结构、关系与技术生态位:基于合作与知识双网络的视角
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摘要
创新生态系统研究是当前创新管理领域研究的主要范式之一。借鉴态势理论,利用信息通信技术(ICT)行业40家上市公司2015—2017年数据,从双网络的结构与关系双重维度出发探究各网络特征与企业技术生态位之间的关系。研究发现,合作网络规模与技术生态位呈倒"U"型关系,知识网络规模与技术生态位呈正相关关系,合作距离与技术生态位"态"呈倒"U"型关系。研究结论为企业选择有效合作策略、知识策略提供参考。
The research of innovative ecosystem is one of the main paradigms in the field of innovation management.Based on the situational theory,using the dual dimensions of the structure and relationship of the dual network,this paper explores the relationship between the network characteristics and the technological niche of the enterprise with the data of 40 listed companies in the ICT industry from 2015 to 2017.It is found that,the cooperative network scale and technology niche are in an inverted U-shaped relationship,and the knowledge network scale is positively correlated with the technical niche;the cooperation distance and the technical niche state are inverted U-shaped.The research conclusions provide reference for enterprises to choose effective cooperation strategies and knowledge strategies.
The research of innovative ecosystem is one of the main paradigms in the field of innovation management.Based on the situational theory,using the dual dimensions of the structure and relationship of the dual network,this paper explores the relationship between the network characteristics and the technological niche of the enterprise with the data of 40 listed companies in the ICT industry from 2015 to 2017.It is found that,the cooperative network scale and technology niche are in an inverted U-shaped relationship,and the knowledge network scale is positively correlated with the technical niche;the cooperation distance and the technical niche state are inverted U-shaped.The research conclusions provide reference for enterprises to choose effective cooperation strategies and knowledge strategies.
引文
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[29]高继平,丁堃,潘云涛,等.知识关联研究述评[J].情报理论与实践,2015(8):135-140.
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[2]梅亮,陈劲,刘洋.创新生态系统:源起、知识演进和理论框架[J].科学学研究,2014(12):1771-1780.
[3]刘军.高新技术产业生态系统中技术要素运行机理研究[J].经济管理,2007(6):54-60.
[4]FREEMAN C.Network of innovators:a synthesis of research issues[J].Research Policy,1991,20(5):499-514.
[5]郭献强,党兴华,刘景东.基于资源依赖视角下企业创新网络中知识权力的形成研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014(4):136-145.
[6]李丹,俞竹超,樊治平.知识网络的构建过程分析[J].科学学研究,2002(6):620-623.
[7]JORIS K,LEON O,ROEL R.Radical changes in inter-organizational network structures:the longitudinal gap[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change,2006,73(4):390-404.
[8]ZAHEER A,SODA G.Network evolution:the origins of structural holes[J].Entrepreneurship Research Journal,2009,1(54):1-31.
[9]LEE F,SANTIAGO M,DAVID C.Collaborative brokerage,generative creativity,and creative success[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2007,52(3):443-475.
[10]WANG C,SIMON R,MARK F.Knowledge networks,collaboration networks,and exploratory innovation[J].Academy of Management Journal,2014,57(2):484-514.
[11]GIANLUCA C,JEROEN B.Knowledge specialization,knowledge brokerage and the uneven growth of technology domains[J].Social Forces,2009,27(12):607-641.
[12]GUAN J CH,LIU N.Exploitative and exploratory innovations in knowledge network and collaboration network:a patent analysis in the technological field of nano-energy[J].Research Policy,2016,45(1):97-112.
[13]ZHANG Y R,MA D.Modeling the evolution of collaboration network and knowledge network and their effects on knowledge flow through social network analysis[J].Journal of Digital Information Management,2016,14(4):246-254.
[14]张晓黎,覃正.知识与合作网络结构洞对技术创新绩效的影响[J].软科学,2013(12):58-62.
[15]王众托.无处不在的网络社会中的知识网络[J].信息系统学报,2007(1):1-7.
[16]张晓黎.合作网络变动对知识网络的影响研究[J].软科学,2016(11):81-85.
[17]王彦博,任慧.知识网络与合作网络嵌入式的企业技术创新网络的解耦研究[J].科技管理研究,2016(1):12-16.
[18]项丽瑶.知识/研究者多样性、双模网络结构与新兴技术创新绩效:中美新兴技术企业实证比较[D].杭州:浙江工商大学,2016.
[19]张光宇,张玉磊,谢卫红,等.技术生态位理论综述[J].工业工程,2011(4):11-16.
[20]曹兴,李文.创新网络结构演化对技术生态位影响的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2017(5):792-800.
[21]TOBY S,JOEL P.Local search and the evolution of technological capabilities[J].Strategic Management Journal,1996,17:21-38.
[22]姚艳虹,陈彦文,周惠平.技术创新网络中企业生态位对二元式创新的影响[J].科技进步与对策,2017(19):1-7.
[23]朱春全.生态位态势理论与扩充假说[J].生态学报,1997(3):324-332.
[24]DRIES F,MATTHIAS V,PETRA A,et al.Technology alliance portfolios and financial performance:value-enhancing and costincreasing effects of open innovation[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2010,27(6):785-796.
[25]徐敏,张卓,宋晨晨,等.开放创新搜索、知识转移与创新绩效:基于无标度加权网络的仿真研究[J].科学学研究,2017(7):1085-1094.
[26]陈立勇,刘梅,高静.研发网络成员多样性、网络关系强度对二元式创新的影响[J].软科学,2016(8):25-28.
[27]贾军,张卓.技术多元化对企业绩效的影响研究:技术关联的调节效应[J].管理评论,2013(8):124-131.
[28]曾德明,文金艳.协作研发网络中心度、知识距离对企业二元式创新的影响[J].管理学报,2015(10):1479-1486.
[29]高继平,丁堃,潘云涛,等.知识关联研究述评[J].情报理论与实践,2015(8):135-140.
[30]曾德明,韩智奇,邹思明.协作研发网络结构对产业技术生态位影响研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015(3):87-95.