叶片进排气边光学测量系统的实现
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摘要
针对航空发动机叶片进排气边的制造精度和一致性较差等问题,搭建了非接触式的叶片进排气边光学测量系统,以实现叶片进排气边的几何尺寸和轮廓形状的快速精确测量。该系统以传统的三坐标测量机框架为平台,采用由两个互成一定角度的新型激光扫描测头构成的专用测头作为前端传感器,并且内置了多种数据后置处理算法。在测量过程中,在每个叶片截面的进排气边处选取5条截线,分别测量这5条截线上的轮廓信息,从而确定叶片进排气边的几何尺寸和加工余量。该系统可以作为叶片加工系统的组成部分,从而将叶片的设计、制造和测量3个环节紧密地联系在一起。最后,应用该系统对某一精锻叶片的3个等高截面上的进排气边进行了多次测量实验,结果验证了所搭建的叶片进排气边光学测量系统的实用性和有效性,而且测量结果的重复性精度能够满足系统的设计要求和叶片进排气边的检测需求。该项研究为叶片进排气边的加工质量提供了一种高效率、高精度和高一致性的评定手段。
For the low accuracy and bad consistency of blade edges in aero engines,a non-contact optical measuring system was established to measure the geometric dimensions and contour shapes of blade edges in a rapid and accurate way.In the system,a traditional coordinate measuring machine was taken as a platform,a special sensing device composed of two laser scanning sensors fixed at a certain angle to each other was taken as the front-end sensor and several data post-processing algorithms were integrated.In the measuring procedure,five transversals at the leading and trailing edges were selected and their contour information was measured to determine the geometric dimensions and machining allowance of the measured blade edges.The system could be used as a component of the manufacturing system to link the segments of designing,manufacturing and measuring of blades together.Finally,the leading and trailing edges of three sections of a blade after precision forging aremeasured by the system.The measuring results verify the effectiveness and practicability of the optical measuring system and show that the repeatability of the system meets the requirements for design and measuring of blade edges.In conclusion,the system could serve as an evaluating means for the machining quality of the leading and trailing edges of blades.
For the low accuracy and bad consistency of blade edges in aero engines,a non-contact optical measuring system was established to measure the geometric dimensions and contour shapes of blade edges in a rapid and accurate way.In the system,a traditional coordinate measuring machine was taken as a platform,a special sensing device composed of two laser scanning sensors fixed at a certain angle to each other was taken as the front-end sensor and several data post-processing algorithms were integrated.In the measuring procedure,five transversals at the leading and trailing edges were selected and their contour information was measured to determine the geometric dimensions and machining allowance of the measured blade edges.The system could be used as a component of the manufacturing system to link the segments of designing,manufacturing and measuring of blades together.Finally,the leading and trailing edges of three sections of a blade after precision forging aremeasured by the system.The measuring results verify the effectiveness and practicability of the optical measuring system and show that the repeatability of the system meets the requirements for design and measuring of blade edges.In conclusion,the system could serve as an evaluating means for the machining quality of the leading and trailing edges of blades.
引文
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[12]李兵,孙彬,陈磊,等.激光位移传感器在自由曲面测量中的应用[J].光学精密工程,2015,23(7):1939-1947.LI B,SUN B,CHEN L,et al..Application of laser displacement sensor to free-form surface measurement[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2015,23(7):1939-1947.(in Chinese)
[13]毕超,房建国,刘京亮,等.基于球形目标的激光位移传感器光束方向标定[J].光学精密工程,2015,23(3):678-685.BI CH,FANG J G,LIU J L,et al..Calibration of beam direction of laser displacement sensor based on spherical target[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2015,23(3):678-685.(in Chinese)
[14]LIN A C,CHANG H C.Automatic 3Dmeasuring system for optical scanning of axial fan blades[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2011,57(5-8):701-717.
[15]于浩,张建明,庞长涛,等.基于点云配准算法的叶片进排气边测量技术研究[J].航空精密制造技术,2014,50(1):23-26.YU H,ZHANG J M,PANG CH T,et al..Research on blade edge measuring techniques based on points cloud registration[J].Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology,2014,50(1):23-26.(in Chinese)
[2]房建国,马艳玲,李迪,等.发动机叶片椭圆进排气边智能磨削加工检测一体化技术[J].航空精密制造技术,2016,52(6):1-6,12.FANG J G,MA Y L,LI D,et al..Intelligent method of machining-measuring integration for aeroengine elliptical blade-edges[J].Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology,2016,52(6):1-6,12.(in Chinese)
[3]裴景东,汪文虎,王姝,等.叶片基元叶型椭圆形前缘拟合方法[J].计算机工程与应用,2015,51(3):243-246.PEI J D,WANG W H,WANG SH,et al..Elliptical leading edge fitting strategy of elementary blade profile[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2015,51(3):243-246.(in Chinese)
[4]陈雷,陈江,赵石磊,等.叶片前缘形状对涡轮气动性能的影响[J].航空动力学报,2013,28(4):921-929.CHEN L,CHEN J,ZHAO SH L,et al..Effect of blade leading edge on aerodynamic performance of turbine[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2013,28(4):921-929.(in Chinese)
[5]LIU J,ZHAO J,YANG X,et al..A reconstruction algorithm for blade surface based on less measured points[J].International Journal of Aerospace Engineering,2015,2015:431824.
[6]张春,宁涛,沈云超,等.平底刀底面加工叶片进排气边[J].图学学报,2015,36(6):834-839.ZHANG CH,NING T,SHEN Y CH,et al..Machining the leading and trailing surface of turbine blades by the bottom of the flat-end cutter[J].Journal of Graphics,2015,36(6):834-839.(in Chinese)
[7]SUN B,LI B.A rapid method to achieve aero-engine blade form detection[J].Sensors,2015,15(12):12782-12801.
[8]蔺小军,单晨伟,王增强,等.航空发动机叶片型面三坐标测量机测量技术[J].计算机集成制造系统,2012,18(1):125-131.LIN X J,SHAN CH W,WANG Z Q,et al..Measurement techniques of coordinate measuring machine for blade surface of aero-engine[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2012,18(1):125-131.(in Chinese)
[9]向志聪,胡忠,白玉磊,等.高精度测量燃气轮机叶片前缘的三维轮廓[J].航空动力学报,2016,31(7):1761-1765.XIANG ZH C,HU ZH,BAI Y L,et al..Highprecision measurement for the three-dimensional profile of gas turbine blade’s leading edge[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2016,31(7):1761-1765.(in Chinese)
[10]VUYE C,VANLANDUIT S,PRESEZNIAK F,et al..Optical measurement of the dynamic strain field of a fan blade using a 3Dscanning vibrometer[J].Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2011,49(7):988-997.
[11]MOUSSAVI S A,BENISI A H,DURALI M.Effect of splitter leading edge location on performance of an automotive turbocharger compressor[J].Energy,2017,123:511-520.
[12]李兵,孙彬,陈磊,等.激光位移传感器在自由曲面测量中的应用[J].光学精密工程,2015,23(7):1939-1947.LI B,SUN B,CHEN L,et al..Application of laser displacement sensor to free-form surface measurement[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2015,23(7):1939-1947.(in Chinese)
[13]毕超,房建国,刘京亮,等.基于球形目标的激光位移传感器光束方向标定[J].光学精密工程,2015,23(3):678-685.BI CH,FANG J G,LIU J L,et al..Calibration of beam direction of laser displacement sensor based on spherical target[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2015,23(3):678-685.(in Chinese)
[14]LIN A C,CHANG H C.Automatic 3Dmeasuring system for optical scanning of axial fan blades[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2011,57(5-8):701-717.
[15]于浩,张建明,庞长涛,等.基于点云配准算法的叶片进排气边测量技术研究[J].航空精密制造技术,2014,50(1):23-26.YU H,ZHANG J M,PANG CH T,et al..Research on blade edge measuring techniques based on points cloud registration[J].Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology,2014,50(1):23-26.(in Chinese)