功能植物金盏菊对七星瓢虫温室定殖控害的增效作用研究
|
摘要
利用蜜源植物为天敌提供栖境和营养的生物防治增效技术已广泛应用。金盏菊Calendula officinalis(Asterales:Asteraceae)由于生长快、花期长而具备作为蜜源性功能植物为天敌昆虫定殖、迁移和控害能力增效的潜力。本试验从室内种群定殖、诱集助迁和控害增效作用评价3个方面研究了金盏菊对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)温室定殖控害的增效作用。试验表明,在金盏菊的伴存下七星瓢虫种群个体数在15 d和30 d时分别增长170%和320%,显著高于对照组。金盏菊伴存时番茄植株对七星瓢虫的诱集助迁作用随时间的延长而显著上升。控害增效作用评价试验表明,引入瓢虫15 d后,试验处理内各个区域间七星瓢虫个体数量和蚜虫密度均有显著差异,种植有金盏菊的小区内七星瓢虫个体数量显著大于对照组,蚜虫密度均显著小于对照组;引入瓢虫30 d时,不同区域间的七星瓢虫个体数量和蚜虫密度未见显著差异。本研究证明了金盏菊对七星瓢虫诱集助迁、温室内定殖及控害效果均有增效作用,为其作为功能性蜜源植物增加天敌释放效率和控害效果奠定了理论基础。
The synergistic effect of nectar plants in biological control has been widely applied in the field, which can provide natural enemies with nutrition and habitat. Calendula officinalis(Asterales: Asteraceae), which grows fast and has a long flowering period, has the potential as nectar plants for the enhancement of colonization, migration and pest control of the natural enemies. In this study, the synergistic effects of C.officinalis on the colonization of Coccinella septempunctata(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were studied in three aspects: colonization of indoor colonies, migration and evaluation of the synergistic effects of pest control in greenhouses. The results showed that the individual population of C.septempunctata increased by 170% and 320% respectively on the 15~(th) and 30~(th) days, which was significantly higher than that of the control group. The trapping effect of C.officinalis accompanying by tomato plants on C.septempunctata increased significantly with time. The evaluation assay of enhancement effect by C.septempunctata in greenhouses showed that there was significant difference in the number of ladybugs individuals and the density of aphids in each area of the greenhouse. After 15 days of the introduction of ladybugs, the density of aphids was significantly lower than that of the control group. When C.septempunctata was introduced for 30 days, there was no significant difference in the number of the biological agents and the density of aphids between the different test areas. This study demonstrates that C.officinalis has a synergistic effect on the migration, field colonization and pest control ability of C.septempunctata, which provides a theoretical foundation for its application as a functional nectar source to increase the release efficiency and effects of natural enemies.
The synergistic effect of nectar plants in biological control has been widely applied in the field, which can provide natural enemies with nutrition and habitat. Calendula officinalis(Asterales: Asteraceae), which grows fast and has a long flowering period, has the potential as nectar plants for the enhancement of colonization, migration and pest control of the natural enemies. In this study, the synergistic effects of C.officinalis on the colonization of Coccinella septempunctata(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were studied in three aspects: colonization of indoor colonies, migration and evaluation of the synergistic effects of pest control in greenhouses. The results showed that the individual population of C.septempunctata increased by 170% and 320% respectively on the 15~(th) and 30~(th) days, which was significantly higher than that of the control group. The trapping effect of C.officinalis accompanying by tomato plants on C.septempunctata increased significantly with time. The evaluation assay of enhancement effect by C.septempunctata in greenhouses showed that there was significant difference in the number of ladybugs individuals and the density of aphids in each area of the greenhouse. After 15 days of the introduction of ladybugs, the density of aphids was significantly lower than that of the control group. When C.septempunctata was introduced for 30 days, there was no significant difference in the number of the biological agents and the density of aphids between the different test areas. This study demonstrates that C.officinalis has a synergistic effect on the migration, field colonization and pest control ability of C.septempunctata, which provides a theoretical foundation for its application as a functional nectar source to increase the release efficiency and effects of natural enemies.
引文
Chen XX, Liu YQ, Ren SX, et al. Plant-mediated support system for natural enemies of insect pests [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2014, 51 (1): 1-12. [陈学新, 刘银泉, 任顺祥, 等. 害虫天敌的植物支持系统 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2014, 51 (1): 1-12]
Chen XX, Ren SX, Zhang F, et al. Mechanism of pest management by natural enemies and their sustainable utilization [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2013, 50 (1): 9-18. [陈学新, 任顺祥, 张帆, 等. 天敌昆虫控害机制与可持续利用 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2013, 50 (1): 9-18]
Ding RF, Wang XL, Xu Y, et al. The effect of honey plants on arthropod community in apricot and wheat intercropping orchard [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 45 (5): 960-963. [丁瑞丰, 王小丽, 徐遥, 等. 套种蜜源植物对杏-麦间作果园节肢动物群落的影响 [J]. 新疆农业科学, 2008, 45 (5): 960-963]
Guan SY, Wu YG, Yuan HB, et al. Research review of insect pollination mechanism [J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2005, 27 (6): 608-613. [官昭瑛, 吴艳光, 袁海滨, 等. 昆虫访花机制研究概述 [J]. 吉林农业大学学报, 2005, 27 (6): 608-613]
Hoferer S, W?ckers FL, Dorn S. Measuring CO2 respiration rates in the parasitoid Cotesia glomerata [J]. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie, 2000, 12 (1/6): 555-558.
Kevan PG, Baker HG. Insects as flower visitors and pollinators [J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 1983, 28 (1): 407-453.
Lu ZX, Zhu PY, Gurr GM, et al. Mechanisms for flowering plants to benefit arthropod natural enemies of insect pests: Prospects for enhanced use in agriculture [J]. Insect Science, 2014, 21 (1): 1-12.
Lu ZX, Zhu PY, Gurr GM, et al. Rice pest management by ecological engineering: A pioneering attempt in China. In: Heong K, Cheng J, Escalada M,eds. Rice Planthoppers[M]. Dordrecht:Springer, 2015: 161-178.
Menalled FD, Smith RG. Plant-provided food for carnivorous insects: A protective mutualism and its applications [J]. Environmental Entomology, 2006, 35 (4): 1137-1137.
Sun CK, Fu XH, Sun Y. The modern biological technique and the prevention of the crop pest [J]. Sci-Tech Information Development & Economy, 2006, 16 (16): 167-168. [孙传凯, 付秀华, 孙毅. 现代生物技术与作物病虫害防治 [J]. 科技情报开发与经济, 2006, 16 (16): 167-168]
Wang S, Zhang RZ, Zhang F. Research progress on biology and ecology of Harmonia axyridis Pallas [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(9): 2117-2126. [王甦, 张润志, 张帆. 异色瓢虫生物生态学研究进展 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2007,18(9): 2117-2126]
W?ckers FL, Romeis J, Van RP. Nectar and pollen feeding by insect herbivores and implications for multitrophic interactions [J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 2007, 52: 301-323.
Xiao YF, Mao RQ, Shen GQ, et al. Banker plant system: A new approach for biological control of arthropod pests [J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2012, 28 (1): 1-8. [肖英方, 毛润乾, 沈国清, 等. 害虫生物防治新技术—载体植物系统 [J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2012, 28 (1): 1-8]
Yang F, Wang S, Zhang JM, et al. Olfactory influences and filed attractions of enhancing plant and herbivore induced defense volatiles to predacious flower bug Orius sauteri (Hemoptera: Anthocoridae) and parasitoid wasp Encarsia sophia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) [J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2017, 39 (6): 1250-1257. [杨帆, 王甦, 张君明, 等. 增殖植物和植物诱导抗性挥发物质对东亚小花蝽和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的嗅觉行为影响及田间诱集作用 [J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2017, 39 (6): 1250-1257]
Yang HW. Review in utilization of insect natural enemies during the period from 1985 to 2015 in China (Part 2) [J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2015, 31 (5): 603-612. [杨怀文. 我国农业害虫天敌昆虫利用三十年回顾 (下篇) [J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2015, 31 (5): 603-612]
Zheng XS, Yu XP, Lu ZX, et al. Effects of different nutrional sources on the longevity and parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, 14 (10): 1751-1755. [郑许松, 俞晓平, 吕仲贤, 等. 不同营养源对稻虱缨小蜂寿命及寄生能力的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, 14 (10): 1751-1755]
Zhu PY, Lu ZX, Heong KL, et al. Selection of nectar plants for use in ecological engineering to promote biological control of rice pests by the predatory bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, (Heteroptera: Miridae) [J]. PLoS ONE, 2014, 9 (9): e108669.
Zhu PY, Lu ZX, Zheng XS, et al. Ecological functions of flowering plants on conservation of the arthropod natural enemies of insect pests in agroecosystem [J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2012, 28 (4): 583-588. [朱平阳, 吕仲贤, 郑许松, 等. 显花植物在提高节肢动物天敌控制害虫中的生态功能 [J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2012, 28 (4): 583-588]
Zhu PY, Sheng XQ, Fang DH, et al. Effect of feeding parental adults with plant flowers on growth and predatory capacity of next generation of mired bug Cyrtorhinus lividipennis [J]. China Plant Protection, 2013, 33 (10): 17-21. [朱平阳, 盛仙俏, 方德华, 等. 黑肩绿盲蝽成虫取食植物花后对下一代生长和捕食能力的影响 [J]. 中国植保导刊, 2013, 33 (10): 17-21]
Zhu PY, Wang GW, Zheng XS, et al. Selective enhancement of parasitoids of rice Lepidoptera pests by sesame (Sesamum indicum) flowers [J]. BioControl, 2015, 60 (2): 157-167.
Chen XX, Ren SX, Zhang F, et al. Mechanism of pest management by natural enemies and their sustainable utilization [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2013, 50 (1): 9-18. [陈学新, 任顺祥, 张帆, 等. 天敌昆虫控害机制与可持续利用 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2013, 50 (1): 9-18]
Ding RF, Wang XL, Xu Y, et al. The effect of honey plants on arthropod community in apricot and wheat intercropping orchard [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 45 (5): 960-963. [丁瑞丰, 王小丽, 徐遥, 等. 套种蜜源植物对杏-麦间作果园节肢动物群落的影响 [J]. 新疆农业科学, 2008, 45 (5): 960-963]
Guan SY, Wu YG, Yuan HB, et al. Research review of insect pollination mechanism [J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2005, 27 (6): 608-613. [官昭瑛, 吴艳光, 袁海滨, 等. 昆虫访花机制研究概述 [J]. 吉林农业大学学报, 2005, 27 (6): 608-613]
Hoferer S, W?ckers FL, Dorn S. Measuring CO2 respiration rates in the parasitoid Cotesia glomerata [J]. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie, 2000, 12 (1/6): 555-558.
Kevan PG, Baker HG. Insects as flower visitors and pollinators [J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 1983, 28 (1): 407-453.
Lu ZX, Zhu PY, Gurr GM, et al. Mechanisms for flowering plants to benefit arthropod natural enemies of insect pests: Prospects for enhanced use in agriculture [J]. Insect Science, 2014, 21 (1): 1-12.
Lu ZX, Zhu PY, Gurr GM, et al. Rice pest management by ecological engineering: A pioneering attempt in China. In: Heong K, Cheng J, Escalada M,eds. Rice Planthoppers[M]. Dordrecht:Springer, 2015: 161-178.
Menalled FD, Smith RG. Plant-provided food for carnivorous insects: A protective mutualism and its applications [J]. Environmental Entomology, 2006, 35 (4): 1137-1137.
Sun CK, Fu XH, Sun Y. The modern biological technique and the prevention of the crop pest [J]. Sci-Tech Information Development & Economy, 2006, 16 (16): 167-168. [孙传凯, 付秀华, 孙毅. 现代生物技术与作物病虫害防治 [J]. 科技情报开发与经济, 2006, 16 (16): 167-168]
Wang S, Zhang RZ, Zhang F. Research progress on biology and ecology of Harmonia axyridis Pallas [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(9): 2117-2126. [王甦, 张润志, 张帆. 异色瓢虫生物生态学研究进展 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2007,18(9): 2117-2126]
W?ckers FL, Romeis J, Van RP. Nectar and pollen feeding by insect herbivores and implications for multitrophic interactions [J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 2007, 52: 301-323.
Xiao YF, Mao RQ, Shen GQ, et al. Banker plant system: A new approach for biological control of arthropod pests [J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2012, 28 (1): 1-8. [肖英方, 毛润乾, 沈国清, 等. 害虫生物防治新技术—载体植物系统 [J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2012, 28 (1): 1-8]
Yang F, Wang S, Zhang JM, et al. Olfactory influences and filed attractions of enhancing plant and herbivore induced defense volatiles to predacious flower bug Orius sauteri (Hemoptera: Anthocoridae) and parasitoid wasp Encarsia sophia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) [J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2017, 39 (6): 1250-1257. [杨帆, 王甦, 张君明, 等. 增殖植物和植物诱导抗性挥发物质对东亚小花蝽和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的嗅觉行为影响及田间诱集作用 [J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2017, 39 (6): 1250-1257]
Yang HW. Review in utilization of insect natural enemies during the period from 1985 to 2015 in China (Part 2) [J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2015, 31 (5): 603-612. [杨怀文. 我国农业害虫天敌昆虫利用三十年回顾 (下篇) [J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2015, 31 (5): 603-612]
Zheng XS, Yu XP, Lu ZX, et al. Effects of different nutrional sources on the longevity and parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, 14 (10): 1751-1755. [郑许松, 俞晓平, 吕仲贤, 等. 不同营养源对稻虱缨小蜂寿命及寄生能力的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, 14 (10): 1751-1755]
Zhu PY, Lu ZX, Heong KL, et al. Selection of nectar plants for use in ecological engineering to promote biological control of rice pests by the predatory bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, (Heteroptera: Miridae) [J]. PLoS ONE, 2014, 9 (9): e108669.
Zhu PY, Lu ZX, Zheng XS, et al. Ecological functions of flowering plants on conservation of the arthropod natural enemies of insect pests in agroecosystem [J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2012, 28 (4): 583-588. [朱平阳, 吕仲贤, 郑许松, 等. 显花植物在提高节肢动物天敌控制害虫中的生态功能 [J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2012, 28 (4): 583-588]
Zhu PY, Sheng XQ, Fang DH, et al. Effect of feeding parental adults with plant flowers on growth and predatory capacity of next generation of mired bug Cyrtorhinus lividipennis [J]. China Plant Protection, 2013, 33 (10): 17-21. [朱平阳, 盛仙俏, 方德华, 等. 黑肩绿盲蝽成虫取食植物花后对下一代生长和捕食能力的影响 [J]. 中国植保导刊, 2013, 33 (10): 17-21]
Zhu PY, Wang GW, Zheng XS, et al. Selective enhancement of parasitoids of rice Lepidoptera pests by sesame (Sesamum indicum) flowers [J]. BioControl, 2015, 60 (2): 157-167.