国际体育组织的法律人格
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摘要
国际体育组织的法律人格是国际体育组织设立与运行的基本法理依据。以国际法主体理论及国际组织的法律人格理论作为法理基础,分析政府间和非政府间国际体育组织的法律人格现状、局限性及发展态势。根据传统的国际组织法律人格理论,政府间国际体育组织具有有限的国际法主体资格,其制定的规则具有国际法意义上的普遍约束力,但政府间国际体育组织在国际体育运动实践中的数量及作用有限。大量存在的非政府间国际体育组织在国际体育运动实践中起到了至关重要的主导作用,但它们在法理上不具备国际法主体资格,在法律人格上仅能界定为设立国的社团法人,在一定程度上限制了非政府间国际体育组织的运作与发展。随着国际法主体资格理论的不断变迁,国际组织的法律人格理论呈动态发展趋势,国际奥委会等非政府间国际体育组织在将来可能具备一定的国际法主体资格。
Legal personality of international sports organizations is the basis of legal principles.In This paper analyzes the present situation,limitation,and trend of legal personality of intergovernmental and non-intergovernmental sports organization based on the theory of the qualification of subject of international law and theory of legal personality of international organizations.According to the theory of additional legal personality of international organizations,intergovernmental sports organizations have the limited qualification of subject of international law,the legal rules made by which have the binding force on the international law.However,international sports organizations only have few quantities,and can only play limited roles in international sports practice.A large number of intergovernmental sports organizations play vitally leading roles in international sports practice.However,the non-intergovernmental sports organizations have not the qualification of subject of international law,which only belongs to the domestic legal person.The limitations of legal personality restrict the operation and development of international sports organizations.With the constant transformation of the theory of the qualification of subject of international law,theory of legal personality of international organizations presents the dynamic development trend.Some non-intergovernmental sports organizations such as the IOC may have the qualification of subject of international law in the future.
Legal personality of international sports organizations is the basis of legal principles.In This paper analyzes the present situation,limitation,and trend of legal personality of intergovernmental and non-intergovernmental sports organization based on the theory of the qualification of subject of international law and theory of legal personality of international organizations.According to the theory of additional legal personality of international organizations,intergovernmental sports organizations have the limited qualification of subject of international law,the legal rules made by which have the binding force on the international law.However,international sports organizations only have few quantities,and can only play limited roles in international sports practice.A large number of intergovernmental sports organizations play vitally leading roles in international sports practice.However,the non-intergovernmental sports organizations have not the qualification of subject of international law,which only belongs to the domestic legal person.The limitations of legal personality restrict the operation and development of international sports organizations.With the constant transformation of the theory of the qualification of subject of international law,theory of legal personality of international organizations presents the dynamic development trend.Some non-intergovernmental sports organizations such as the IOC may have the qualification of subject of international law in the future.
引文
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[22]张文闻,吴义华.法律多元视野下的国际体育组织基本法理问题研究[J].体育科学.2014,(1):14-20.
[2]Louis Henkin et(eds).International Law:case and Materials(Third Edition)[M].West Publishing Co.,1993:241.
[3]奥本海,詹宁斯.瓦茨修订.奥本海国际法[M].王铁崖,译.北京:中国大百科全书出版社.1998:2-25.
[4]沃尔夫纲·格拉夫·魏智通.国际法[M].吴越,毛晓飞,译.北京:法律出版社.2002:393.
[5]马尔科姆.N.肖.国际法(第六版)(上)[M].白桂梅,高健军,译.北京:北京大学出版社.2011:25.
[6]蒂莫西·希利尔.国际公法原理(第二版)[M].曲波,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社.2006:69-71.
[7]李俊义.非政府间国际组织的国际法律地位研究[D].华东政法大学.国际法.2010:25.
[8]伊恩·布朗利.(英)国际公法原理[M].曾令良,余敏友,译.北京:法律出版社.2007:603.
[9]托马斯·伯根索尔,肖恩.D.墨菲.国际公法(第三版)[M].黎作恒,译.北京:法律出版社.2005:44.
[10]松井芳郎,佐分晴夫.国际法(第四版)[M].芯崇阳,译.北京:中国政法大学出版社.2004:51-55.
[11]Lindblom A.K.Non-Governmental Organizations in International Law[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2009:25-45.
[12]饶戈平.全球化进程中的国际组织[A].全球化进程中的国际组织[C].北京:北京大学出版社.2005.8-12.
[13]李先波.主权、人权、国际组织[M].北京:法律出版社.2005:257.
[14]朱景文.全球化条件下的法治国家[M].中国人民大学出版社.2006:131.
[15]Shaw M.N.International law[M].2nd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2008:1297.
[16]米歇尔.贝诺夫,蒂姆.克尔,玛丽.德米特里.体育法[M].郭树理,译.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2008:10-12.
[17]黄世席.奥运会法律问题[M].北京:法律出版社,2008:4-151.
[18]Nafziger J.A.R.International Sports Law(2nd ed)[M].New York:Transnational Publishers,Inc.2005.25;41;215.
[19]郭树理,夏骄阳.论国际奥委会的国际法主体资格[J].武汉体育学院学报.2008,42(10).
[20]Etinger D.J.The Legal Status of the International Olympic Committee[J].Pace Yearbook of International Law,1992(1).
[21]黄世席.论国际奥委会的法律地位:一种国际法学的分析[J].法学研究.2008(11):43-47.
[22]张文闻,吴义华.法律多元视野下的国际体育组织基本法理问题研究[J].体育科学.2014,(1):14-20.