尾座式无人机续航时间估算模型
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摘要
为研究尾座式无人机翼展长、翼根弦长、翼梢弦长、机翼后掠角、小翼翼梢长、小翼展长、小翼高、小翼后掠角、小翼厚度和小翼脚长等10个结构参数对无人机续航时间的影响,利用CATIA和ANSYS建立了尾座式无人机及其外流场的三维实体模型,采用SST k-ω模型在ANSYS CFX中模拟无人机在130种不同结构参数组合下的气动特性,利用方差分析确定气动系数的特征因子为翼展长、后掠角、小翼厚度和小翼脚长,建立了4个特征因子与气动系数的多元回归模型;结合质量系数方程,最终建立了结构参数与续航时间的关系模型,精度达0. 97。采用风洞试验的方法对数值模拟结果进行验证,测量4架样机在巡航状态下的气动系数,相对误差小于14%,数值模拟方法可靠。采用定高定点盘旋的方法进行样机试飞试验,对续航时间模型进行验证,连续记录不同剩余电量时的飞行时间,结果相对误差小于15%,模型可靠。
An agricultural vertical take-off and landing( VTOL) tail-sitter UAV with symmetrical winglets and wings was designed. The main parameters of the tai-sitter,wingspan,wing root,wing slightly,sweep angle,winglet slightly,winglet slightly longer,winglet height,winglet sweep angle,winglet thickness and winglet length were investigated to study the relationship between the structural parameters and the endurance time. The 3 D model of tail-sitter and its outflow field were established with CATIA and ANSYS software. The outflow field of tail-sitter was simulated by using computational fluid dynamics( CFD) software with model under 130 different structural parameter combinations. The feature factors of aerodynamic coefficients and weight coefficients were screened with the analysis of variance. Relationship between characteristic structural parameters and endurance time was established with the accuracy of0. 97. Four models of aircraft were processed by 3 D printing technology for wind tunnel test. The aerodynamic coefficients of the aircrafts in cruise state were measured. The relative error between aerodynamic coefficient numerical simulation and wind tunnel test results was less than 14%. Simulation results were verified by measuring the endurance time in the fixed-point hover of the two produced UAV samples. The result showed that the relative error was less than 15%,and the model can be used to optimize the design of structural parameters for the agricultural VTOL tail-sitter UAV.
An agricultural vertical take-off and landing( VTOL) tail-sitter UAV with symmetrical winglets and wings was designed. The main parameters of the tai-sitter,wingspan,wing root,wing slightly,sweep angle,winglet slightly,winglet slightly longer,winglet height,winglet sweep angle,winglet thickness and winglet length were investigated to study the relationship between the structural parameters and the endurance time. The 3 D model of tail-sitter and its outflow field were established with CATIA and ANSYS software. The outflow field of tail-sitter was simulated by using computational fluid dynamics( CFD) software with model under 130 different structural parameter combinations. The feature factors of aerodynamic coefficients and weight coefficients were screened with the analysis of variance. Relationship between characteristic structural parameters and endurance time was established with the accuracy of0. 97. Four models of aircraft were processed by 3 D printing technology for wind tunnel test. The aerodynamic coefficients of the aircrafts in cruise state were measured. The relative error between aerodynamic coefficient numerical simulation and wind tunnel test results was less than 14%. Simulation results were verified by measuring the endurance time in the fixed-point hover of the two produced UAV samples. The result showed that the relative error was less than 15%,and the model can be used to optimize the design of structural parameters for the agricultural VTOL tail-sitter UAV.
引文
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[2]陈燕.农业遥感应用技术进入快速发展期[J].山东农机化,2015,36(4):8.
[3]罗红霞,曹建华,王玲玲,等.遥感技术在农业田间信息获取中的应用[J].农业机械,2012,54(26):233-236.
[4]陈仲新,任建强,唐华俊,等.农业遥感研究应用进展与展望[J].遥感学报,2016,20(5):748-767.CHEN Zhongxin,REN Jianqiang,TANG Huajun,et al. Progress and perspectives on agricultural remote sensing research and applications in China[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing,2016,20(5):748-767.(in Chinese)
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[7]张立元,牛亚晓,韩文霆,等.大田玉米水分胁迫指数经验模型建立方法[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(5):233-239.ZHANG Liyuan,NIU Yaxiao,HAN Wenting,et al. Establishing method of crop water stress index empirical model of field maize[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(5):233-239. http:∥www. j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180527&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2018. 05. 027.(in Chinese)
[8]牛亚晓,张立元,韩文霆,等.基于无人机遥感与植被指数的冬小麦覆盖度提取方法[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(4):212-221.NIU Yaxiao,ZHANG Liyuan,HAN Wenting,et al. Fractional vegetation cover extraction method of winter wheat based on UAV remote sensing and vegetation index[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(4):212-221. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20180424&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 04. 024.(in Chinese)
[9]韩文霆,张立元,张海鑫,等.基于无人机遥感与面向对象法的田间渠系分布信息提取[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(3):205-214.HAN Wenting,ZHANG Liyuan,ZHANG Haixin,et al. Extraction method of sublateral canal distribution information based on UAV remote sensing[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(3):205-214. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20170326&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017.03. 026.(in Chinese)
[10]韩文霆,李广,苑梦婵,等.基于无人机遥感技术的玉米种植信息提取方法研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):139-147.HAN Wenting,LI Guang,YUAN Mengchan,et al. Extraction method of maize planting information based on UAV remote sensing technology[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(1):139-147. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20170118&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017.01. 018.(in Chinese)
[11]韩文霆,郭聪聪,张立元,等.基于无人机遥感的灌区土地利用与覆被分类方法[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):270-277.HAN Wenting,GUO Congcong,ZHANG Liyuan,et al. Classification method of land cover and irrigated farm land use based on UAV remote sensing in irrigation[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):270-277. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20161137&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 11. 037.(in Chinese)
[12]史舟,梁宗正,杨媛媛,等.农业遥感研究现状与展望[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):247-260.SHI Zhou, LIANG Zongzheng, YANG Yuanyuan, et al. Status and prospect of agricultural remote sensing[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(2):247-260. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20150237&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2015. 02. 037.(in Chinese)
[13]赵春江.农业遥感研究与应用进展[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(12):277-293.ZHAO Chunjiang. Advances of research and application in remote sensing for agriculture[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(12):277-293. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx?file_no=20141241&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2014. 12. 041.(in Chinese)
[14]兰玉彬.精准农业航空技术现状及未来展望[J].农业工程技术,2017,37(30):27-30.
[15]乔红.无人机遥感系统的应用研究综述[J].科学技术创新,2017,21(36):1-2.
[16]刘俊龙.推力换向式垂直起降无人机结构设计研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.LIU Junlong. Research on structural design of thrust reversing vertical landing UAV[D]. Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2017.(in Chinese)
[17]张啸迟,万志强,章异嬴,等.旋翼固定翼复合式垂直起降飞行器概念设计研究[J].航空学报,2016,37(1):179-192.ZHANG Xiaochi,WAN Zhiqiang,ZHANG Yiying,et al. Conceptual design of rotary wing and fixed wing compound VTOL aircraft[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2016,37(1):179-192.(in Chinese)
[18]王冠林,武哲.垂直起降技术及其在无人机上的应用[J].飞航导弹,2006,36(6):20-25.
[19] SAEED A S,YOUNES A B,ISLAM S,et al. A review on the platform design,dynamic modeling and control of hybrid UAVs[M]. New York:IEEE,2015:806-815.
[20] CETINSOY E,HANCER C,ONER K T,et al. Aerodynamic design and characterization of a quad tilt-wing UAV via wind tunnel tests[J]. Journal of Aerospace Engineering,2012,25(4):574-587.
[21] WANG K L,KE Y J,CHEN B M. Autonomous reconfigurable hybrid tail-sitter UAV U-Lion[J]. Science China-Information Sciences,2017,60(3):1-16.
[22] VERLING S,WEIBEL B,BOOSFELD M,et al. Full attitude control of a VTOL tailsitter UAV[M]. New York:IEEE,2016:3006-3012.
[23] WANG B,HOU Z X,GUO Z,et al. Space range estimate for battery-powered vertical take-off and landing aircraft[J].Journal of Central South University,2015,22(9):3338-3346.
[24] HOCHSTENBACH M,NOTTEBOOM C,THEYS B,et al. Design and control of an unmanned aerial vehicle for autonomous parcel delivery with transition from vertical take-off to forward flight[J]. International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles,2015,7(4):395-405.
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