北极安全与新《国家安全法》视角下中国国家安全利益
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摘要
全球气候变化正在改变北极地区的自然形态,随之而来的是区域地缘政治格局发生重大转变,北极国家纷纷加强本国的军事力量和军事部署,地区呈现军事竞争态势。新《国家安全法》阐明了中国在极地等新疆域的利益诉求,据此,本文界定了中国在北极地区存在着的五种安全利益,分别是地缘战略和军事安全利益、航道安全利益、资产和人员安全利益、气候和环境安全利益、资源和能源安全利益。为实现我国在北极的国家安全利益目标,本文从表明我国参与北极基本理念和价值观、布局国内外军事力量、增强我国在北极的活动能力和提升我国北极综合治理能力四个维度,提出我国在北极的战略政策和行动建议,为国家制定北极安全战略提供思路。
The global climate change is transforming the natural landscape of the North Pole,followed by significant transformations of the regional geopolitical situation,where Arctic countries are strengthening their military power and deployment,making the region intense in military competition. The New National Security Law expounds China 's interests in new territories like the Arctic areas. Based on that,this paper defines China's security interests in this region from five aspects,namely,interest in geostrategy and military security,channel security,asset and personnel security,climate and environment security as well as resources and energy security. To realize China's national security interests in the Arctic region,this paper proposes strategic policies and recommendes course of actions from the points of manifestation of China's fundamental philosophy and values in its engagement in this region,deployment of military power home and overseas,enhancement of China's capacity for activities and improvement of China's comprehensive governance capacity in this region,so as to provide ideas for the country to formulate strategies on North Pole security.
The global climate change is transforming the natural landscape of the North Pole,followed by significant transformations of the regional geopolitical situation,where Arctic countries are strengthening their military power and deployment,making the region intense in military competition. The New National Security Law expounds China 's interests in new territories like the Arctic areas. Based on that,this paper defines China's security interests in this region from five aspects,namely,interest in geostrategy and military security,channel security,asset and personnel security,climate and environment security as well as resources and energy security. To realize China's national security interests in the Arctic region,this paper proposes strategic policies and recommendes course of actions from the points of manifestation of China's fundamental philosophy and values in its engagement in this region,deployment of military power home and overseas,enhancement of China's capacity for activities and improvement of China's comprehensive governance capacity in this region,so as to provide ideas for the country to formulate strategies on North Pole security.
引文
[1]北极问题研究编写组.北极问题研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2011.
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[5]Tamnes R,Offerdal K.Geopolitics and Security in the Arctic:Regional dynamics in a global world[M].New York:Routledge,2014.
[6]马建光,孙迁杰.俄罗斯海洋战略嬗变及其对地缘政治的影响探析---基于新旧两版《俄联邦海洋学说》的对比[J].太平洋学报,2015(11):20-30.
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[28]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所.我国首个海外陆地卫星接收站投入试运行[OL].中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所,http://www.radi.ac.cn/dtxw/rdxw/201612/t20161215_4722293.html,2016-12-15.
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[30]孙凯,郭培清.北极治理机制变迁及中国的参与战略研究[J].世界经济与政治论坛,2012(2):118-128
[31]Linda Jakobson,Jingchao Peng.China’s Arctic aspiration[OL].瑞典斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所,https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/PP/SIPRIPP34.pdf,2017-04-04.
[32]Gisela Grieger.China’s Arctic policy:How China aligns rights and interests[OL].European Parliamentary Research Service,http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI(2018)620231,2018-04-24.
[33]外交部.汪洋出席第四届国际北极论坛[OL].外交部,http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/zyxw/t1450248.shtml,2017-09-10.
[34]赵宁宁.中国北极治理话语权:现实挑战与提升路径[J].社会主义研究,2018,2:133-140.
[35]章成,顾兴斌.论中国对北极事务的参与:法律依据、现实条件和利益需求[J].理论月刊,2017(4):103-107.
[36]李振福.丝绸之路-北极航线战略研究[M].大连:大连海事大学出版社,2016.
[37]肖洋.地缘科技学与国家安全:中国北极科考的战略深意[J].国际安全研究,2015(6):106-131.
[38]中国海洋在线.吴军:我们为什么要去极地?[OL].中国海洋在线,http://www.oceanol.com/redian/shiping/2016-03-06/57126.html,2016-03-06.
[39]阮建平.北极治理变革与中国的参与选择---基于“利益攸关者”理念的思考[J].人民论坛·学术前沿,2017(19):52-61.
[2]何奇松.气候变化与北极地缘政治博弈[J].外交评论,2010,27(5):113-122
[3]陆俊元.北极地缘政治与中国应对[M].北京:时事出版社,2010.
[4]张文木.21世纪气候变化与中国国家安全[J].太平洋学报,2016,24(12):51-63.
[5]Tamnes R,Offerdal K.Geopolitics and Security in the Arctic:Regional dynamics in a global world[M].New York:Routledge,2014.
[6]马建光,孙迁杰.俄罗斯海洋战略嬗变及其对地缘政治的影响探析---基于新旧两版《俄联邦海洋学说》的对比[J].太平洋学报,2015(11):20-30.
[7]Ronald O’Rourke.Changes in the Arctic:Background and issues for congress[OL].https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41153.Pdf,2017-05-16.
[8]谢尔盖﹒康斯坦丁诺维奇﹒奥兹诺比谢夫.北极国家的军事活动[C].//俄罗斯国际事务委员会.北极地区国际合作问题(第一卷).北京:世界知识出版社,2016.
[9]Siemon T.Wezeman.Military capabilities in the Arctic:A new cold war in the High North?[OL].瑞典斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所,https://www.sipri.org/.../Military-capabilities-in-the-Arctic.pdf,2017-02-17.
[10]王传兴.北极地区安全维度变化与北极地区议题安全化[J].国际安全研究,2013(3):101-115.
[11]EICKEN H,MAHONEY A,JONES J,et al.The potential contribution of sustained,integrated observations to Arctic maritime domain awareness and common operational picture development in a hybrid research-operational setting[C].Fairbanks(Alaska):Arctic Observing Summit,2016:1-16.
[12]郭学堂.中国需从全球战略高度看待极地地区问题[J].社会观察,2008:65-65
[13]丁煌.极地国家政策研究报告.2014-2015[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[14]陆俊元,张侠.中国北极权益与政策研究[M].北京:时事出版社,2016
[15]贺鉴,刘磊.总体国家安全观视角中的北极通道安全[J].国际安全研究,2015(6):132-150.
[16]维亚切斯拉夫﹒弗谢沃洛多维奇﹒卡尔卢索夫.中国全球化下的北极维度[C].俄罗斯国际事务委员会.北极地区国际合作问题(第一卷).北京:世界知识出版社,2016.
[17]Elizabeth Wishnick.China’s Interests and Goals in the Arctic Implications for the United States[R].Newport,Rhode Island:Strategic Studies Institute and U.S.Army War College Press,2017.
[18]Caitlin Campbell.China and the Arctic:Objectives and obstacles[R].Washington,DC:U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission,2012.
[19]外交部副部长张明出席第三届北极圈论坛大会并发表主旨演讲[OL].外交部,http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/wjbxw_673019/t1306849.shtml,2015-10-17.
[20]杨剑.亚洲国家与北极未来[M].北京:时事出版社,2015.
[21]《中国的北极政策》白皮书[OL].国务院新闻办公室,http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/32832/Document/1618203/1618203.htm,2018-01-26.
[22]Heather A Conley.[OL].美国国际战略研究中心,https://www.csis.org/analysis/chinas-arctic-dream,2018-01-26.
[23]邓贝西,张侠.试析北极安全态势发展与安全机制构建[J].太平洋学报,2016,24(12):42-50.
[24]北京晚报.我国首个国际空间探测计划进入倒计时[OL].北京晚报,http://www.cas.cn/xw/cmsm/200307/t20030706_2692947.shtml,2003-07-06.
[25]国家海洋局极地考察办公室.中国北极黄河站[OL].国家海洋局极地考察办公室,http://www.polar.gov.cn/station Detail/?id=442,2017-06-10.
[26]新华社.中国与冰岛在冰岛第二大城市建立极光联合观测台[OL].中央人民政府网,http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2013-10/10/content_2503565.htm,2013-10-10.
[27]中国卫星导航定位应用管理中心.中国北极黄河站“北斗系统”基准站开通运行[OL].中国卫星导航定位应用管理中心网,http://www.chinabeidou.gov.cn/xinwen/635.html,2016-09-02.
[28]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所.我国首个海外陆地卫星接收站投入试运行[OL].中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所,http://www.radi.ac.cn/dtxw/rdxw/201612/t20161215_4722293.html,2016-12-15.
[29]俄罗斯卫星通讯社.芬兰将助中国征服北极[OL].俄罗斯卫星通讯社,http://sputniknews.cn/opinion/201704-041022256551/,2017-04-04.
[30]孙凯,郭培清.北极治理机制变迁及中国的参与战略研究[J].世界经济与政治论坛,2012(2):118-128
[31]Linda Jakobson,Jingchao Peng.China’s Arctic aspiration[OL].瑞典斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所,https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/PP/SIPRIPP34.pdf,2017-04-04.
[32]Gisela Grieger.China’s Arctic policy:How China aligns rights and interests[OL].European Parliamentary Research Service,http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI(2018)620231,2018-04-24.
[33]外交部.汪洋出席第四届国际北极论坛[OL].外交部,http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/zyxw/t1450248.shtml,2017-09-10.
[34]赵宁宁.中国北极治理话语权:现实挑战与提升路径[J].社会主义研究,2018,2:133-140.
[35]章成,顾兴斌.论中国对北极事务的参与:法律依据、现实条件和利益需求[J].理论月刊,2017(4):103-107.
[36]李振福.丝绸之路-北极航线战略研究[M].大连:大连海事大学出版社,2016.
[37]肖洋.地缘科技学与国家安全:中国北极科考的战略深意[J].国际安全研究,2015(6):106-131.
[38]中国海洋在线.吴军:我们为什么要去极地?[OL].中国海洋在线,http://www.oceanol.com/redian/shiping/2016-03-06/57126.html,2016-03-06.
[39]阮建平.北极治理变革与中国的参与选择---基于“利益攸关者”理念的思考[J].人民论坛·学术前沿,2017(19):52-61.