太湖五里湖沿岸带浮游植物群落生态特征(2014～2015年)
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摘要
2014年7月～2015年6月对五里湖浮游植物开展了逐月调查,以研究综合治理后五里湖沿岸带浮游植物群落变化特征。本次调查共检出浮游植物8门196种,绿藻门物种最多(74种),硅藻门次之(57种)。优势种共6门30种,其中2014年7、8、9、10月和2015年6月的第一优势种均为蓝藻门的小颤藻,其优势度范围为0. 567～0. 879。时间上,浮游植物密度和生物量的月均值变幅分别为1. 07×106～2. 18×108ind./L,0. 32～50. 52 mg/L,其中由于蓝藻的大量增殖,夏和秋初密度、生物量极显著高于其他月份;空间上,A区浮游植物密度和生物量显著低于其余3个湖区。Pearson相关性分析表明,藻类密度、生物量和物种数与水体浊度(Tur)、pH和水温(WT)呈显著或极显著相关关系; RDA分析表明,WT、DO和Tur是与浮游植物群落结构相关性较强的环境因子(p<0. 01),其中相关性最强的为WT(r=0. 8982)。依据浮游植物物种数和生物多样性指数对水质的分析表明:五里湖沿岸带水体处于中度富营养化水平。
The ecological characteristics of phytoplankton community in the littoral zone of Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu were investigate monthly from July 2014 to June 2015 after the comprehensive treatment. A total of 196 species belonging to 8 phyla were identified. 37. 76% of the phytoplankton was Chlorophyta,which contained 74 species. 29. 08% was Bacillariophyta,which contained 57 species. The dominant phytoplankton contains 30 species of 8 phyla. In July,August,September and October of 2014,and June of 2015,Oscillatoria tenuis has an absolute advantage in the phytoplankton community,the dominant index ranged from 0. 567 to 0. 879. The averages variations of a month of phytoplankton density and biomass were 1. 07 × 10~6-2. 18 × 10~8 ind./L and 0. 32-50. 52 mg/L,respectively. The density and biomass of phytoplankton were significantly higher in summer and early fall than the rest month of the year due to the large-scale proliferation of cyanobacteria. The density and biomass of phytoplankton were notably lower in zone A than in the rest zones. Pearson correlation analysis shows that the density of algae,biomass and species number are significant or notably significant correlated with turbidity( Tur),pH and temperature( T). Redundancy analysis shows that strong correlation was found between water temperature,dissolved oxygen,turbidity and phytoplankton community structure( p < 0. 01). Moreover,water temperature had the strongest correlation with phytoplankton community structure( r = 0. 898 2). The index calculated from phytoplankton species and diversity suggests that the littoral ecozone of Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu is suffering from a moderate eutrophication.
The ecological characteristics of phytoplankton community in the littoral zone of Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu were investigate monthly from July 2014 to June 2015 after the comprehensive treatment. A total of 196 species belonging to 8 phyla were identified. 37. 76% of the phytoplankton was Chlorophyta,which contained 74 species. 29. 08% was Bacillariophyta,which contained 57 species. The dominant phytoplankton contains 30 species of 8 phyla. In July,August,September and October of 2014,and June of 2015,Oscillatoria tenuis has an absolute advantage in the phytoplankton community,the dominant index ranged from 0. 567 to 0. 879. The averages variations of a month of phytoplankton density and biomass were 1. 07 × 10~6-2. 18 × 10~8 ind./L and 0. 32-50. 52 mg/L,respectively. The density and biomass of phytoplankton were significantly higher in summer and early fall than the rest month of the year due to the large-scale proliferation of cyanobacteria. The density and biomass of phytoplankton were notably lower in zone A than in the rest zones. Pearson correlation analysis shows that the density of algae,biomass and species number are significant or notably significant correlated with turbidity( Tur),pH and temperature( T). Redundancy analysis shows that strong correlation was found between water temperature,dissolved oxygen,turbidity and phytoplankton community structure( p < 0. 01). Moreover,water temperature had the strongest correlation with phytoplankton community structure( r = 0. 898 2). The index calculated from phytoplankton species and diversity suggests that the littoral ecozone of Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu is suffering from a moderate eutrophication.
引文
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[10]张华,胡鸿钧,晁爱敏,等.浙江紧水滩水库浮游植物群落结构季节变化特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):944-956.ZHANG H,HU H J,CHAO A M,et al. Seasonal changes of phytoplankton community structure in Jinshuitan Reservoir,Zhejiang,China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(3):944-956.
[11]邓建明,蔡永久,陈宇炜,等.洪湖浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(1):70-78.DENG J M,CAI Y J,CHEN Y W,et al. Structure of phytoplankton community and its relationship with environment factors in Lake Honghu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2010,22(1):70-78.
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[13]刘金殿,顾志敏,杨元杰,等.长诏水库浮游植物群落结构及水质评价[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2865-2871.LIU J D,GU Z M,YANG Y J,et al. Phytoplankton community structure and water quality assessment of Changzhao Reservoir Zhejiang of East China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology 2012,31(11):2865-2871.
[14]杨宏伟,高光,朱广伟.太湖蠡湖冬季浮游植物群落结构特征与氮、磷浓度关系[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(1):1-7.YANG H W,GAO G,ZHU G W. Phytoplankton’s community structure and its relationships with water body N and P concentrations in Lihu Bay of Taihu Lake in winter[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(1):1-7.
[15]孟顺龙,陈家长,胡庚东,等.太湖蠡湖浮游植物群落特征及其对水质的评价.长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(1):30-36.MENG S L,CHEN J Z,HU G D,et al. Phytoplankton community characteristics and its eco-assessment on water quality in Lihu Lake Taihu Lake[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2010,19(1):30-36.
[16]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类-系统、分类及生态[M].2006,北京:科学出版社.
[17]韩茂森,束蕴芳.中国淡水生物图谱[M]. 1995,北京:海洋出版社.
[18]国超旋,刘妍,范亚文,等. 2012年夏季三江平原湿地抚远地区浮游植物群落结构及多样性[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(5):759-766.GUO C X,LIU Y,FAN Y W,et al. Characteristics and diversity of phytoplankton community structures in the Sanjiang Plain Wetland(Fuyuan region)in the summer,2012[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(5):759-766.
[19] SOMMER U,GLIWICZ Z M,LAMPERT W,et al. The pegmodel of seasonal succession of planktonic events in fresh waters[J]. Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie,1986,106(4):433-471.
[20]宋晓兰,刘正文,潘宏凯,等.太湖梅梁湾与五里湖浮游植物群落的比较.湖泊科学,2007,19(6):643-651.SONG X L,LIU Z W,PAN H K,et al. Phytoplankton community structure in Meiliang bay and Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu of Lake Taihu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2007,19(6):643-651.
[21]孟顺龙,陈家长,范立民,等. 2007年太湖五里湖浮游植物生态学特征.湖泊科学,2009,21(6):845-854.MENG S L,CHEN J Z,FAN L M,et al. Eco-characteristics of phytoplankton in Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu,Lake Taihu in 2007[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2009,21(6):845-854.
[22]李春华,叶春,张咏,等.太湖湖滨带藻密度与水质、风作用的分布特征及相关关系[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(12):1290-1300.LI C H,YE C,ZHANG Y,et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of algal density and its relationship with water quality and wind factor in the littoral zone of Lake Taihu[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(12):1290-1300.
[23] FERNANDES CUNHA D G,BOTTINO F,et al. 2012. Can free-floating and emerged macrophytes influence the density and diversity of phytoplankton in subtropical reservoirs[J]. Lake and Reservoir Management,28(4):255-264.
[24]汪丽,王国祥,唐晓燕,等.不同类型水生植物群落对蓝绿藻类的抑制作用[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(12):2567-2573.WANG L,WANG G X,TANG X Y,et al. Inhibitory effects of different types aquatic macrophyte communities on blue-green algae[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2009,28(12):2567-2573.
[25]邓平.三种沉水植物对浮游植物的化感效应研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(水生生物研究所),2007.DENG P. Studies on allelopathic effects of three Submerged macrophytes on Phytoplankton[D]. Wuhai:Doctor Dissertation of Institute of aquatic biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2007.
[26]陈开宁,包先明,史龙新,等.太湖五里湖生态重建示范工程——大型围隔试验[J].湖泊科学,2006,18(2):139-149.CHEN K N,BAO X M,SHI L X,et al. Ecological restoration engineering in Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu, Lake Taihu:a large enclosure experiment[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2006,18(2):139-149.
[27]刘春光,金相灿,孙凌,等.水体pH和曝气方式对藻类生长的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(3):161-163.LIU C G,JIN X C,SUN L,et al. Responses of algae the variation of pH level and aeration mode[J]. Environmental Pollution and Prevention,2006,28(3):161-163.
[28]吕晋.浅水湖泊浮游植物生长影响因子及修复评价指标体系研究[D]. 2012.华中科技大学.LV J. Study on the influential factors of phytoplankton in shallow lakes and restoration assessment for aquatic ecosystem[D].Wuhai:Doctor Dissertation of Huazhong University of Science.2012.
[2]李文朝.五里湖富营养化过程中水生生物及生态环境的演变[J].湖泊科学,1996(S1):37-45.LI W C,Biological and envirenmental succession in Wuli Bay of Taihu Lake.[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,1996(S1):37-45.
[3]李英杰,年跃刚,胡社荣,等.太湖五里湖水生植物群落演替及其驱动因素[J].水资源保护,2008(03):12-16.LI Y J,NIAN Y G,HU S R,et al. Succession of macrophyte communities and its driving factors in Wuli Lake of Taihu Lake.[J]. Water Resources Protection,2008(03):12-16.
[4]朱喜,张扬文.五里湖水污染治理现状及继续治理对策[J].水资源保护,2009(01):86-89.ZHU X,ZHANG Y W. Control of water pollution in Wuli Lake[J]. Water Resources Protection,2009(01):86-89.
[5]蔡琳琳,朱广伟,王永平,等.五里湖综合整治对湖水水质的影响[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2011,05:482-488.CAI L L,ZHU G W,WANG Y P,et al. Influence of comprehensive treatment on water quality in Wuli bay of Taihu Lake[J]. Journal of Hohai University(Natural science),2011,39(5):482-488.
[6]杨红军.五里湖湖滨带生态恢复和重建的基础研究[D].上海:上海交通大学. 2008.YANG H J. Basal study on the ecological restoration and reconstruction in Wulihu Lake[D]. Shanghai:Doctor Dissertation of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2008.
[7]陈家长,孟顺龙,尤洋,等.太湖五里湖浮游植物群落结构特征分析[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(4):1358-1367.CHEN J Z,MENG S L,YOU Y,et al. Characteristic of phytoplankton community in Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu,Lake Taihu[J]. Ecology and Environmental Science, 2009,18(4):1358-1367.
[8]叶春,李春华,邓婷婷.论湖滨带的结构与生态功能[J].环境科学研究,2015. 02:171-181.YE C,LI CH,DENG T T,Structures and ecological function of lake littoral zones[J]. Reseach of Environmental Sciences,2015. 02:171-181.
[9]冯露露,李正魁,周涛.太湖浮游植物和各形态无机氮的时空分布特征[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(5):739-745.FENG L L,LI Z K,ZHOU T,et al. Temporal and spatial distributions of phytoplankton and various forms of inorganic nitrogen in Lake Taihu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2012,24(5):739-745.
[10]张华,胡鸿钧,晁爱敏,等.浙江紧水滩水库浮游植物群落结构季节变化特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):944-956.ZHANG H,HU H J,CHAO A M,et al. Seasonal changes of phytoplankton community structure in Jinshuitan Reservoir,Zhejiang,China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(3):944-956.
[11]邓建明,蔡永久,陈宇炜,等.洪湖浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(1):70-78.DENG J M,CAI Y J,CHEN Y W,et al. Structure of phytoplankton community and its relationship with environment factors in Lake Honghu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2010,22(1):70-78.
[12]王瑜,刘录三,舒俭民,等.白洋淀浮游植物群落结构与水质评价[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(4):575-580.WANG Y,LIU L S,SHU J M,et al. Community structure of phytoplankton and the water quality assessment in Lake Baiyangdian[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2011,23(4):575-580.
[13]刘金殿,顾志敏,杨元杰,等.长诏水库浮游植物群落结构及水质评价[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2865-2871.LIU J D,GU Z M,YANG Y J,et al. Phytoplankton community structure and water quality assessment of Changzhao Reservoir Zhejiang of East China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology 2012,31(11):2865-2871.
[14]杨宏伟,高光,朱广伟.太湖蠡湖冬季浮游植物群落结构特征与氮、磷浓度关系[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(1):1-7.YANG H W,GAO G,ZHU G W. Phytoplankton’s community structure and its relationships with water body N and P concentrations in Lihu Bay of Taihu Lake in winter[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(1):1-7.
[15]孟顺龙,陈家长,胡庚东,等.太湖蠡湖浮游植物群落特征及其对水质的评价.长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(1):30-36.MENG S L,CHEN J Z,HU G D,et al. Phytoplankton community characteristics and its eco-assessment on water quality in Lihu Lake Taihu Lake[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2010,19(1):30-36.
[16]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类-系统、分类及生态[M].2006,北京:科学出版社.
[17]韩茂森,束蕴芳.中国淡水生物图谱[M]. 1995,北京:海洋出版社.
[18]国超旋,刘妍,范亚文,等. 2012年夏季三江平原湿地抚远地区浮游植物群落结构及多样性[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(5):759-766.GUO C X,LIU Y,FAN Y W,et al. Characteristics and diversity of phytoplankton community structures in the Sanjiang Plain Wetland(Fuyuan region)in the summer,2012[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(5):759-766.
[19] SOMMER U,GLIWICZ Z M,LAMPERT W,et al. The pegmodel of seasonal succession of planktonic events in fresh waters[J]. Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie,1986,106(4):433-471.
[20]宋晓兰,刘正文,潘宏凯,等.太湖梅梁湾与五里湖浮游植物群落的比较.湖泊科学,2007,19(6):643-651.SONG X L,LIU Z W,PAN H K,et al. Phytoplankton community structure in Meiliang bay and Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu of Lake Taihu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2007,19(6):643-651.
[21]孟顺龙,陈家长,范立民,等. 2007年太湖五里湖浮游植物生态学特征.湖泊科学,2009,21(6):845-854.MENG S L,CHEN J Z,FAN L M,et al. Eco-characteristics of phytoplankton in Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu,Lake Taihu in 2007[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2009,21(6):845-854.
[22]李春华,叶春,张咏,等.太湖湖滨带藻密度与水质、风作用的分布特征及相关关系[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(12):1290-1300.LI C H,YE C,ZHANG Y,et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of algal density and its relationship with water quality and wind factor in the littoral zone of Lake Taihu[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(12):1290-1300.
[23] FERNANDES CUNHA D G,BOTTINO F,et al. 2012. Can free-floating and emerged macrophytes influence the density and diversity of phytoplankton in subtropical reservoirs[J]. Lake and Reservoir Management,28(4):255-264.
[24]汪丽,王国祥,唐晓燕,等.不同类型水生植物群落对蓝绿藻类的抑制作用[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(12):2567-2573.WANG L,WANG G X,TANG X Y,et al. Inhibitory effects of different types aquatic macrophyte communities on blue-green algae[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2009,28(12):2567-2573.
[25]邓平.三种沉水植物对浮游植物的化感效应研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(水生生物研究所),2007.DENG P. Studies on allelopathic effects of three Submerged macrophytes on Phytoplankton[D]. Wuhai:Doctor Dissertation of Institute of aquatic biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2007.
[26]陈开宁,包先明,史龙新,等.太湖五里湖生态重建示范工程——大型围隔试验[J].湖泊科学,2006,18(2):139-149.CHEN K N,BAO X M,SHI L X,et al. Ecological restoration engineering in Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu, Lake Taihu:a large enclosure experiment[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2006,18(2):139-149.
[27]刘春光,金相灿,孙凌,等.水体pH和曝气方式对藻类生长的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(3):161-163.LIU C G,JIN X C,SUN L,et al. Responses of algae the variation of pH level and aeration mode[J]. Environmental Pollution and Prevention,2006,28(3):161-163.
[28]吕晋.浅水湖泊浮游植物生长影响因子及修复评价指标体系研究[D]. 2012.华中科技大学.LV J. Study on the influential factors of phytoplankton in shallow lakes and restoration assessment for aquatic ecosystem[D].Wuhai:Doctor Dissertation of Huazhong University of Science.2012.