生物炭对荒漠土壤的改良作用研究
|
摘要
荒漠土壤具有肥力较低、保水性能差的特点,而生物炭孔隙疏松、比表面积大、稳定性高难分解,常被作为改良农田土壤的材料,可能对荒漠土壤同样具有改良效果。本文选用400℃的谷壳生物炭和锯末生物炭,设置不同的生物炭施用量,采用实验室恒温培养,研究60 d后不同处理下的荒漠土壤肥力和保水能力。实验证明,添加两种生物炭的荒漠土壤肥力均有提升。其中,添加谷壳生物炭的荒漠土壤pH值随施用量的增加降低,而添加锯末生物炭的荒漠土壤pH值随施用量的增加升高;添加两种生物炭荒漠土壤的有机碳、有效P含量均呈正相关变化,其中8%谷壳生物炭表现最好,分别为4.508%、30.74 mg·kg~(-1);保水率随生物炭施入量增加而增加。因此认为,生物炭对提高土壤肥力,增强土壤保水能力有积极作用。
The desert soil has the characteristics of low fertility,low water retention,and the biochar porosity,which is larger than the surface area,and the stability of the soil,is often used as a material to improve the soil of the farmland,and it may have a modified effect on the desert soil. this article chooses 400 ℃ chaff biochar and sawdust biochar,set different biochar seems to use laboratory thermostatic cultivation,research under different processing after 60 d desert soil fertility and water retention. the desert soil fertility with two biochar was improved. In this case,the desert soil of the husk of the husk of the husks and the amount of the pH of the desert soil is lowered,and the desert soil of the sawdust is increased by the increase in the amount of the water in the desert soil; The content of organic carbon and effective P in desert soil with two kinds of biochar was positively correlated,among which 8% was the best,4.508% and 30.74 mg · kg~(-1) respectively. The water retention rate increased with the increase of biochar application. Therefore,biochar has positive effects on improving soil fertility and enhancing soil water conservation capacity.
The desert soil has the characteristics of low fertility,low water retention,and the biochar porosity,which is larger than the surface area,and the stability of the soil,is often used as a material to improve the soil of the farmland,and it may have a modified effect on the desert soil. this article chooses 400 ℃ chaff biochar and sawdust biochar,set different biochar seems to use laboratory thermostatic cultivation,research under different processing after 60 d desert soil fertility and water retention. the desert soil fertility with two biochar was improved. In this case,the desert soil of the husk of the husk of the husks and the amount of the pH of the desert soil is lowered,and the desert soil of the sawdust is increased by the increase in the amount of the water in the desert soil; The content of organic carbon and effective P in desert soil with two kinds of biochar was positively correlated,among which 8% was the best,4.508% and 30.74 mg · kg~(-1) respectively. The water retention rate increased with the increase of biochar application. Therefore,biochar has positive effects on improving soil fertility and enhancing soil water conservation capacity.
引文
[1]张钛仁,张玉峰,柴秀梅,等.人类活动对我国西北地区沙质荒漠化影响与对策研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):228-234.
[2]徐驰,姜琦刚,李远华,等.呼伦贝尔地区土地荒漠化动态变化[J].世界地质,2010,29(1):160-167.
[3]Zimmerman A R.Abiotic and microbial oxidation of laboratory-produced black carbon(biochar)[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2010,44(4):1295.
[4]Gaskin J W,Steiner C,Harris K,et al.Effect of low-temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use[J].Transactions of the Asabe,2008,51(6):2061-2069.
[5]Yao F X,Arbestain M C,Virgel S,et al.Simulated geochemical weathering of a mineral ash-rich biochar in a modified Soxhlet reactor[J].Chemosphere,2010,80(7)724-732.
[6]张峥嵘.生物炭改良土壤物理性质的初步研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[7]Karhu K,Mattila T,Bergstr?m I,et al.Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity - Results from a short-term pilot field study[J].Agriculture Ecosystems& Environment,2011,140(1-2):309-313.
[8]Laird D A,Fleming P,Davis D D,et al.Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3):443-449.
[9]Piccolo A,Pietramellara G,Mbagwu J S C.Effect of coal derived humic substances on water retention and structural stability of Mediterranean soils[J].Soil Use & Management,2010,12(4):209-213.
[10]Zhang Jun,Chen Qun,You Changfu.Biochar effect on water evaporation and hydraulic conductivity in sandy soil[J].Pedosphere,2016,26(2):265-272.
[11]侯建伟.沙蒿生物炭特性及沙地封存效应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016.
[12] Van Zwieten L,Kimber S,Morris S,et al.Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J].Plant Soil,2010,327:235-246.
[13]张晗芝.生物炭对土壤肥力、作物生长及养分吸收的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[14]Johannes Lehmann,John Gaunt,Marco Rondon.Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial eco-systems-a review[J].Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2006,11(2):395-419.
[15] Dempster D N,Gleeson D B,Solaiman Z M,et al.Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with eucalyptus biochar addition to a coarse textured soil[J].Plant and Soil,2012,354(1/2):311-324.
[16]张富仓,康绍忠.BP保水剂及其对土壤与作物的效应[J].农业工程学报,1999(2):80-84.
[17]谢伯承,薛绪掌,王纪华,等.保水剂对土壤持水性状的影响[J].水土保持通报,2003(6):44-46.
[18]肖瑞瑞,陈雪莉,周志杰,等.温度对生物质热解产物有机结构的影响[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(4):491-496.
[19]周志红,李心清,邢英,等.生物炭对土壤氮素淋失的抑制作用[J].地球与环境,2011,39(2):278-284.
[2]徐驰,姜琦刚,李远华,等.呼伦贝尔地区土地荒漠化动态变化[J].世界地质,2010,29(1):160-167.
[3]Zimmerman A R.Abiotic and microbial oxidation of laboratory-produced black carbon(biochar)[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2010,44(4):1295.
[4]Gaskin J W,Steiner C,Harris K,et al.Effect of low-temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use[J].Transactions of the Asabe,2008,51(6):2061-2069.
[5]Yao F X,Arbestain M C,Virgel S,et al.Simulated geochemical weathering of a mineral ash-rich biochar in a modified Soxhlet reactor[J].Chemosphere,2010,80(7)724-732.
[6]张峥嵘.生物炭改良土壤物理性质的初步研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[7]Karhu K,Mattila T,Bergstr?m I,et al.Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity - Results from a short-term pilot field study[J].Agriculture Ecosystems& Environment,2011,140(1-2):309-313.
[8]Laird D A,Fleming P,Davis D D,et al.Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3):443-449.
[9]Piccolo A,Pietramellara G,Mbagwu J S C.Effect of coal derived humic substances on water retention and structural stability of Mediterranean soils[J].Soil Use & Management,2010,12(4):209-213.
[10]Zhang Jun,Chen Qun,You Changfu.Biochar effect on water evaporation and hydraulic conductivity in sandy soil[J].Pedosphere,2016,26(2):265-272.
[11]侯建伟.沙蒿生物炭特性及沙地封存效应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016.
[12] Van Zwieten L,Kimber S,Morris S,et al.Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J].Plant Soil,2010,327:235-246.
[13]张晗芝.生物炭对土壤肥力、作物生长及养分吸收的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[14]Johannes Lehmann,John Gaunt,Marco Rondon.Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial eco-systems-a review[J].Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2006,11(2):395-419.
[15] Dempster D N,Gleeson D B,Solaiman Z M,et al.Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with eucalyptus biochar addition to a coarse textured soil[J].Plant and Soil,2012,354(1/2):311-324.
[16]张富仓,康绍忠.BP保水剂及其对土壤与作物的效应[J].农业工程学报,1999(2):80-84.
[17]谢伯承,薛绪掌,王纪华,等.保水剂对土壤持水性状的影响[J].水土保持通报,2003(6):44-46.
[18]肖瑞瑞,陈雪莉,周志杰,等.温度对生物质热解产物有机结构的影响[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(4):491-496.
[19]周志红,李心清,邢英,等.生物炭对土壤氮素淋失的抑制作用[J].地球与环境,2011,39(2):278-284.