基于软法的国际体育组织“内部法律”效力分析
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摘要
以法律多元为视角,以软法理论为基本法理,在分析国际体育组织"内部法律"属性的基础上,探讨其效力。主要结论:国际体育组织"内部法律"具有独特的软法特性,包括组织成员的自觉、社会事实、制度认同和组织章程的规定等多元效力来源,是具有一定"刚性"的国际体育软法。在奥林匹克组织体系下,效力位阶从高到低依次为:《奥林匹克宪章》、其他国际体育组织的章程、具有授权立法性质的派生性规章,以及包括国际体育仲裁裁决、国际体育比赛规则和竞赛标准等在内的个别规范。在效力位阶出现冲突时,位阶原则的确立可参照法律效力的位阶原则。
From the perspective of legal pluralism, taking soft law theory as the basic legal principle, this paper analyzes the effectiveness of the "internal law" of international sports organizations on the basis of the attribute. The main inclusions including: "internal law" of international sports organizations have unique soft law characteristics which has diversified effectiveness source, including the selfconscious of organization members, the social fact, the institutional identification and the stipulation of organization articles; it is a kind of soft international sports law with certain "rigidity"; under the Olympic organization system, the hierarchy of effectiveness of the "internal law" from high to low in turn as follows, the Olympic Charter, the articles of other international sports organizations, and the derivative regulations of authorized legislative nature, as well as individual standards including the arbitration awards of international sports, rules and competition standards of international sports competition, etc. The resolution principles can refer to the hierarchy of law effectiveness when there are conflicts in the level of effectiveness.
From the perspective of legal pluralism, taking soft law theory as the basic legal principle, this paper analyzes the effectiveness of the "internal law" of international sports organizations on the basis of the attribute. The main inclusions including: "internal law" of international sports organizations have unique soft law characteristics which has diversified effectiveness source, including the selfconscious of organization members, the social fact, the institutional identification and the stipulation of organization articles; it is a kind of soft international sports law with certain "rigidity"; under the Olympic organization system, the hierarchy of effectiveness of the "internal law" from high to low in turn as follows, the Olympic Charter, the articles of other international sports organizations, and the derivative regulations of authorized legislative nature, as well as individual standards including the arbitration awards of international sports, rules and competition standards of international sports competition, etc. The resolution principles can refer to the hierarchy of law effectiveness when there are conflicts in the level of effectiveness.
引文
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[12]张文闻,吴义华.国际体育组织自治权的法理分析[J].武汉体育学院学报,2016,50(8):44-48.
[2]沃尔夫纲·格拉夫,魏智通.国际法[M].吴越,等译.北京:法律出版社,2002:408.
[3]张文闻,吴义华.法律多元视野下的国际体育组织基本法理问题[J].体育科学,2014,34(1):14-20.
[4]Bryan A.Garner.Black's law dictionary[M].10th ed.Thomsonp West,2014:1123.
[5]Francis Snyder.Soft Law and Institutional Practice in the European Community[M]//S.Mar tin,ed.the Constriction of European.Kuwer Academic Publisher,1994:198.
[6]罗豪才,宋功德.软法亦法:公共治理呼唤软法之治[M].北京:法律出版社,2009:172.
[7]江必新.论软法效力:兼论法律效力之本源[J].中外法学,2011(6):1163-1170.
[8]罗豪才.公共治理的崛起呼唤软法之治[J].新华文摘,2009(7):12.
[9]凯尔森.法与国家的一般理论[M].沈宗灵,译.北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1996:31-48.
[10]全浙平,贾文彤.国际体育法研究:来自软法视角的考察[J].武汉体育学院学报,2011(11):38-42.
[11]Nafziger J.A.R.Inter national Spor ts law[M].2nd ed.New York:Transnational Publishers Inc,2005:215.
[12]张文闻,吴义华.国际体育组织自治权的法理分析[J].武汉体育学院学报,2016,50(8):44-48.