精准扶贫与生态补偿的对接机制及典型途径——基于林业的案例分析
|
摘要
生态补偿是我国生态建设、环境保护领域的一项重要政策,精准扶贫是我国促进区域协调发展、确保贫困人口如期脱贫的重要举措,两者在客体、主体、载体、标准、方式及途径等方面存在对接点。国家提出"通过生态补偿脱贫一批",各区域也结合实际情况,将生态补偿与精准扶贫相结合开展了相关工作。当前,中国精准扶贫与生态补偿的对接途径主要有贫困人口与生态补偿对象、扶贫地域与生态补偿地区、产业扶贫与生态补偿措施、贫困程度与生态补偿标准、扶贫政策与生态补偿需求等方面的对接,各有其内涵及特征。为进一步促进精准扶贫与生态补偿的对接发展,可从加强理论研究、明晰对接方向及重点、夯实公众基础、创新发展途径等方面采取措施。
Eco-compensation is an important policy of ecological construction and environmental protection in China. Targeted poverty alleviation is also a significant measure to promote regional coordinated development and ensure that impoverished people can get rid of poverty on schedule. There are some coupling points between the two, such as objects,subjects, carriers, standards, ways and means. China has put forward "a set of poverty alleviation through eco-compensation". Many regions, in light of their actual situations, have also carried out relevant works by combining eco-compensation with targeted poverty alleviation. At present, there are some connections and coupling developments between targeted poverty alleviation and eco-compensation in China. The five typical coupling developments are shown in the following.(1) Coupling development between poor population and eco-compensation object. For the poor people with labor capacity, the government will employ them as forest rangers. As for the targets of poverty alleviation, they will be directly included in the scope of preferential policies of eco-compensation funds and receive subsidies under eco-compensation policies.(2) Coupling development between poverty alleviation region and eco-compensation area. In China, most of the poverty-stricken areas, such as concentrated areas with special difficulties, key counties for poverty alleviation and development, and poverty stricken villages, are distributed in ecologically fragile areas whose ecosystems are sensitive and need to be protected.(3) Coupling development between poverty alleviation industry and eco-compensation measure. The local governments guide the poor to realize green transfer of production, help the impoverished villages to adjust and optimize their industrial structure and transform the mode of economic development, train the impoverished households in planting and raising, and help them to develop special industries such as rural forest tourism, famous and special cash crops, farm recreation, and under-forest economy.(4)Coupling development between poverty intensity and eco-compensation standard. In China, we have implemented regional differential compensation policies, such as appropriately raising eco-compensation standards for poverty stricken villages and poor households, raising subsidies for ecological public welfare forests, and increasing the salaries of forest rangers, etc.In some regions, when determining the key poverty alleviation targets, we, in addition to considering poverty factors such as economic income, should also figure out whether these poverty alleviation targets undertake ecological construction tasks, such as ecological public welfare forest protection, and finally determine the corresponding compensation standards based on their ecological contribution.(5) Coupling development between poverty alleviation policy and eco-compensation requirement. In defining the object of poverty alleviation, priority should be given to the impoverished population who bear the task of public forest protection. In the arrangement of poverty alleviation funds and development funds, such as subsidies for returning farmland to forests and subsidies for under-forest economy arranged by various sectors, are preferentially inclined to the poorer households under the same conditions. In the key areas of poverty alleviation, priorities should be given to the fields of ecological environment construction and protection, the ecological industry development, and some other aspects which are closely related to eco-compensation policies. Each has its own connotation and characteristics. In order to further promote the coupling development between targeted poverty alleviation and eco-compensation in China, we can take measures in many aspects,such as strengthening theoretical researches, clearing the direction and focus of coupling,consolidating the public foundation, and innovating the development model.
Eco-compensation is an important policy of ecological construction and environmental protection in China. Targeted poverty alleviation is also a significant measure to promote regional coordinated development and ensure that impoverished people can get rid of poverty on schedule. There are some coupling points between the two, such as objects,subjects, carriers, standards, ways and means. China has put forward "a set of poverty alleviation through eco-compensation". Many regions, in light of their actual situations, have also carried out relevant works by combining eco-compensation with targeted poverty alleviation. At present, there are some connections and coupling developments between targeted poverty alleviation and eco-compensation in China. The five typical coupling developments are shown in the following.(1) Coupling development between poor population and eco-compensation object. For the poor people with labor capacity, the government will employ them as forest rangers. As for the targets of poverty alleviation, they will be directly included in the scope of preferential policies of eco-compensation funds and receive subsidies under eco-compensation policies.(2) Coupling development between poverty alleviation region and eco-compensation area. In China, most of the poverty-stricken areas, such as concentrated areas with special difficulties, key counties for poverty alleviation and development, and poverty stricken villages, are distributed in ecologically fragile areas whose ecosystems are sensitive and need to be protected.(3) Coupling development between poverty alleviation industry and eco-compensation measure. The local governments guide the poor to realize green transfer of production, help the impoverished villages to adjust and optimize their industrial structure and transform the mode of economic development, train the impoverished households in planting and raising, and help them to develop special industries such as rural forest tourism, famous and special cash crops, farm recreation, and under-forest economy.(4)Coupling development between poverty intensity and eco-compensation standard. In China, we have implemented regional differential compensation policies, such as appropriately raising eco-compensation standards for poverty stricken villages and poor households, raising subsidies for ecological public welfare forests, and increasing the salaries of forest rangers, etc.In some regions, when determining the key poverty alleviation targets, we, in addition to considering poverty factors such as economic income, should also figure out whether these poverty alleviation targets undertake ecological construction tasks, such as ecological public welfare forest protection, and finally determine the corresponding compensation standards based on their ecological contribution.(5) Coupling development between poverty alleviation policy and eco-compensation requirement. In defining the object of poverty alleviation, priority should be given to the impoverished population who bear the task of public forest protection. In the arrangement of poverty alleviation funds and development funds, such as subsidies for returning farmland to forests and subsidies for under-forest economy arranged by various sectors, are preferentially inclined to the poorer households under the same conditions. In the key areas of poverty alleviation, priorities should be given to the fields of ecological environment construction and protection, the ecological industry development, and some other aspects which are closely related to eco-compensation policies. Each has its own connotation and characteristics. In order to further promote the coupling development between targeted poverty alleviation and eco-compensation in China, we can take measures in many aspects,such as strengthening theoretical researches, clearing the direction and focus of coupling,consolidating the public foundation, and innovating the development model.
引文
[1]刘桂环.点绿成金:生态保护补偿助力精准脱贫. http://china.huanqiu.com/hot/2016-06/9107260.html?agt=15417,2016-06-30.[LIU G H. Green to gold:Eco-compensation help targeted poverty alleviation. http://china.huanqiu.com/hot/2016-06/9107260.html?agt=15417, 2016-05-31.]
[2]章力建,吕开宇,朱立志.实施生态扶贫战略提高生态建设和扶贫工作的整体效果.中国农业科技导报, 2008, 10(1):1-5.[ZHANG L J, LYU K Y, ZHU L Z. Implementing ecosystem oriented poverty elimination strategy to improve overall impact of ecological construction and poverty elimination. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2008, 10(1):1-5.]
[3]赵宁.“精准扶贫”背景下重点生态功能区市场化生态补偿法律机制创新.行政科学论坛, 2017,(2):47-51.[ZHAO N. Marketization eco-compensation legal mechanism innovation under the background of targeted poverty alleviation in key ecological function areas. Research of Administration Science, 2017,(2):47-51.]
[4]葛志军,邢成举.精准扶贫:内涵、实践困境及其原因阐释:基于宁夏银川两个村庄的调查.贵州社会科学, 2015,(5):157-163.[GE Z J, XING C J. Targeted poverty alleviation:Connotation, practical predicament and the reasons:Based on the investigation of two villages in Ningxia, Yinchuan. Guizhou Social Sciences, 2015,(5):157-163.]
[5]刘彦随.精准扶贫当依靠科学体系.人民日报, 2015-10-19(005).[LIU Y S. Targeted poverty alleviation should rely on the scientific system. Peoples's Daily, 2015-10-19(005).]
[6]刘桂莉,孔柠檬.中国连片特困区发展的特殊性及减贫路径优化:以赣南罗霄山为例.改革与战略, 2017, 33(3):104-107.[LIU G L, KONG N M. The particularity of contiguous poor areas in China and the optimization of poverty reduction path:Taking Luoxiaoshan in Jiangxi as example. Reformation&Strategy, 2017, 33(3):104-107.]
[7]李裕瑞,曹智,郑小玉,等.我国实施精准扶贫的区域模式与可持续途径.中国科学院院刊, 2016, 31(3):279-288.[LI Y R, CAO Z, ZHENG X Y, et al. Regional and sustainable approach for target-poverty alleviation and development of China. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016, 31(3):279-288.]
[8]宫留记.政府主导下市场化扶贫机制的构建与创新模式研究:基于精准扶贫视角.中国软科学, 2016,(5):154-162.[GONG L J. Research on marketization poverty alleviation mechanism in a context dominated by government:Perspective of precise poverty alleviation. China Soft Science, 2016,(5):154-162.]
[9]陈飞,卢建词.收入增长与分配结构扭曲的农村减贫效应研究.经济研究, 2014, 49(2):101-114.[CHEN F, LU J C.Research on rural poverty reduction effect of income growth and distribution structure distortion. Economic Research Journal, 2014, 49(2):101-114.]
[10]韦鸿,张全红.中国农村公共投资的减贫效果分析.经济问题, 2009,(9):81-85.[WEI H, ZHANG Q H. Analysis of the effect of rural public investment to reduce poverty in China. On Economic Problems, 2009,(9):81-85.]
[11]毛婧瑶,葛咏,赵中秋,等.武陵山贫困片区扶贫成效评价与空间格局分析.地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(3):334-342.[MAO J Y, GE Y, ZHAO Z Q, et al. Poverty alleviation evaluation and spatial pattern analysis of Wuling Mountain. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2016, 18(3):334-342.]
[12] MONTALVO J G, RAVALLION M. The pattern of growth and poverty reduction in China original research. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2010, 38(1):2-6.
[13]刘彦随,周扬,刘继来.中国农村贫困化地域分异特征及其精准扶贫策略.中国科学院院刊, 2016, 31(3):269-276.[LIU Y S, ZHOU Y, LIU J L. Regional differentiation characteristics of rural poverty and targeted poverty alleviation strategy in China. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016, 31(3):269-276.]
[14]沈茂英.四川藏区精准扶贫面临的多维约束与化解策略.农村经济, 2015,(6):62-66.[SHEN M Y. The multi-dimensional restraint and solution strategy of targeted poverty alleviation in Sichuan Tibetan Area. Rural Economy, 2015,(6):62-66.]
[15]刘慧,叶尔肯·吾扎提.中国西部地区生态扶贫策略研究.中国人口·资源与环境, 2013, 23(10):52-58.[LIU H,YERKEN W Z T. A strategy on eco-poverty alleviation in Western China. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2013, 23(10):52-58.]
[16]龙祖坤,杜倩文,周婷.武陵山区旅游扶贫效率的时间演进与空间分异.经济地理, 2015, 35(10):210-217.[LONG Z K, DU Q W, ZHOU T. The evolution of time and space differentiation of Wuling Mountain Area tourism poverty alleviation efficiency. Economic Geography, 2015, 35(10):210-217.]
[17] ZHAO W, RITCHIE J R B. Tourism and poverty alleviation:An integrative research frame work. Current Issues in Tourism, 2007, 10(2-3):119-143.
[18] JOB H, PAESLER F. Links between nature-based tourism, protected areas, poverty alleviation and crises:The example of Wasini Island(Kenya). Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 2013,(1-2):18-28.
[19]夏振洲.小额扶贫贷款风险控制及优化路径.西南金融, 2017,(3):1-4.[XIA Z Z. Risk control and optimization path of small loans for poverty alleviation. Southwest Finance, 2017,(3):1-4.]
[20]刘朋虎,仇秀丽,罗旭辉,等.水土流失区高效生态农业与精准扶贫技术协同创新思路及对策.台湾农业探索, 2016,(2):43-47.[LIU P H, QIU X L, LUO X H, et al. Collaborative innovation thought of high efficient ecological agriculture and precise poverty alleviation in soil erosion areas and its countermeasures. Taiwan Agricultural Research, 2016,(2):43-47.]
[21]周常春,刘剑锋,石振杰.贫困县农村治理“内卷化”与参与式扶贫关系研究:来自云南扶贫调查的实证.公共管理学报, 2016, 13(1):81-91, 156-157.[ZHOU C C, LIU J F, SHI Z J. Research on the relationship between poverty rural governance involution and participatory poverty reduction:A case study in Yunnan province. Journal of Public Management, 2016, 13(1):81-91, 156-157.]
[22]陈传明.福建武夷山国家级自然保护区生态补偿机制研究.地理科学, 2011, 31(5):594-599.[CHEN C M. Ecological compensation mechanism in Wuyishan National Nature Reserve of Fujian province, China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2011, 31(5):594-599.]
[23]张落成,李青,武清华.天目湖流域生态补偿标准核算探讨.自然资源学报, 2011, 26(3):412-418.[ZHANG L C, LI Q, WU Q H. Evaluation on the ecological compensation in Tianmu Lake. Journal of Natural Resources, 2011, 26(3):412-418.]
[24]刘春腊,刘卫东,徐美.基于生态价值当量的中国省域生态补偿额度研究.资源科学, 2014, 36(1):148-155.[LIU C L, LIU W D, XU M. The provincial eco-compensation standard of China based on ecological value equivalents. Resources Science, 2014, 36(1):148-155.]
[25]李宁,丁四保.我国建立和完善区际生态补偿机制的制度建设初探.中国人口·资源与环境, 2009, 19(1):146-149.[LI N, DING S B. Institutional construction of establishing and improving inter-regional eco-compensation mechanism in China. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2009, 19(1):146-149.]
[26]孙新章,周海林,张新民.中国全面建立生态补偿制度的基础与阶段推进论.资源科学, 2009, 31(8):1349-1354.[SUN X Z, ZHOU H L, ZHANGH X M. The necessary conditions and grading development theory for improving the eco-compensation system in China. Resources Science, 2009, 31(8):1349-1354.]
[27]侯成成,赵雪雁,张丽,等.生态补偿对区域发展影响研究的进展.中国农学通报, 2011, 27(11):104-107.[HOU C C,ZHAO X Y, ZHANG L, et al. Advances on the impacts of ecological compensation to regional development. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(11):104-107.]
[28]彭敬.生态保护型贫困人口的生存发展状况及脱贫对策.决策咨询, 2016,(5):92-96.[PENG J. The survival status and development countermeasures of ecological protection poverty population. Decision-Making&Consultancy, 2016,(5):92-96.]
[29]刘解龙.论绿色发展时代的精准扶贫精准脱贫.贵州省党校学报, 2016,(5):92-98.[LIU J L. Targeted poverty alleviation during green development. Journal of Guizhou Provincial Party School, 2016,(5):92-98.]
[30]郴州市林业局.发挥生态补偿优势支持精准扶贫工作的建议.郴州林业简报, 2016-05-18.[Chenzhou Forestry Bureau. Play the advantages of eco-compensation to support targeted poverty alleviation. Chenzhou Forestry Bulletin,2016-05-18.]
[31]武川县林业局,武川县扶贫办.武川县2016-2017年生态保护脱贫实施办法(试行). http://nmg.sina.com.cn/news/wuchuan/2016-01-22/detail-ifxnuvxc1618832.shtml, 2016-01-22.[Wuchuan County Forestry Bureau, Wuchuan County Poverty Alleviation Office. Measures for the implementation of ecological protection poverty alleviation on Wuchuan county from 2016 to 2017(Trial). http://nmg.sina.com.cn/news/wuchuan/2016-01-22/detail-ifxnuvxc1618832.shtml,2016-01-22.]
[32]桑珠孜区网信办.桑珠孜区聂日雄乡发放精准扶贫生态岗位补偿资金. http://www.xzrkz.gov.cn/cgyw_1854/201701/t20170118_1663322.html, 2017-01-18.[Sangzhuzi District Network Information Office. Nierixiong township, Sangzhuzi district, handed out precise poverty eco-compensation funds. http://www.xzrkz.gov.cn/cgyw_1854/201701/t20170118_1663322.html, 2017-01-18.]
[33]王少仑.乾县聘用100名精准脱贫户担任护林员. http://www.xianyang.gov.cn/xyxw/gxdt/360308.htm, 2016-07-29.[WANG S L. Qianxian county handed out ecological poverty alleviation funds 745100 yuan. http://www.xianyang.gov.cn/xyxw/gxdt/360308.htm, 2016-07-29.]
[34]宁强林业生态保护与群众增收实现双赢.汉中日报, 2017-07-27.[ANONYMITY. Forestry ecological protection and people increase income achieved win-win situation in Ningqiang. Hanzhong Daily, 2017-07-27.]
[35]廖雪梅.助力生态文明建设重庆完善生态补偿机制.重庆日报, 2018-10-10.[LIAO X M. To promot the construction of ecological civilization, Chongqing improved the mechanism of eco-compensation. Chongqing Daily, 2018-10-10.]
[36]欧阳朔,陈骁勇.“森林郴州”建设有重大进展.郴州日报, 2011-03-05(A01).[OUYANG S, CHEN X Y. Great progress has been made in the construction of"forest Chenzhou". Chenzhou Daily, 2011-03-05(A01).]
[37]崔佳,王嫚.重庆:林业扶贫在“保生态”中“促增收”. http://cq.people.com.cn/n2/2016/0728/c365401-28744579.html,2016-07-28.[CUI J, WANG M. Chongqing:Forestry poverty alleviation promote income in ecological protection. http://cq.people.com.cn/n2/2016/0728/c365401-28744579.html, 2016-07-28.]
[38]张杨.精准扶贫,四川林业情暖山区.中国绿色时报, 2017-01-03.[ZHANG Y. Targeted poverty alleviation, Sichuan forestry warms mountain. China Green Times, 2017-01-03.]
[39]王永锋.陕西首批生态护林员正式上岗. http://esb.sxdaily.com.cn/sxrb/20161024/html/page_01_content_008.htm,2016-10-24.[WANG Y F. In Shaanxi, the first ecological forest rangers start working. http://esb.sxdaily.com.cn/sxrb/20161024/html/page_01_content_008.htm, 2016-10-24.]
[40]付小海.凤冈:精准扶贫谱华章一枝一叶总关情. http://gz.people.com.cn/n2/2018/0711/c361324-31803141-6.html,2018-07-11.[FU X H. Fenggang:Accurate poverty alleviation came into fruition. http://gz.people.com.cn/n2/2018/0711/c361324-31803141-6.html, 2018-07-11.]
[41]田世远.南丹生态补偿助力精准扶贫.河池日报, 2016-11-03.[TIAN S Y. Eco-compensation help targeted poverty alleviation in Nandan county. Hechi Daily, 2016-11-03.]
[42]陈生真,李静.吉首生态保护补偿助力精准脱贫. http://news.xxnet.com.cn/h/23/20161013/102676.html, 2016-10-13.[CHEN S Z, LI J. Eco-compensation help targeted poverty alleviation in Jishou. http://news.xxnet.com.cn/h/23/20161013/102676.html, 2016-10-13.]
[43]焦玉海,杨洁.保护生态与精准脱贫的双赢之策:林业推进精准扶贫精准脱贫综述.中国绿色时报, 2017-03-24.[JIAO Y H, YANG J. A win-win strategy for ecological protection and accurate poverty alleviation:Summary on forestry promoting accurate poverty alleviation. China Green Times, 2017-03-24.]
[44]铜仁市林业局.铜仁市出台2016年林业生态补偿脱贫实施方案. http://www.gywb.cn/content/2016-05/10/content_4907308.htm, 2016-05-10.[Tongren Forestry Bureau. Tongren come up with poverty alleviation scheme based on forestry eco-compensation in 2016. http://www.gywb.cn/content/2016-05/10/content_4907308.htm, 2016-05-10.]
[45]富宁县政府办.富宁县实行五个一批打造生态补偿助精准脱贫. http://www.ynws.gov.cn/info/1625/158321.htm,2016-09-18.[Funing County Government Office. Funing county carry out the five batches, eco-compensation help targeted poverty alleviation. http://www.ynws.gov.cn/info/1625/158321.htm, 2016-09-18.]
[46]黄鹏欢.都安石漠化治理与扶贫开发实现双赢.河池日报, 2017-03-21.[HUANG P H. Du'an had achieved a win-win of rocky desertification and poverty alleviation. Hechi Daily, 2017-03-21.]
[47]广州白云区扶贫帮困生态补偿因地制宜综合施策.南方日报, 2014-09-01. http://eelib.zslib.com.cn/showArticle.asp?ID=28207&ArticlePage=1.[Baiyun district in Guangzhou, take a holistic approach on targeted poverty alleviation and eco-compensation according to local conditions. Nanfang Daily, 2014-09-01. http://eelib.zslib.com.cn/showArticle.asp?ID=28207&ArticlePage=1]
[48]江西生态补偿机制建设迈出积极步伐.经济日报, 2013-09-25. http://www.chinanews.com/ny/2013/09-25/5321325.shtml.[Jiangxi eco-compensation mechanism had taken positive steps. Economic Daily, 2013-09-25. http://www.chinanews.com/ny/2013/09-25/5321325.shtml.]
[49]荣丽君.大通精准发力加快脱贫攻坚步伐.西宁晚报, 2016-10-14.[RONG L J. Datong precision force to accelerate the pace of poverty alleviation. Xining Evening News, 2016-10-14.]
[50]中共佛坪县委办公室.关于印发佛坪县整县脱贫攻坚实施方案的通知. http://www.foping.gov.cn/xxgk/xxgkml/zcwj/201602/t20160203_265486.html, 2016-02-03.[Foping County Office. Notice on the implementation plan to poverty alleviation of the entire county in Foping. http://www.foping.gov.cn/xxgk/xxgkml/zcwj/201602/t20160203_265486.html,2016-02-03.]
[51]刘雪红.贵州精准扶贫的黔南实践.新华网, 2016-04-06.[LIU X H. Guizhou's practice of poverty alleviation in Qiannan. Xinhua Net, 2016-04-06.]
[52]韦修龙.广南县建立生态补偿机制助力精准扶贫.广南县人民政府网, 2016-06-08.[WEI X L. Guangnan county established eco-compensation mechanism to help targeted precise poverty. People's Government Network of Guangnan county, 2016-06-08.]
[2]章力建,吕开宇,朱立志.实施生态扶贫战略提高生态建设和扶贫工作的整体效果.中国农业科技导报, 2008, 10(1):1-5.[ZHANG L J, LYU K Y, ZHU L Z. Implementing ecosystem oriented poverty elimination strategy to improve overall impact of ecological construction and poverty elimination. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2008, 10(1):1-5.]
[3]赵宁.“精准扶贫”背景下重点生态功能区市场化生态补偿法律机制创新.行政科学论坛, 2017,(2):47-51.[ZHAO N. Marketization eco-compensation legal mechanism innovation under the background of targeted poverty alleviation in key ecological function areas. Research of Administration Science, 2017,(2):47-51.]
[4]葛志军,邢成举.精准扶贫:内涵、实践困境及其原因阐释:基于宁夏银川两个村庄的调查.贵州社会科学, 2015,(5):157-163.[GE Z J, XING C J. Targeted poverty alleviation:Connotation, practical predicament and the reasons:Based on the investigation of two villages in Ningxia, Yinchuan. Guizhou Social Sciences, 2015,(5):157-163.]
[5]刘彦随.精准扶贫当依靠科学体系.人民日报, 2015-10-19(005).[LIU Y S. Targeted poverty alleviation should rely on the scientific system. Peoples's Daily, 2015-10-19(005).]
[6]刘桂莉,孔柠檬.中国连片特困区发展的特殊性及减贫路径优化:以赣南罗霄山为例.改革与战略, 2017, 33(3):104-107.[LIU G L, KONG N M. The particularity of contiguous poor areas in China and the optimization of poverty reduction path:Taking Luoxiaoshan in Jiangxi as example. Reformation&Strategy, 2017, 33(3):104-107.]
[7]李裕瑞,曹智,郑小玉,等.我国实施精准扶贫的区域模式与可持续途径.中国科学院院刊, 2016, 31(3):279-288.[LI Y R, CAO Z, ZHENG X Y, et al. Regional and sustainable approach for target-poverty alleviation and development of China. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016, 31(3):279-288.]
[8]宫留记.政府主导下市场化扶贫机制的构建与创新模式研究:基于精准扶贫视角.中国软科学, 2016,(5):154-162.[GONG L J. Research on marketization poverty alleviation mechanism in a context dominated by government:Perspective of precise poverty alleviation. China Soft Science, 2016,(5):154-162.]
[9]陈飞,卢建词.收入增长与分配结构扭曲的农村减贫效应研究.经济研究, 2014, 49(2):101-114.[CHEN F, LU J C.Research on rural poverty reduction effect of income growth and distribution structure distortion. Economic Research Journal, 2014, 49(2):101-114.]
[10]韦鸿,张全红.中国农村公共投资的减贫效果分析.经济问题, 2009,(9):81-85.[WEI H, ZHANG Q H. Analysis of the effect of rural public investment to reduce poverty in China. On Economic Problems, 2009,(9):81-85.]
[11]毛婧瑶,葛咏,赵中秋,等.武陵山贫困片区扶贫成效评价与空间格局分析.地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(3):334-342.[MAO J Y, GE Y, ZHAO Z Q, et al. Poverty alleviation evaluation and spatial pattern analysis of Wuling Mountain. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2016, 18(3):334-342.]
[12] MONTALVO J G, RAVALLION M. The pattern of growth and poverty reduction in China original research. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2010, 38(1):2-6.
[13]刘彦随,周扬,刘继来.中国农村贫困化地域分异特征及其精准扶贫策略.中国科学院院刊, 2016, 31(3):269-276.[LIU Y S, ZHOU Y, LIU J L. Regional differentiation characteristics of rural poverty and targeted poverty alleviation strategy in China. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016, 31(3):269-276.]
[14]沈茂英.四川藏区精准扶贫面临的多维约束与化解策略.农村经济, 2015,(6):62-66.[SHEN M Y. The multi-dimensional restraint and solution strategy of targeted poverty alleviation in Sichuan Tibetan Area. Rural Economy, 2015,(6):62-66.]
[15]刘慧,叶尔肯·吾扎提.中国西部地区生态扶贫策略研究.中国人口·资源与环境, 2013, 23(10):52-58.[LIU H,YERKEN W Z T. A strategy on eco-poverty alleviation in Western China. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2013, 23(10):52-58.]
[16]龙祖坤,杜倩文,周婷.武陵山区旅游扶贫效率的时间演进与空间分异.经济地理, 2015, 35(10):210-217.[LONG Z K, DU Q W, ZHOU T. The evolution of time and space differentiation of Wuling Mountain Area tourism poverty alleviation efficiency. Economic Geography, 2015, 35(10):210-217.]
[17] ZHAO W, RITCHIE J R B. Tourism and poverty alleviation:An integrative research frame work. Current Issues in Tourism, 2007, 10(2-3):119-143.
[18] JOB H, PAESLER F. Links between nature-based tourism, protected areas, poverty alleviation and crises:The example of Wasini Island(Kenya). Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 2013,(1-2):18-28.
[19]夏振洲.小额扶贫贷款风险控制及优化路径.西南金融, 2017,(3):1-4.[XIA Z Z. Risk control and optimization path of small loans for poverty alleviation. Southwest Finance, 2017,(3):1-4.]
[20]刘朋虎,仇秀丽,罗旭辉,等.水土流失区高效生态农业与精准扶贫技术协同创新思路及对策.台湾农业探索, 2016,(2):43-47.[LIU P H, QIU X L, LUO X H, et al. Collaborative innovation thought of high efficient ecological agriculture and precise poverty alleviation in soil erosion areas and its countermeasures. Taiwan Agricultural Research, 2016,(2):43-47.]
[21]周常春,刘剑锋,石振杰.贫困县农村治理“内卷化”与参与式扶贫关系研究:来自云南扶贫调查的实证.公共管理学报, 2016, 13(1):81-91, 156-157.[ZHOU C C, LIU J F, SHI Z J. Research on the relationship between poverty rural governance involution and participatory poverty reduction:A case study in Yunnan province. Journal of Public Management, 2016, 13(1):81-91, 156-157.]
[22]陈传明.福建武夷山国家级自然保护区生态补偿机制研究.地理科学, 2011, 31(5):594-599.[CHEN C M. Ecological compensation mechanism in Wuyishan National Nature Reserve of Fujian province, China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2011, 31(5):594-599.]
[23]张落成,李青,武清华.天目湖流域生态补偿标准核算探讨.自然资源学报, 2011, 26(3):412-418.[ZHANG L C, LI Q, WU Q H. Evaluation on the ecological compensation in Tianmu Lake. Journal of Natural Resources, 2011, 26(3):412-418.]
[24]刘春腊,刘卫东,徐美.基于生态价值当量的中国省域生态补偿额度研究.资源科学, 2014, 36(1):148-155.[LIU C L, LIU W D, XU M. The provincial eco-compensation standard of China based on ecological value equivalents. Resources Science, 2014, 36(1):148-155.]
[25]李宁,丁四保.我国建立和完善区际生态补偿机制的制度建设初探.中国人口·资源与环境, 2009, 19(1):146-149.[LI N, DING S B. Institutional construction of establishing and improving inter-regional eco-compensation mechanism in China. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2009, 19(1):146-149.]
[26]孙新章,周海林,张新民.中国全面建立生态补偿制度的基础与阶段推进论.资源科学, 2009, 31(8):1349-1354.[SUN X Z, ZHOU H L, ZHANGH X M. The necessary conditions and grading development theory for improving the eco-compensation system in China. Resources Science, 2009, 31(8):1349-1354.]
[27]侯成成,赵雪雁,张丽,等.生态补偿对区域发展影响研究的进展.中国农学通报, 2011, 27(11):104-107.[HOU C C,ZHAO X Y, ZHANG L, et al. Advances on the impacts of ecological compensation to regional development. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(11):104-107.]
[28]彭敬.生态保护型贫困人口的生存发展状况及脱贫对策.决策咨询, 2016,(5):92-96.[PENG J. The survival status and development countermeasures of ecological protection poverty population. Decision-Making&Consultancy, 2016,(5):92-96.]
[29]刘解龙.论绿色发展时代的精准扶贫精准脱贫.贵州省党校学报, 2016,(5):92-98.[LIU J L. Targeted poverty alleviation during green development. Journal of Guizhou Provincial Party School, 2016,(5):92-98.]
[30]郴州市林业局.发挥生态补偿优势支持精准扶贫工作的建议.郴州林业简报, 2016-05-18.[Chenzhou Forestry Bureau. Play the advantages of eco-compensation to support targeted poverty alleviation. Chenzhou Forestry Bulletin,2016-05-18.]
[31]武川县林业局,武川县扶贫办.武川县2016-2017年生态保护脱贫实施办法(试行). http://nmg.sina.com.cn/news/wuchuan/2016-01-22/detail-ifxnuvxc1618832.shtml, 2016-01-22.[Wuchuan County Forestry Bureau, Wuchuan County Poverty Alleviation Office. Measures for the implementation of ecological protection poverty alleviation on Wuchuan county from 2016 to 2017(Trial). http://nmg.sina.com.cn/news/wuchuan/2016-01-22/detail-ifxnuvxc1618832.shtml,2016-01-22.]
[32]桑珠孜区网信办.桑珠孜区聂日雄乡发放精准扶贫生态岗位补偿资金. http://www.xzrkz.gov.cn/cgyw_1854/201701/t20170118_1663322.html, 2017-01-18.[Sangzhuzi District Network Information Office. Nierixiong township, Sangzhuzi district, handed out precise poverty eco-compensation funds. http://www.xzrkz.gov.cn/cgyw_1854/201701/t20170118_1663322.html, 2017-01-18.]
[33]王少仑.乾县聘用100名精准脱贫户担任护林员. http://www.xianyang.gov.cn/xyxw/gxdt/360308.htm, 2016-07-29.[WANG S L. Qianxian county handed out ecological poverty alleviation funds 745100 yuan. http://www.xianyang.gov.cn/xyxw/gxdt/360308.htm, 2016-07-29.]
[34]宁强林业生态保护与群众增收实现双赢.汉中日报, 2017-07-27.[ANONYMITY. Forestry ecological protection and people increase income achieved win-win situation in Ningqiang. Hanzhong Daily, 2017-07-27.]
[35]廖雪梅.助力生态文明建设重庆完善生态补偿机制.重庆日报, 2018-10-10.[LIAO X M. To promot the construction of ecological civilization, Chongqing improved the mechanism of eco-compensation. Chongqing Daily, 2018-10-10.]
[36]欧阳朔,陈骁勇.“森林郴州”建设有重大进展.郴州日报, 2011-03-05(A01).[OUYANG S, CHEN X Y. Great progress has been made in the construction of"forest Chenzhou". Chenzhou Daily, 2011-03-05(A01).]
[37]崔佳,王嫚.重庆:林业扶贫在“保生态”中“促增收”. http://cq.people.com.cn/n2/2016/0728/c365401-28744579.html,2016-07-28.[CUI J, WANG M. Chongqing:Forestry poverty alleviation promote income in ecological protection. http://cq.people.com.cn/n2/2016/0728/c365401-28744579.html, 2016-07-28.]
[38]张杨.精准扶贫,四川林业情暖山区.中国绿色时报, 2017-01-03.[ZHANG Y. Targeted poverty alleviation, Sichuan forestry warms mountain. China Green Times, 2017-01-03.]
[39]王永锋.陕西首批生态护林员正式上岗. http://esb.sxdaily.com.cn/sxrb/20161024/html/page_01_content_008.htm,2016-10-24.[WANG Y F. In Shaanxi, the first ecological forest rangers start working. http://esb.sxdaily.com.cn/sxrb/20161024/html/page_01_content_008.htm, 2016-10-24.]
[40]付小海.凤冈:精准扶贫谱华章一枝一叶总关情. http://gz.people.com.cn/n2/2018/0711/c361324-31803141-6.html,2018-07-11.[FU X H. Fenggang:Accurate poverty alleviation came into fruition. http://gz.people.com.cn/n2/2018/0711/c361324-31803141-6.html, 2018-07-11.]
[41]田世远.南丹生态补偿助力精准扶贫.河池日报, 2016-11-03.[TIAN S Y. Eco-compensation help targeted poverty alleviation in Nandan county. Hechi Daily, 2016-11-03.]
[42]陈生真,李静.吉首生态保护补偿助力精准脱贫. http://news.xxnet.com.cn/h/23/20161013/102676.html, 2016-10-13.[CHEN S Z, LI J. Eco-compensation help targeted poverty alleviation in Jishou. http://news.xxnet.com.cn/h/23/20161013/102676.html, 2016-10-13.]
[43]焦玉海,杨洁.保护生态与精准脱贫的双赢之策:林业推进精准扶贫精准脱贫综述.中国绿色时报, 2017-03-24.[JIAO Y H, YANG J. A win-win strategy for ecological protection and accurate poverty alleviation:Summary on forestry promoting accurate poverty alleviation. China Green Times, 2017-03-24.]
[44]铜仁市林业局.铜仁市出台2016年林业生态补偿脱贫实施方案. http://www.gywb.cn/content/2016-05/10/content_4907308.htm, 2016-05-10.[Tongren Forestry Bureau. Tongren come up with poverty alleviation scheme based on forestry eco-compensation in 2016. http://www.gywb.cn/content/2016-05/10/content_4907308.htm, 2016-05-10.]
[45]富宁县政府办.富宁县实行五个一批打造生态补偿助精准脱贫. http://www.ynws.gov.cn/info/1625/158321.htm,2016-09-18.[Funing County Government Office. Funing county carry out the five batches, eco-compensation help targeted poverty alleviation. http://www.ynws.gov.cn/info/1625/158321.htm, 2016-09-18.]
[46]黄鹏欢.都安石漠化治理与扶贫开发实现双赢.河池日报, 2017-03-21.[HUANG P H. Du'an had achieved a win-win of rocky desertification and poverty alleviation. Hechi Daily, 2017-03-21.]
[47]广州白云区扶贫帮困生态补偿因地制宜综合施策.南方日报, 2014-09-01. http://eelib.zslib.com.cn/showArticle.asp?ID=28207&ArticlePage=1.[Baiyun district in Guangzhou, take a holistic approach on targeted poverty alleviation and eco-compensation according to local conditions. Nanfang Daily, 2014-09-01. http://eelib.zslib.com.cn/showArticle.asp?ID=28207&ArticlePage=1]
[48]江西生态补偿机制建设迈出积极步伐.经济日报, 2013-09-25. http://www.chinanews.com/ny/2013/09-25/5321325.shtml.[Jiangxi eco-compensation mechanism had taken positive steps. Economic Daily, 2013-09-25. http://www.chinanews.com/ny/2013/09-25/5321325.shtml.]
[49]荣丽君.大通精准发力加快脱贫攻坚步伐.西宁晚报, 2016-10-14.[RONG L J. Datong precision force to accelerate the pace of poverty alleviation. Xining Evening News, 2016-10-14.]
[50]中共佛坪县委办公室.关于印发佛坪县整县脱贫攻坚实施方案的通知. http://www.foping.gov.cn/xxgk/xxgkml/zcwj/201602/t20160203_265486.html, 2016-02-03.[Foping County Office. Notice on the implementation plan to poverty alleviation of the entire county in Foping. http://www.foping.gov.cn/xxgk/xxgkml/zcwj/201602/t20160203_265486.html,2016-02-03.]
[51]刘雪红.贵州精准扶贫的黔南实践.新华网, 2016-04-06.[LIU X H. Guizhou's practice of poverty alleviation in Qiannan. Xinhua Net, 2016-04-06.]
[52]韦修龙.广南县建立生态补偿机制助力精准扶贫.广南县人民政府网, 2016-06-08.[WEI X L. Guangnan county established eco-compensation mechanism to help targeted precise poverty. People's Government Network of Guangnan county, 2016-06-08.]