景观评价研究进展
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摘要
文章回顾了景观评价发展过程,阐述了景观评价四大学派的理论基础、基本理论、评价方法和模式及优缺点。同时,依据评价侧重点的不同,将3大类型的评价方法特色总结为:一是侧重于对"景"的研究评价,称为详细描述法或专家法;二是侧重于"观"的研究评价,称为公众偏好法或居民参与法;三是"景"、"观"两者并重,称为量化综合法。从国家政策支持、理论引进与创新及国内评价实例等方面梳理了国内景观评价的探索历程。
The theoretical basis, evaluation methods and advantages and disadvantages of four main theoretical schools were discussed in this paper based on a conclusion of development of landscape evaluation. At the same time, according to the evaluation of the different emphasis, the characteristics of 3 types of evaluation methods were concluded as follows: type 1 focused on the evaluation of the "scenery", called a detailed description method or expert method; type 2 focused on the research of " feel", called the public preference or participation of residents; type 3 focused on "scenery" and "feel", called comprehensive quantitative method. From the aspects of national policy support, theoretical introduction and innovation, and domestic evaluation examples, this paper combined the exploration course of domestic landscape evaluation, and provided a reference for the establishment of landscape evaluation system and evaluation practice for the future.
The theoretical basis, evaluation methods and advantages and disadvantages of four main theoretical schools were discussed in this paper based on a conclusion of development of landscape evaluation. At the same time, according to the evaluation of the different emphasis, the characteristics of 3 types of evaluation methods were concluded as follows: type 1 focused on the evaluation of the "scenery", called a detailed description method or expert method; type 2 focused on the research of " feel", called the public preference or participation of residents; type 3 focused on "scenery" and "feel", called comprehensive quantitative method. From the aspects of national policy support, theoretical introduction and innovation, and domestic evaluation examples, this paper combined the exploration course of domestic landscape evaluation, and provided a reference for the establishment of landscape evaluation system and evaluation practice for the future.
引文
[1]The National Environmental Policy Act[EB/OL](1970-02-01)https://ceq.doe.gov/laws-regulations/laws.html.
[2]宋立民.城市景观评价方法与应用[J].设计,2013(9):164-165.
[3]USDI.Bureau of Land Management,Visual Resource Management[M].Washington:US Government Printing Office,1976.
[4]汤小敏,王祥荣.景观视觉环境评价:概念、起源与发展[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学报),2007,25(3):173-179.
[5]SWANWICK C.Landscape Character Assessment:Guidance for England and Scotland[R].Cheltenham,The Countryside Agency,2002.
[6]WASCHER D M.European Landscape Character Areas—Typologies,Cartography and Indicators for the Assessment of Sustainable Landscapes.Final ELCAI Project Report[R].Wageningen,Landscape Europe,2005:160.
[7]CHRISTNE TUDOR.An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment[M].Natural England,2014.
[8]张哲,潘会堂.园林植物景观评价研究进展[J].浙江农林大学学报,2011,28(6):926-967.
[9]小林圭介,名迫素代,森本幸裕.Evaluation of natural landscape and environment on the basis of vegetation in Otsu City,Japan[J].Vegetation Science,1998,15(2):125-138.
[10]OTERO P I,Casermeiro Martínez M A,Ezquerra C A,et al.Landscape evaluation:comparison of evaluation methods in a region of Spain[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007,85(1):204-214.
[11]ANTONIO MIGUEL MARTINEZ-GRA?A,Jose Luis Goy,Caridad Zazo.Cartographic-Environmental Analysis of the Landscape in Natural Protected Parks for His Management Using GIS.Application to the Natural Parks of the“Las Batuecas-Sierra de Francia”and“Quilamas”(Central System,Spain)[J/OL].Scientific Research,2013,5(1):54-68.http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2013.51006.
[12]?ukasz Sarnowski,Zbigniew Podgórski,Dariusz Bryka?a.Planning a greenway based on an evaluation of visual landscape attractiveness[J].Moravian Geographical Reports,2016,24(3):55-66.
[13]Martínez F L,Morales A P,Guirado S G.In landscape management all of us have something to say.A holistic method for landscape Preservability evaluation in a Mediterranean region[J].Land Use Policy,2016,51:172-183.
[14]陈宇.景观评价方法研究[J].室内设计与装修,2005(3):12-15.
[15]黄建,王碧琴.多种评价方法在景观评价中的综合应用[J].江西科学,2006,24(4):151-153.
[16]袁烽.都市景观评价方法研究[J].城市规划汇刊,1999(6):46-49;57.
[17]朱畅中.自然风景区的规划建设与风景保护[J].城市规划,1982(1):34-40.
[18]陈从周.钟情山水知己泉石——漫谈风景名胜区建设管理[J].城市规划,1985(5):28-30.
[19]陈有民.论中国的风景类型[J].北京林学院学报,1982(2):17-20.
[20]陈有民.中国自然风景区域的划分[J].北京林学院学报,1982(2):21-34.
[21]孙筱祥.中国风景名胜区[J].北京林学院学报,1982(2):12-16.
[22]谢凝高.我国风景名胜区类型[C]//中国圆明园学会.圆明园学刊第三期,北京:中国圆明园学会,1984.
[23]俞孔坚.论景观概念及其研究的发展[J].北京林业大学学报,1987,9(4):433-439.
[24]Z`拉维,A`S`莱伯曼.李团胜,译.景观及景观生态学的定义[J].地理译报,1988(2):28-31.
[25]俞孔坚.自然风景景观评价方法[J].中国园林,1986(3):38-40.
[26]俞孔坚.自然风景质量评价研究——BIB-LCJ审美评判测量法[J].北京林业大学学报,1988,10(2):1-11.
[27]布朗T C,丹尼尔T C,叶德敏.林分风景美的预测技术[J].华东森林经理,1987(1-2):47-52;50-54.
[28]赵德海.风景林美学评价方法的研究[J].南京林业大学学报,1990,14(4):50-55.
[29]王晓俊.森林风景美的心理物理学评价方法[J].世界林业研究,1995,8(6):8-15.
[30]但新球.森林景观资源美学价值评价指标体系的研究[J].中南林业调查规划,1995(3):44-48.
[31]宋立民.把脉中国特色景观评价[J].设计,2015(7):29-31.
[32]李春阳,周晓峰.帽儿山森林景观质量评价[J].东北林业大学学报,1991,19(6):91-95.
[33]秦华,陈福寿,马向东.旺苍县鼓城山森林公园景观评价[J].西南农业大学学报,1993(6):527-530.
[34]陈鑫峰,王雁.国内森林景观的定量评价和经营技术研究现状[J].世界林业研究,2000,13(5):31-38.
[35]陈鑫峰,王雁.森林美剖析——主论森林植物的形式美[J].林业科学,2001,37(2):122-130.
[36]陈鑫峰,嘉黎明.京西山区森林林内景观评价研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(4):59-66.
[37]唐东芹,杨学军,许东新.园林植物景观评价方法及其应用[J].浙江林学院学报,2001,18(4):394-397.
[38]鲍梓婷,周剑云.香港景观特征评估(LCA)的实践与经验[J].中国园林,2015,31(9):100-104.
[39]宋立民,鲁苗,路怡斐.清华大学校园景观评价[J].设计,2016(1):33-36.
[40]陈凯,洪昕晨,林洲瑜,等.基于GST法与AHP法的森林公园康复性景观评价指标体系构建[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(1):118-126.
[41]汪光胜,储雪梅,梁勤,等.基于数码影像的林木景观美学价值评价[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(12):157-159;162.
[42]杨洋.基于层次分析法的绿道景观评价模型的构建与应用[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[43]翁殊斐,朱锦心,苏志尧,等.岭南地区滨水绿地植物景观质量评价[J].林业科学,2017,53(1):20-27.
[44]王瑞兰.广州市住宅区园林植物景观评价[J].广东林业科技,2006,22(3):64-68.
[45]蔡丽丽,徐程扬.遥感技术在风景林景观质量评价中的应用研究进展[J].林业科学,2014,50(9):145-151.
[46]赵中建.基于航空模型和航拍技术的景观评价系统分析[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(社会科学版),2014,15(1):94-99.
[2]宋立民.城市景观评价方法与应用[J].设计,2013(9):164-165.
[3]USDI.Bureau of Land Management,Visual Resource Management[M].Washington:US Government Printing Office,1976.
[4]汤小敏,王祥荣.景观视觉环境评价:概念、起源与发展[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学报),2007,25(3):173-179.
[5]SWANWICK C.Landscape Character Assessment:Guidance for England and Scotland[R].Cheltenham,The Countryside Agency,2002.
[6]WASCHER D M.European Landscape Character Areas—Typologies,Cartography and Indicators for the Assessment of Sustainable Landscapes.Final ELCAI Project Report[R].Wageningen,Landscape Europe,2005:160.
[7]CHRISTNE TUDOR.An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment[M].Natural England,2014.
[8]张哲,潘会堂.园林植物景观评价研究进展[J].浙江农林大学学报,2011,28(6):926-967.
[9]小林圭介,名迫素代,森本幸裕.Evaluation of natural landscape and environment on the basis of vegetation in Otsu City,Japan[J].Vegetation Science,1998,15(2):125-138.
[10]OTERO P I,Casermeiro Martínez M A,Ezquerra C A,et al.Landscape evaluation:comparison of evaluation methods in a region of Spain[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007,85(1):204-214.
[11]ANTONIO MIGUEL MARTINEZ-GRA?A,Jose Luis Goy,Caridad Zazo.Cartographic-Environmental Analysis of the Landscape in Natural Protected Parks for His Management Using GIS.Application to the Natural Parks of the“Las Batuecas-Sierra de Francia”and“Quilamas”(Central System,Spain)[J/OL].Scientific Research,2013,5(1):54-68.http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2013.51006.
[12]?ukasz Sarnowski,Zbigniew Podgórski,Dariusz Bryka?a.Planning a greenway based on an evaluation of visual landscape attractiveness[J].Moravian Geographical Reports,2016,24(3):55-66.
[13]Martínez F L,Morales A P,Guirado S G.In landscape management all of us have something to say.A holistic method for landscape Preservability evaluation in a Mediterranean region[J].Land Use Policy,2016,51:172-183.
[14]陈宇.景观评价方法研究[J].室内设计与装修,2005(3):12-15.
[15]黄建,王碧琴.多种评价方法在景观评价中的综合应用[J].江西科学,2006,24(4):151-153.
[16]袁烽.都市景观评价方法研究[J].城市规划汇刊,1999(6):46-49;57.
[17]朱畅中.自然风景区的规划建设与风景保护[J].城市规划,1982(1):34-40.
[18]陈从周.钟情山水知己泉石——漫谈风景名胜区建设管理[J].城市规划,1985(5):28-30.
[19]陈有民.论中国的风景类型[J].北京林学院学报,1982(2):17-20.
[20]陈有民.中国自然风景区域的划分[J].北京林学院学报,1982(2):21-34.
[21]孙筱祥.中国风景名胜区[J].北京林学院学报,1982(2):12-16.
[22]谢凝高.我国风景名胜区类型[C]//中国圆明园学会.圆明园学刊第三期,北京:中国圆明园学会,1984.
[23]俞孔坚.论景观概念及其研究的发展[J].北京林业大学学报,1987,9(4):433-439.
[24]Z`拉维,A`S`莱伯曼.李团胜,译.景观及景观生态学的定义[J].地理译报,1988(2):28-31.
[25]俞孔坚.自然风景景观评价方法[J].中国园林,1986(3):38-40.
[26]俞孔坚.自然风景质量评价研究——BIB-LCJ审美评判测量法[J].北京林业大学学报,1988,10(2):1-11.
[27]布朗T C,丹尼尔T C,叶德敏.林分风景美的预测技术[J].华东森林经理,1987(1-2):47-52;50-54.
[28]赵德海.风景林美学评价方法的研究[J].南京林业大学学报,1990,14(4):50-55.
[29]王晓俊.森林风景美的心理物理学评价方法[J].世界林业研究,1995,8(6):8-15.
[30]但新球.森林景观资源美学价值评价指标体系的研究[J].中南林业调查规划,1995(3):44-48.
[31]宋立民.把脉中国特色景观评价[J].设计,2015(7):29-31.
[32]李春阳,周晓峰.帽儿山森林景观质量评价[J].东北林业大学学报,1991,19(6):91-95.
[33]秦华,陈福寿,马向东.旺苍县鼓城山森林公园景观评价[J].西南农业大学学报,1993(6):527-530.
[34]陈鑫峰,王雁.国内森林景观的定量评价和经营技术研究现状[J].世界林业研究,2000,13(5):31-38.
[35]陈鑫峰,王雁.森林美剖析——主论森林植物的形式美[J].林业科学,2001,37(2):122-130.
[36]陈鑫峰,嘉黎明.京西山区森林林内景观评价研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(4):59-66.
[37]唐东芹,杨学军,许东新.园林植物景观评价方法及其应用[J].浙江林学院学报,2001,18(4):394-397.
[38]鲍梓婷,周剑云.香港景观特征评估(LCA)的实践与经验[J].中国园林,2015,31(9):100-104.
[39]宋立民,鲁苗,路怡斐.清华大学校园景观评价[J].设计,2016(1):33-36.
[40]陈凯,洪昕晨,林洲瑜,等.基于GST法与AHP法的森林公园康复性景观评价指标体系构建[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(1):118-126.
[41]汪光胜,储雪梅,梁勤,等.基于数码影像的林木景观美学价值评价[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(12):157-159;162.
[42]杨洋.基于层次分析法的绿道景观评价模型的构建与应用[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[43]翁殊斐,朱锦心,苏志尧,等.岭南地区滨水绿地植物景观质量评价[J].林业科学,2017,53(1):20-27.
[44]王瑞兰.广州市住宅区园林植物景观评价[J].广东林业科技,2006,22(3):64-68.
[45]蔡丽丽,徐程扬.遥感技术在风景林景观质量评价中的应用研究进展[J].林业科学,2014,50(9):145-151.
[46]赵中建.基于航空模型和航拍技术的景观评价系统分析[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(社会科学版),2014,15(1):94-99.