宁夏贺兰山地区狗獾夏季食性研究
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摘要
利用粪便分析法对宁夏贺兰山地区狗獾的夏季食性进行了研究。采集狗獾活动范围内的粪样,运用频率法和生物量比法对数据进行处理,得到狗獾夏季的食性组成和比例。结果显示,狗獾属杂食性广食者,其夏季食物组成共有10种6大类,从出现频率来看,食物组成主要是昆虫(38. 22%)、果实(13. 78%)、蚯蚓(12. 89%)、昆虫幼虫(12. 00%)等,从生物量比来看,食物组成主要是蚯蚓(61. 83%)、果实(29. 42%)、昆虫(4. 05%)、昆虫幼虫(3. 15%)等,两种结果都显示蚯蚓在狗獾的夏季食谱中占据重要位置。根据粪样分析结果,计算出其夏季食性的Shannon-Wiener指数H'为1. 077,均匀性指数E为0. 468,标准Levins生态位宽度指数Bs ta为0. 131。在与张广才岭地区的狗獾夏季食性组成的对比中发现,两者存在一定差异,但差异不显著(P=0. 965)。
We studied the summer feeding habits of badger in the Helan Mountains,Ningxia,China by fecal analysis. Fecal samples were collected in the range of activities of badger,and data were processed by frequency method and biomass ratio method to obtain the diet composition and proportions of food items consumed by badger in summer. Badgers were omnivorous,with 10 kinds of food representing six major categories. By occurrence frequency of food,the diet mainly contained insects( 38. 22%), fruit( 13. 78%), earthworm( 12. 89%), and insect larvae( 12. 00%). By biomass,the diet was mainly earthworm( 61. 83%),fruits( 29. 42%),insects( 4. 05%),and insect larvae( 3. 15%). Both results show that earthworms were important in the badger's summer diet. Based on these results we calculated the Shannon-wiener index H',evenness index E,and standard Levins niche width index Bs ta,as 1. 077,0. 468 and 0. 131,respectively. Summer dietary composition of badger in the Helan Mountains of Ningxia Hui Autonomouse Region( central-western China) was similar to that of badger in the Zhangguangcai Mountain area of Heilongjiang Province( northeast China).
We studied the summer feeding habits of badger in the Helan Mountains,Ningxia,China by fecal analysis. Fecal samples were collected in the range of activities of badger,and data were processed by frequency method and biomass ratio method to obtain the diet composition and proportions of food items consumed by badger in summer. Badgers were omnivorous,with 10 kinds of food representing six major categories. By occurrence frequency of food,the diet mainly contained insects( 38. 22%), fruit( 13. 78%), earthworm( 12. 89%), and insect larvae( 12. 00%). By biomass,the diet was mainly earthworm( 61. 83%),fruits( 29. 42%),insects( 4. 05%),and insect larvae( 3. 15%). Both results show that earthworms were important in the badger's summer diet. Based on these results we calculated the Shannon-wiener index H',evenness index E,and standard Levins niche width index Bs ta,as 1. 077,0. 468 and 0. 131,respectively. Summer dietary composition of badger in the Helan Mountains of Ningxia Hui Autonomouse Region( central-western China) was similar to that of badger in the Zhangguangcai Mountain area of Heilongjiang Province( northeast China).
引文
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[2]杨花,高昂,巩江,等.獾油的药学研究概况[J].宁夏农林科技,2011,52(4):61-62.
[3]殷宝法,魏万红,刘宇庆,等.狗獾的栖息地选择初探[C]//野生动物生态与资源保护第四届全国学术研讨会论文摘要集,2007:9.
[4]李峰,罗振华,李春林,等.古北界狗獾食性的生物地理模式:狗獾是蚯蚓专食者吗?[J].科学通报,2013,58(16):1565-1572.
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[6]MURDOCH J D,BUYANDDELGER S.An account of badger diet in an arid steppe region of Mongolia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2010,74(10):1348-1350.
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[8]陈耕.张广才岭狗獾食性的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[9]郑敬刚,张景光.试论贺兰山植物多样性的若干特点[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(4):526-530.
[10]朱宗元,梁存柱,李志刚.贺兰山植物志[M].银川:阳光出版社,2011.
[11]王新谱,杨贵军.宁夏贺兰山昆虫[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2010.
[12]蔡邦华.昆虫分类学[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.
[13]刘广全,王鸿喆.西北农牧交错带常见植物图谱[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[14]梁存柱,朱宗元,李志刚.贺兰山植被[M].银川:阳光出版社,2012.
[15]LOCKIE J D.The food of the pine marten Martes martes in West Ross-shire,Scotland[J].Journal of Zoology,1961,136(2):187-195.
[16]GOSZCZYN'SKI J,JEDRZEJEWSKA B,JEDRZEJEWSKI W.Diet composition of badgers(Meles meles)in a pristine forest and rural habitats of Poland compared to other European populations[J].Journal of Zoology,2000,250(4):495-505.
[17]KRUUK H.Dispersion of badgers Meles meles(L.1758)and their resources:a summary[J].Lutra,1986,29:12-15.
[18]PIGOZZI G.The diet of the European badger in a Mediterranean coastal area[J].Acta Theriol Ogica,1991,36(3/4):293-306.
[19]KANEKO Y,MARUYAMA N,MACDONALD D W.Food habits and habitat selection of suburban badgers(Meles meles)in Japan[J].Journal of Zoology,2006,270(1):78-89.
[20]GARCIA V B,KITTLEIN M J.Diet,habitat use,and relative abundance of pampas fox(Pseudalopex gymnocercus)in northern Patagonia,Argentina[J].Mammalian Biology,2005,70(4):218-226.
[21]马世来,马晓峰,石文英.中国兽类踪迹指南[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2001.
[22]张洪海.粪便分析法测定食肉动物食性的评价[M]//中国动物科学研究---中国动物学会第十四届会员代表大会及中国动物学会65周年年会论文集.北京:中国林业出版社,1999:654-657.
[23]JETHVA B D,JHALA Y V.Foraging ecology,economics and conservation of indian wolves in the Bhal region of Gujarat,Western India[J].Biological Conservation,2004,116(3):351-357.
[24]马勇.贺兰山赤狐食性的季节性变化[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.
[25]WILSON D E,REEDER D M.Mammal species of the world:a taxonomic and geographic Reference[M].3rd edn.Smithsonian Institution Press,Washington D.C.and London,2005:365-400.
目前研究一般将狗獾分为欧洲狗獾和亚洲狗獾两个种[25],本研究认为宁夏贺兰山地区的狗獾属于亚洲狗獾。
[2]杨花,高昂,巩江,等.獾油的药学研究概况[J].宁夏农林科技,2011,52(4):61-62.
[3]殷宝法,魏万红,刘宇庆,等.狗獾的栖息地选择初探[C]//野生动物生态与资源保护第四届全国学术研讨会论文摘要集,2007:9.
[4]李峰,罗振华,李春林,等.古北界狗獾食性的生物地理模式:狗獾是蚯蚓专食者吗?[J].科学通报,2013,58(16):1565-1572.
[5]叶晓堤,马勇,王润海,等.欧亚大陆狗獾食性的研究概述[J].动物学杂志,2000,35(2):43-50.
[6]MURDOCH J D,BUYANDDELGER S.An account of badger diet in an arid steppe region of Mongolia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2010,74(10):1348-1350.
[7]BALESTRIERI A,REMONTI L,PRIGIONI C.Diet of the Eurasian badger(Meles meles)in an agricultural riverine habitat(NW Italy)[J].Hystrix,the Italian Journal of Mammalogy,2004,15(2):3-12.
[8]陈耕.张广才岭狗獾食性的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[9]郑敬刚,张景光.试论贺兰山植物多样性的若干特点[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(4):526-530.
[10]朱宗元,梁存柱,李志刚.贺兰山植物志[M].银川:阳光出版社,2011.
[11]王新谱,杨贵军.宁夏贺兰山昆虫[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2010.
[12]蔡邦华.昆虫分类学[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.
[13]刘广全,王鸿喆.西北农牧交错带常见植物图谱[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[14]梁存柱,朱宗元,李志刚.贺兰山植被[M].银川:阳光出版社,2012.
[15]LOCKIE J D.The food of the pine marten Martes martes in West Ross-shire,Scotland[J].Journal of Zoology,1961,136(2):187-195.
[16]GOSZCZYN'SKI J,JEDRZEJEWSKA B,JEDRZEJEWSKI W.Diet composition of badgers(Meles meles)in a pristine forest and rural habitats of Poland compared to other European populations[J].Journal of Zoology,2000,250(4):495-505.
[17]KRUUK H.Dispersion of badgers Meles meles(L.1758)and their resources:a summary[J].Lutra,1986,29:12-15.
[18]PIGOZZI G.The diet of the European badger in a Mediterranean coastal area[J].Acta Theriol Ogica,1991,36(3/4):293-306.
[19]KANEKO Y,MARUYAMA N,MACDONALD D W.Food habits and habitat selection of suburban badgers(Meles meles)in Japan[J].Journal of Zoology,2006,270(1):78-89.
[20]GARCIA V B,KITTLEIN M J.Diet,habitat use,and relative abundance of pampas fox(Pseudalopex gymnocercus)in northern Patagonia,Argentina[J].Mammalian Biology,2005,70(4):218-226.
[21]马世来,马晓峰,石文英.中国兽类踪迹指南[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2001.
[22]张洪海.粪便分析法测定食肉动物食性的评价[M]//中国动物科学研究---中国动物学会第十四届会员代表大会及中国动物学会65周年年会论文集.北京:中国林业出版社,1999:654-657.
[23]JETHVA B D,JHALA Y V.Foraging ecology,economics and conservation of indian wolves in the Bhal region of Gujarat,Western India[J].Biological Conservation,2004,116(3):351-357.
[24]马勇.贺兰山赤狐食性的季节性变化[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.
[25]WILSON D E,REEDER D M.Mammal species of the world:a taxonomic and geographic Reference[M].3rd edn.Smithsonian Institution Press,Washington D.C.and London,2005:365-400.
目前研究一般将狗獾分为欧洲狗獾和亚洲狗獾两个种[25],本研究认为宁夏贺兰山地区的狗獾属于亚洲狗獾。