(in Chinese)
[8]赵明楠.网球运动员情绪智力测量及其对运动表现的预测作用[J].西安体育学院学报,2016(1):119—123ZHAO M G. The Measurement of Emotional Intelligence of Tennis Players and Its Prediction of Sports Performance[J]. Journal of Xi’an Institute of Physical Education,2016(1):119—123(in Chinese)
[9]李博,鲍勤,缪律,等.网球运动生物学特征综述[J].中国体育科技,2017(5):69—83LI B,BAO Q,MIU L,et al. A Summary of the Biological Characteristics of Tennis Sports[J]. China Sports Technology,2017(5):69—83(in Chinese)
[10]赵月.中国网球公开赛现场观众注意力经济研究[J].文体用品与科技,2016(13):36—38ZHAO Y. Study on Audience Attention Economy in China Open[J]. Sportswear&Technology,2016(13):36—38(in Chinese)
[11]陈忠超.浅谈影响网球裁判初学者的判罚因素[J].当代体育科技,2015(19):221—221CHEN Z C. On the Factors Affecting the Decision of the Beginners of Tennis Referees[J]. Contemporary Sports Science and Technology,2015(19):221—221(in Chinese)
[12]张素丽.论网球比赛中出现的消极心理及临场解决办法[J].当代体育科技,2015,33:43—43ZHANG S L. On the Negative Psychology in Tennis Match and the Solution to It[J]. Contemporary Sports Science and Technology,2015,33:43—43(in Chinese)
[13]朱昆.浅析网球比赛中运动员的心理调控[J].体育科技文献通报,2015(7):44—44ZHU K. On the Psychological Regulation of the Players in Tennis Match[J]. Sports Science and Technology Literature Bulletin,2015(7):44—44(in Chinese)
[14]于晓东.网球竞赛裁判工作及专业技术指导——评《网球竞赛裁判工作手册》[J].中国教育学刊,2018(4):115—119YU X D. Tennis Competition Referee Work and Professional Technical Guidance-Comment on the Manual of Tennis Competition Referee[J]. Chinese Journal of Education,2018(4):115—119(in Chinese)
[2]黄波,刘琳.网球裁判员临场焦虑及心理调控方法探析[J].体育研究与教育,2015(1):117—121HUANG B,LIU L. Analysis of Tennis Umpire’s Anxiety on the Spot and Psychological Adjustment and Control Methods[J]. Sports Research and Education,2015(1):117—121(in Chinese)
[3]朱伟伟,王三保.中国竞技网球发展瓶颈及突破路径选择[J].北京体育大学学报,2016(5):103—108ZHU W W,WANG S B. The Bottleneck of Chinese Competitive Tennis Development and the Choice of Breakthrough Path[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Physical Education,2016(5):103—108(in Chinese)
[4]蒋婷,祁兵.网球正手击球拍头速度与击球落点准确性关系的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2016(6):133—137JIANG T,QI B. Study on the Relationship Between the Speed of Tennis Forehand and the Accuracy of Hitting the Ball[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Physical Education,2016(6):133—137(in Chinese)
[5]王文.我国竞技健美操裁判员选派指标体系的构建与实证研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2016,39(10):108—114WANG W. The Construction and Empirical Study of the Index System of the Referee of the Sports Aerobics in China[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Physical Education,2016,39(10):108—114(in Chinese)
[6]程绍峰.篮球裁判员注意力训练的方法研究[J].青少年体育,2016(1):96—98CHENG S F. Study on the Method of Attention Training for Basketball Referees[J]. Youth Sports,2016(1):96—98(in Chinese)
[7]董取胜,柯勇.运动竞赛中裁判判罚决策的研究述评[J].体育学刊,2017,24:137DONG Q S,KE Y. A Review of the Research on Judgment Decision of Judgment in Sports Competition[J]. Sports Journal,2017,24:137(in Chinese)
[8]赵明楠.网球运动员情绪智力测量及其对运动表现的预测作用[J].西安体育学院学报,2016(1):119—123ZHAO M G. The Measurement of Emotional Intelligence of Tennis Players and Its Prediction of Sports Performance[J]. Journal of Xi’an Institute of Physical Education,2016(1):119—123(in Chinese)
[9]李博,鲍勤,缪律,等.网球运动生物学特征综述[J].中国体育科技,2017(5):69—83LI B,BAO Q,MIU L,et al. A Summary of the Biological Characteristics of Tennis Sports[J]. China Sports Technology,2017(5):69—83(in Chinese)
[10]赵月.中国网球公开赛现场观众注意力经济研究[J].文体用品与科技,2016(13):36—38ZHAO Y. Study on Audience Attention Economy in China Open[J]. Sportswear&Technology,2016(13):36—38(in Chinese)
[11]陈忠超.浅谈影响网球裁判初学者的判罚因素[J].当代体育科技,2015(19):221—221CHEN Z C. On the Factors Affecting the Decision of the Beginners of Tennis Referees[J]. Contemporary Sports Science and Technology,2015(19):221—221(in Chinese)
[12]张素丽.论网球比赛中出现的消极心理及临场解决办法[J].当代体育科技,2015,33:43—43ZHANG S L. On the Negative Psychology in Tennis Match and the Solution to It[J]. Contemporary Sports Science and Technology,2015,33:43—43(in Chinese)
[13]朱昆.浅析网球比赛中运动员的心理调控[J].体育科技文献通报,2015(7):44—44ZHU K. On the Psychological Regulation of the Players in Tennis Match[J]. Sports Science and Technology Literature Bulletin,2015(7):44—44(in Chinese)
[14]于晓东.网球竞赛裁判工作及专业技术指导——评《网球竞赛裁判工作手册》[J].中国教育学刊,2018(4):115—119YU X D. Tennis Competition Referee Work and Professional Technical Guidance-Comment on the Manual of Tennis Competition Referee[J]. Chinese Journal of Education,2018(4):115—119(in Chinese)