中国国家森林公园时空演变特征及其影响因素分析
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摘要
基于国家森林公园的政策演变和发展历程,选取1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年6个时间节点,采用基尼系数、标准差椭圆、核密度估计、探索性空间数据分析、叠置分析、矩阵分析、皮氏积矩相关系数等方法研究其空间分布特征与影响机理。结果表明:(1)我国国家森林公园的发展经历了萌芽探索、快速成长、规范建设、转型发展、生态开发和全面提升6个阶段。(2)空间分布格局数量上与"胡焕庸线"高度吻合,维持"东南密、西北疏"的特征;面积上,规模较大和较小的国家森林公园呈现集中分布,中等规模的则散布于全国。(3)国家森林公园空间态势呈现不均衡性,但不均衡性程度逐渐减弱,分布范围逐渐扩大,重心向西偏移并趋于稳定。(4)影响机理上,水热气候条件是其演变的基础动力,森林资源是直接动力,人口数量和经济水平在两者的基础上又推动了其进一步演进。国家森林公园的面积受自然条件的影响大,数量则受社会条件和政策条件影响更大。在此基础上,提出了因国家治理方式造就的点状地理事物的发展建议。
Based on the policy evolution and development process of the national forest park,this paper selected 6 time nodes: 1990,1995,2000,2005,2010 and 2015,using Gink coefficient,SDE,KDE,ESDA and PPCC methods to study its spatial distribution characteristics and influence mechanism. The results showed that:(1)The development of National Forest Park had experienced 6 stages: Germination exploration,rapid growth,standard construction,transformation development,ecological development and comprehensive development.(2)The spatial distribution pattern of the number was consistent with the"Hu Huanyong line ",maintaining the characteristics of"the south-east more than the northwest",the large-scale and small-scale National Forest Parks were concentration while others were random distribution.(3)The spatial distribution was uneven but its degree was gradually weakening,the distribution range was gradually expanded,the center of gravity was shifted westward and tends to stable.(4)The mechanism of the influence was that the hydrothermal climate was the basic motive as force of its evolution,the forest resource was the direct motive force,the number of population and the economic level promoted sits further evolution,the area of the National Forest Parks was mainly influenced by natural factors while the number was mainly influenced by the policy.
Based on the policy evolution and development process of the national forest park,this paper selected 6 time nodes: 1990,1995,2000,2005,2010 and 2015,using Gink coefficient,SDE,KDE,ESDA and PPCC methods to study its spatial distribution characteristics and influence mechanism. The results showed that:(1)The development of National Forest Park had experienced 6 stages: Germination exploration,rapid growth,standard construction,transformation development,ecological development and comprehensive development.(2)The spatial distribution pattern of the number was consistent with the"Hu Huanyong line ",maintaining the characteristics of"the south-east more than the northwest",the large-scale and small-scale National Forest Parks were concentration while others were random distribution.(3)The spatial distribution was uneven but its degree was gradually weakening,the distribution range was gradually expanded,the center of gravity was shifted westward and tends to stable.(4)The mechanism of the influence was that the hydrothermal climate was the basic motive as force of its evolution,the forest resource was the direct motive force,the number of population and the economic level promoted sits further evolution,the area of the National Forest Parks was mainly influenced by natural factors while the number was mainly influenced by the policy.
引文
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[20]罗芬,保继刚.中国国家森林公园演变历程与特点研究——基于国家、市场和社会的逻辑[J].经济地理,2013,33(3)∶164-169.
[21]赵敏燕,陈鑫峰.中国森林公园的发展与管理[J].林业科学,2016,52(1)∶118-127.
[2]吴楚材.张家界国家森林公园研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1991∶1-20.
[3]禹云裘,刘登稼.湖南省的生态失调和解决的途径[J].农业技术经济,1982,(3)∶14,43-48.
[4]卢琦,刘荷芬,赖郑华.河南省森林旅游业发展规划[J].地域研究与开发,1994,(1)∶35-38,46,64.
[5]李周,孙若梅.中国自然保护区和国家森林公园对环境与社会的影响[J].生态经济,1996,(6)∶9-14.
[6]戴广翠,高岚,艾运胜.对森林游憩价值经济评估的研究[J].林业工作参考,1998,(3)∶62-71.
[7]张海霞,赵振斌.基于行为与态度的生态旅游市场构成研究——以太白山国家森林公园为例[J].旅游学刊,2005,(5)∶34-38.
[8]黎洁,井悦玲.我国生态旅游者的激励因素与市场细分研究:以陕西太白山国家森林公园为例[J].预测,2005,(5)∶38-43.
[9]汪君,蒋志荣,车克均.冶力关国家森林公园旅游环境承载力分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,(1)∶125-128.
[10]刘静艳,韦玉春,刘春媚,等.南岭国家森林公园旅游企业主导的社区参与模式研究[J].旅游学刊,2008,(6)∶80-86.
[11]俞晖.我国森林公园发展中若干问题的探讨[J].林业资源管理,2001,(4)∶40-42.
[12]汪朝辉,吴楚材,成凤明.张家界国家森林公园生态安全管理模式探析[J].经济地理,2009,29(9)∶1580-1584.
[13]程希平,陈鑫峰,叶文,等.日本森林体验的发展及启示[J].世界林业研究,2015,28(2)∶75-80.
[14]陈飞平,廖为明.基于问卷调查法的森林声景观评价研究[J].生态经济,2011,(1)∶160-161.
[15]罗芬,王怀,李穗菡.生态文化解说可视化的研究——基于森林生态文化视角[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(12)∶102
[16]潘竟虎.中国国家森林公园空间可达性测度[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(9)∶1180-1187.
[17]杨丽婷,刘大均,赵越,等.长江中游城市群森林公园空间分布格局及可达性评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(8)∶1228-1237.
[18]李东瑾,毕华.中国国家森林公园旅游景区空间结构研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(S1)∶274-277.
[19]刘国明,杨效忠,林艳,等.中国国家森林公园的空间集聚特征与规律分析[J].生态经济,2010,(2)∶131-134.
[20]罗芬,保继刚.中国国家森林公园演变历程与特点研究——基于国家、市场和社会的逻辑[J].经济地理,2013,33(3)∶164-169.
[21]赵敏燕,陈鑫峰.中国森林公园的发展与管理[J].林业科学,2016,52(1)∶118-127.