等应力比路径下堆石料双屈服面弹塑性模型研究
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摘要
已有研究及实测资料表明,土石坝内堆石料在填筑期应力路径接近等应力比关系,且这种关系并不因材料混杂、施工分期复杂而发生本质性改变。应力路径较大程度上影响了堆石料的受力变形特性,以往按室内常规三轴试验路径建立的本构模型及标定的参数直接推广至实际坝体路径的计算可能存在较大的误差。通过分析糯扎渡、水布垭及三板溪等堆石料等应力比三轴试验应力-应变曲线特点,认为体积应力-体积应变(p-v)及偏应力与广义剪应变(q-s)曲线具有幂函数规律。以常规南水双屈服面模型(沈珠江模型)为基础,将等应力比应力-应变规律引入模型中,在p-q平面内推导适合等应力比应力路径的双屈服面弹塑性模型,通过对试样在等应力比三轴试验中塑性应变增量方向的分析,探讨适合等应力比路径变形特性的f1屈服面的合理形态。以糯扎渡水电站主堆料等应力比三轴试验为例确定模型参数标定方法,且对模型适应性进行初步分析。
The measured data from soil stressometer located in dam and achievements of previous researchers both showed that the stress path of rockfill during filling period is close to constant stress ratio state.This rule will not change because of the complicate material partition and construction stages.The stress path influences the deformation properties of rockfill in greater degree.The constitutive models and corresponding parameters obtained under the conventional triaxial experiments path may not play its role correctly for the real dam stress path.From the characters of stress-strain of Nuozhadu,Shuibuya and Sanbanxi rockfill materials,the v p-.and s q-.curves can be fitted with power function.Based on the Nanshui elastoplastic model with double yield surface(Shenzhujiang model),an elastoplastic model with double yield surfaces in the p-q plane was established,which is suitable for constant stress ratio path.According to the direction of plastic strain increment,the reasonable shape of yield surface about 1 f under constant stress ratio path is investigated.Finally,taking the Nuozhadu dam main rockfill for case study,the model parameters are determined and the applicability of the model is analyzed primarily.
The measured data from soil stressometer located in dam and achievements of previous researchers both showed that the stress path of rockfill during filling period is close to constant stress ratio state.This rule will not change because of the complicate material partition and construction stages.The stress path influences the deformation properties of rockfill in greater degree.The constitutive models and corresponding parameters obtained under the conventional triaxial experiments path may not play its role correctly for the real dam stress path.From the characters of stress-strain of Nuozhadu,Shuibuya and Sanbanxi rockfill materials,the v p-.and s q-.curves can be fitted with power function.Based on the Nanshui elastoplastic model with double yield surface(Shenzhujiang model),an elastoplastic model with double yield surfaces in the p-q plane was established,which is suitable for constant stress ratio path.According to the direction of plastic strain increment,the reasonable shape of yield surface about 1 f under constant stress ratio path is investigated.Finally,taking the Nuozhadu dam main rockfill for case study,the model parameters are determined and the applicability of the model is analyzed primarily.
引文
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[2]DUNCAN J M,BYRNE P,WONG K,et al.Strength,stress-strainand bulk modulus parameters for finite element analysis of stressesand movements in soil masses[R].Berkeley:University of California,1980.
[3]沈珠江.理论土力学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000:53–54.(SHEN Zhujiang.Theoretical soil mechanics[M].Beijing:ChinaWater Power Press,2000:53–54.(in Chinese))
[4]刘祖德,陆士强,杨天林,等.应力路径对填土应力–应变关系的影响及其应用[J].岩土工程学报,1982,4(4):45–51.(LIU Zude,LU Shiqiang,YANG Tianlin,et al.The influence of stress path on thestress-strain behavior of earthfills and its application[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,1982,4(4):45–51.(in Chinese))
[5]张林洪,刘荣佩,谢婉丽.等应力比路径条件下堆石料的应力–应变特性[J].大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(4):46–49.(ZHANGLinhong,LIU Rongpei,XIE Wanli.Properties of stress and strain ofrockfill under the path of equal stress ratio[J].Dam Observation andGeotechnical Tests,2001,25(4):46–49.(in Chinese))
[6]张如林.模拟大坝实际应力路径下堆石本构模型关系研究[硕士学位论文][D].大连:大连理工大学,2008.(ZHANG Rulin.Study onconstitutive relationship of rockfill under simulating actual stress pathof dam[M.S.Thesis][D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
[7]刘祖德.土石坝变形计算的若干问题[J].岩土工程学报,1983,5(1):1–13.(LIU Zude.Some problems about the calculation ofdeformation of earth-rock dams[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,1983,5(1):1–13.(in Chinese))
[8]CHARLES J A.The use of one-dimentional compression tests andelastic theory in predicting deformations of rockfill embankment[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1976,13(3):189–200.
[9]沈珠江.土石坝应力变形分析中的若干问题[J].水利发电学报,1985,(2):10–19.(SHEN Zhujiang.Some considerations on stress-strain analysis of earth and rockfill dams[J].Journal of HydroelectricEngineering,1985,(2):10–19.(in Chinese))
[10]国电大渡河瀑布沟水电站建设分公司.四川省大渡河瀑布沟水电站枢纽工程首台机组启动阶段验收监测专题报告[R].成都:国电大渡河瀑布沟水电站建设分公司,2009.(Dadu River PubugouHydropower Construction Company.Acceptance monitoring reportfor first unit starting of Pubugou hydropower station[R].Chengdu:DaduRiver Pubugou Hydropower Construction Company,2009.(in Chinese))
[11]硗碛水电站建设分公司.四川华能硗碛水电站枢纽工程竣工安全鉴定报告[R].成都:硗碛水电站建设分公司,2009.(QiaoqiHydropower Construction Branch Company.Sichuan Huaneng Qiaoqihydropower station project completion safety appraisal report[R].Chengdu:Qiaoqi Hydropower Construction Branch Company,2009.(in Chinese))
[12]南京南瑞集团公司.清水江三板溪水电站大坝及泄水建筑物安全监测系统大坝及泄水建筑物安全监测系统年终总结分析报告[R].南京:南瑞集团公司,2008.(Nanjing Nanri Group Corporation.Year-end monitoring system summary and analysis report of Sanbanxihydropower dam and discharge structure[R].Nanjing:Nanri GroupCorporation,2008.(in Chinese))
[13]张宗亮,贾延安,张丙印.复杂应力路径下堆石体本构模型比较验证[J].岩土力学,2008,29(5):1147–1151.(ZHANG Zongliang,JIA Yanan,ZHANG Bingyin.Comparison and verification ofconstitutive models for rockfill materials under complex stress path[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(5):1 147–1 151.(in Chinese))
[14]相彪.筑坝堆石料应力路径本构关系研究[博士学位论文][D].大连:大连理工大学,2009.(XIANG Biao.Study on constitutiverelations of dam rockfill considering the effect of stress path[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2009.(in Chinese))
[15]古兴伟,沈蓉,张永全.复杂应力路径下糯扎渡堆石料应力–应变特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增1):3251–3260.(GU Xingwei,SHEN Rong,ZHANG Yongquan.Study on stress-strainproperties of rockfill materials under different stress paths inNuozhadu project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2008,27(Supp.1):3 251–3 260.(in Chinese))
[16]中国水电工程顾问集团昆明勘测设计研究院.300m级高面板坝筑坝材料特性、坝体分区与变形特性专题研究报告[R].昆明:中国水电工程顾问集团昆明勘测设计研究院,2009.(HydroChinaKunming Engineering Corporation.A special report on characteristicsof 300 m level high concrete face rockfill dam construction materials,damzoning and deformation properties[R].Kunming:HydroChina KunmingEngineering Corporation,2009.(in Chinese))
[17]相彪,张宗亮,迟世春.堆石料等应力比路径三模量增量非线性模型[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(9):1323–1326.(XIANG Biao,ZHANG Zongliang,CHI Shichun.Three-modulus incremental nonlinearmodel of rockfill under paths of constant stress ratio[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(9):1 323–1 326.(inChinese))
[18]杨光,孙逊,于玉贞,等.不同应力路径下粗粒料力学特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1118–1122.(YANG Guang,SUN Xun,YU Yuzhen,et al.Experimental study of mechanicalbehavior of a coarse-grained material under various stress paths[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1 118–1 122.(in Chinese))
[19]李昌彩.水布垭面板堆石坝前期关键技术研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:22–26.(LI Changcai.Research on previous keytechnologies of Shuibuya concrete face rockfill dam[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2005:22–26.(in Chinese))
[20]五凌电力有限公司,中南勘测设计研究院..超硬岩筑坝材料工程特性研究[R].长沙:五凌电力有限公司,2006.(Wulin Power Company Ltd..Research on engineering properties of ultra hard rockfill material[R].Changsha:Wulin Power Company Ltd.,2006.(in Chinese))
[21]谢婉丽,王家鼎,张林洪.土石粗粒料的强度和变形特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3):430–437.(XIE Wanli,WANG Jiading,ZHANG Linhong.Testing study on characteristics ofstrength and deformation for coarse materials[J]Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2005,24(3):430–437.(in Chinese))
[22]沈珠江.堆石料的数学模型及混凝土面板堆石坝计算[R].南京:南京水利科学研究院,1990.(SHEN Zhujiang.Mathematical model ofrockfill and calculation method of CFRD[R].Nanjing:Nanjing HydraulicResearch Institute,1990.(in Chinese))
[23]冀春楼.深厚覆盖层上高堆石坝静、动力分析方法的研究[博士学位论文][D].南京:河海大学,1995.(JI Chunlou.The static anddynamic analysis method of rockfill dam built on the thick overburdenlayer[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Nanjing:Hohai University,1995.(in Chinese))
[24]刘萌成,高玉峰,刘汉龙.应力路径条件下堆石料剪切特性大型三轴试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):176–186.(LIUMengcheng,GAO Yufeng,LIU Hanlong.Study on shear behaviors ofrockfill in large-scale triaxial tests under different stress paths[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):176–186.(in Chinese))
[2]DUNCAN J M,BYRNE P,WONG K,et al.Strength,stress-strainand bulk modulus parameters for finite element analysis of stressesand movements in soil masses[R].Berkeley:University of California,1980.
[3]沈珠江.理论土力学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000:53–54.(SHEN Zhujiang.Theoretical soil mechanics[M].Beijing:ChinaWater Power Press,2000:53–54.(in Chinese))
[4]刘祖德,陆士强,杨天林,等.应力路径对填土应力–应变关系的影响及其应用[J].岩土工程学报,1982,4(4):45–51.(LIU Zude,LU Shiqiang,YANG Tianlin,et al.The influence of stress path on thestress-strain behavior of earthfills and its application[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,1982,4(4):45–51.(in Chinese))
[5]张林洪,刘荣佩,谢婉丽.等应力比路径条件下堆石料的应力–应变特性[J].大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(4):46–49.(ZHANGLinhong,LIU Rongpei,XIE Wanli.Properties of stress and strain ofrockfill under the path of equal stress ratio[J].Dam Observation andGeotechnical Tests,2001,25(4):46–49.(in Chinese))
[6]张如林.模拟大坝实际应力路径下堆石本构模型关系研究[硕士学位论文][D].大连:大连理工大学,2008.(ZHANG Rulin.Study onconstitutive relationship of rockfill under simulating actual stress pathof dam[M.S.Thesis][D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
[7]刘祖德.土石坝变形计算的若干问题[J].岩土工程学报,1983,5(1):1–13.(LIU Zude.Some problems about the calculation ofdeformation of earth-rock dams[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,1983,5(1):1–13.(in Chinese))
[8]CHARLES J A.The use of one-dimentional compression tests andelastic theory in predicting deformations of rockfill embankment[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1976,13(3):189–200.
[9]沈珠江.土石坝应力变形分析中的若干问题[J].水利发电学报,1985,(2):10–19.(SHEN Zhujiang.Some considerations on stress-strain analysis of earth and rockfill dams[J].Journal of HydroelectricEngineering,1985,(2):10–19.(in Chinese))
[10]国电大渡河瀑布沟水电站建设分公司.四川省大渡河瀑布沟水电站枢纽工程首台机组启动阶段验收监测专题报告[R].成都:国电大渡河瀑布沟水电站建设分公司,2009.(Dadu River PubugouHydropower Construction Company.Acceptance monitoring reportfor first unit starting of Pubugou hydropower station[R].Chengdu:DaduRiver Pubugou Hydropower Construction Company,2009.(in Chinese))
[11]硗碛水电站建设分公司.四川华能硗碛水电站枢纽工程竣工安全鉴定报告[R].成都:硗碛水电站建设分公司,2009.(QiaoqiHydropower Construction Branch Company.Sichuan Huaneng Qiaoqihydropower station project completion safety appraisal report[R].Chengdu:Qiaoqi Hydropower Construction Branch Company,2009.(in Chinese))
[12]南京南瑞集团公司.清水江三板溪水电站大坝及泄水建筑物安全监测系统大坝及泄水建筑物安全监测系统年终总结分析报告[R].南京:南瑞集团公司,2008.(Nanjing Nanri Group Corporation.Year-end monitoring system summary and analysis report of Sanbanxihydropower dam and discharge structure[R].Nanjing:Nanri GroupCorporation,2008.(in Chinese))
[13]张宗亮,贾延安,张丙印.复杂应力路径下堆石体本构模型比较验证[J].岩土力学,2008,29(5):1147–1151.(ZHANG Zongliang,JIA Yanan,ZHANG Bingyin.Comparison and verification ofconstitutive models for rockfill materials under complex stress path[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(5):1 147–1 151.(in Chinese))
[14]相彪.筑坝堆石料应力路径本构关系研究[博士学位论文][D].大连:大连理工大学,2009.(XIANG Biao.Study on constitutiverelations of dam rockfill considering the effect of stress path[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2009.(in Chinese))
[15]古兴伟,沈蓉,张永全.复杂应力路径下糯扎渡堆石料应力–应变特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增1):3251–3260.(GU Xingwei,SHEN Rong,ZHANG Yongquan.Study on stress-strainproperties of rockfill materials under different stress paths inNuozhadu project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2008,27(Supp.1):3 251–3 260.(in Chinese))
[16]中国水电工程顾问集团昆明勘测设计研究院.300m级高面板坝筑坝材料特性、坝体分区与变形特性专题研究报告[R].昆明:中国水电工程顾问集团昆明勘测设计研究院,2009.(HydroChinaKunming Engineering Corporation.A special report on characteristicsof 300 m level high concrete face rockfill dam construction materials,damzoning and deformation properties[R].Kunming:HydroChina KunmingEngineering Corporation,2009.(in Chinese))
[17]相彪,张宗亮,迟世春.堆石料等应力比路径三模量增量非线性模型[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(9):1323–1326.(XIANG Biao,ZHANG Zongliang,CHI Shichun.Three-modulus incremental nonlinearmodel of rockfill under paths of constant stress ratio[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(9):1 323–1 326.(inChinese))
[18]杨光,孙逊,于玉贞,等.不同应力路径下粗粒料力学特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1118–1122.(YANG Guang,SUN Xun,YU Yuzhen,et al.Experimental study of mechanicalbehavior of a coarse-grained material under various stress paths[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1 118–1 122.(in Chinese))
[19]李昌彩.水布垭面板堆石坝前期关键技术研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:22–26.(LI Changcai.Research on previous keytechnologies of Shuibuya concrete face rockfill dam[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2005:22–26.(in Chinese))
[20]五凌电力有限公司,中南勘测设计研究院..超硬岩筑坝材料工程特性研究[R].长沙:五凌电力有限公司,2006.(Wulin Power Company Ltd..Research on engineering properties of ultra hard rockfill material[R].Changsha:Wulin Power Company Ltd.,2006.(in Chinese))
[21]谢婉丽,王家鼎,张林洪.土石粗粒料的强度和变形特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3):430–437.(XIE Wanli,WANG Jiading,ZHANG Linhong.Testing study on characteristics ofstrength and deformation for coarse materials[J]Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2005,24(3):430–437.(in Chinese))
[22]沈珠江.堆石料的数学模型及混凝土面板堆石坝计算[R].南京:南京水利科学研究院,1990.(SHEN Zhujiang.Mathematical model ofrockfill and calculation method of CFRD[R].Nanjing:Nanjing HydraulicResearch Institute,1990.(in Chinese))
[23]冀春楼.深厚覆盖层上高堆石坝静、动力分析方法的研究[博士学位论文][D].南京:河海大学,1995.(JI Chunlou.The static anddynamic analysis method of rockfill dam built on the thick overburdenlayer[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Nanjing:Hohai University,1995.(in Chinese))
[24]刘萌成,高玉峰,刘汉龙.应力路径条件下堆石料剪切特性大型三轴试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):176–186.(LIUMengcheng,GAO Yufeng,LIU Hanlong.Study on shear behaviors ofrockfill in large-scale triaxial tests under different stress paths[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):176–186.(in Chinese))