固定源排污许可证监测管理制度研究
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摘要
依靠排污许可证管理,固定源执行由行业排放标准为主正逐步过渡到"国家行业排放标准——单一源排放标准"双层排放标准,并以执行更全面和精准的单一源排放标准为主,对应的监测要求及考核方式更加多样化。对监测管理制度进行设计,明确固定源制定自行监测方案和守法监测的主体责任,厘清许可证核发部门、属地监测、执法部门的监管职责。系统设计"固定源制定并提交自行监测方案-核发部门审核-方案纳入排污许可证中成为规定-依规定自行监测和记录-固定源提交执行报告-监管部门审计式审核-执法监测和执法检查"的全过程管理机制,设计标准化的监管计划程序落实证后监管与执法监测,明晰监管部门的有限责任。
Relying on the stationary operating permits management,the emission standards implemented by stationary sources are gradually transitioning from industrial emission standards to the " case-by-case" standard established for single stationary source.In the permit,implementation of more comprehensive and accurate " case-by-case " standard have become mainstream. The corresponding monitoring requirements and assessment methods are more diversified. Designing a monitoring and management system based on the management of stationary operating permits,the regulatory responsibilities of the issuing department and local monitoring and law enforcement agencies was clarified by identifying main responsibilities of self-monitoring and compliance monitoring by sources. It was designed the mechanism of "formulate and submit self-monitoring programs-audits by the department-plans become permit regulations-self-monitoring and recording-submission of execution reports-law enforcement monitoring and enforcement inspections"and the standardized supervisory planning process,making the emission monitoring more operability and regulatory.
Relying on the stationary operating permits management,the emission standards implemented by stationary sources are gradually transitioning from industrial emission standards to the " case-by-case" standard established for single stationary source.In the permit,implementation of more comprehensive and accurate " case-by-case " standard have become mainstream. The corresponding monitoring requirements and assessment methods are more diversified. Designing a monitoring and management system based on the management of stationary operating permits,the regulatory responsibilities of the issuing department and local monitoring and law enforcement agencies was clarified by identifying main responsibilities of self-monitoring and compliance monitoring by sources. It was designed the mechanism of "formulate and submit self-monitoring programs-audits by the department-plans become permit regulations-self-monitoring and recording-submission of execution reports-law enforcement monitoring and enforcement inspections"and the standardized supervisory planning process,making the emission monitoring more operability and regulatory.
引文
[1]钱文涛.中国大气固定源排污许可证制度设计研究[D].北京:中国人民大学环境学院,2013:54,121.
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[8]宋国君,赵英煚.美国空气固定源排污许可证中关于监测的规定及启示[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(6):15-21.SONG Guojun,ZHAO Yingjiong.The Monitoring Requirements on the Stationary Sources within Operating Permits in USA and It’s Implications to China[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(6):15-21.
[9]宋国君,赵英煚,黄新皓.论我国污染源监测管理的改革[J].环境保护,2015(20):36-39.SONG Guojun,ZHAO Yingjiong,HUANG Xinhao.Discussion on Reformation for Monitoring and Control of Pollution Sources in China[J].Environmental Protection,2015(20):36-39.
[10]赵英煚.固定源排放标准管理制度研究[D].北京:中国人民大学环境学院,2017:144-146.
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[15]EPA.Principles of Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Handbook[M].U.S:2009:56.
[16]汪红梅,贺尊.2007年诺贝尔经济学奖得主学术贡献述评——信息与激励:看得见的机制设计[J].当代经济,2008(3):4-6.WANG Hongmei,HE Zun.Commentary on Academic Contribution of Nobel Laureates in Economics 2007:Information and Motivation:Visible Mechanism Design[J].Contemporary Economics,2008(3):4-6.
[2]宋国君.排污许可证,怎么做才专业?[J].环境经济,2015(ZA):4-6.SONG Guojun.Emission Permits,How to Do It Professional?[J].Environmental Economy,2015(ZA):4-6.
[3]李莉娜,唐桂刚,万婷婷,等.我国企业排污状况自行监测的现状、问题及对策[J].环境工程,2014(5):86-94.LI Li'na,TANG Guigang,WAN Tingting,et al.The Current Situation,Problems and Countermeasures of Enterprises Pollution Self-Monitoring in China[J].Environmental Engineering,2014(5):86-94.
[4]许晶,周军.湖南省污染源监测现状分析及对策研究[J].湖南有色金属,2007,23(3):54-57.XU Jing,ZHOU Jun.Study on the Current Situation of Pollution Source Monitoring in Hunan Province[J].Hunan Nonferrous Metals,2007,23(3):54-57.
[5]袁怡.如何管好国控重点污染源自动监控系统——以四川省为例[J].环境保护,2013,41(9):56-57.YUAN Yi.How to Manage the CEMS of the Enterprises Subject to Intensive Monitoring and Control of the State Taking Sichuan Province as an Example[J].Environmental Protection,2013,41(9):56-57.
[6]陈斌.企业自行监测及信息公开制度设计——基于《国家重点监控企业自行监测及信息公开办法(试行)》[J].环境保护,2013,41(17):16-18.CHEN Bin.Design of Enterprise Auto-Monitoring and Information Disclosure System Based on"Automonitoring and Information Disclosure of State Key Monitoring Enterprises(Trial Implementation)"[J].Environmental Protection,2013,41(17):16-18.
[7]王军霞,陈敏敏,唐桂刚,等.我国污染源监测制度改革探讨[J].环境保护,2014,42(21):24-27.WANG Junxia,CHEN Minmin,TANG Guigang,et al.Discussion on the Reform of Pollution Source Monitoring System in China[J].Environmental Protection,2014,42(21):24-27.
[8]宋国君,赵英煚.美国空气固定源排污许可证中关于监测的规定及启示[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(6):15-21.SONG Guojun,ZHAO Yingjiong.The Monitoring Requirements on the Stationary Sources within Operating Permits in USA and It’s Implications to China[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(6):15-21.
[9]宋国君,赵英煚,黄新皓.论我国污染源监测管理的改革[J].环境保护,2015(20):36-39.SONG Guojun,ZHAO Yingjiong,HUANG Xinhao.Discussion on Reformation for Monitoring and Control of Pollution Sources in China[J].Environmental Protection,2015(20):36-39.
[10]赵英煚.固定源排放标准管理制度研究[D].北京:中国人民大学环境学院,2017:144-146.
[11]曹红艳.环保部将实行排污许可“一证式”管理[EB/OL].(2015-12-05)[2018-03-02].http://env.people.com.cn/n/2015/1205/c1010-27892712.html.
[12]POPPER K R.The Poverty of Historicism.2ded[M].London:Routledge and Kegan Paul,1957:56.
[13]魏姝.政治学中的新制度主义[J].南京大学学报.2002(1):67-69.WEI Shu.Neoinstitutionalism in Political Science[J].Journal of Nanjing University,2002(1):67-69.
[14]姚洋.制度与效率:与诺斯对话[M].成都:四川人民出版社,2002:78-116.
[15]EPA.Principles of Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Handbook[M].U.S:2009:56.
[16]汪红梅,贺尊.2007年诺贝尔经济学奖得主学术贡献述评——信息与激励:看得见的机制设计[J].当代经济,2008(3):4-6.WANG Hongmei,HE Zun.Commentary on Academic Contribution of Nobel Laureates in Economics 2007:Information and Motivation:Visible Mechanism Design[J].Contemporary Economics,2008(3):4-6.