双圆盘开沟器结构参数对作业性能影响研究
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摘要
双圆盘开沟器是免耕播种机的核心部件,影响着播种机的作业性能。为了改善开沟器播种深度稳定性和减小开沟阻力,通过分析双圆盘开沟器的结构特点,确定圆盘直径、圆盘夹角是影响播种深度稳定性和开沟阻力的主要参数。通过变换双圆盘开沟器圆盘直径及圆盘夹角进行室内土槽试验,测量其对开沟阻力的影响;通过田间试验测量了不同圆盘直径、夹角对播种深度稳定性的影响。结果表明:随着双圆盘开沟器圆盘直径和圆盘夹角增大,开沟阻力呈现线性增大趋势;随着圆盘直径及夹角的增大,播种深度稳定性呈现先增大后降低趋势;当圆盘直径为300 mm、圆盘夹角为14°时播种深度稳定性最好。该研究为双圆盘开沟器的优化及选用提供理论依据。
The double discs opener is the core part of the no-tillage planter,which affects the operation performance of the planter. In order to improve the sowing depth stability of the opener and reduce the ditching resistance. In this paper,analyzing the structural characteristics of the double discs opener,the diameter of the disc and the angle of the disc are the main parameters that affect the depth of seeding and the ditching resistance. Through changing the disc opener which disc diameter and the angle of the disc,the indoor soil bin test was carried out to measure the influence on the ditching resistance; The influence of the diameter and angle of the disc on the stability of seeding depth was measured by field test. The results show that: with the increase of double disk opener disc diameter and disc angle,ditching resistance gradually increases and showing a linear increasing trend; With the increase of disc diameter and the angle of the disc,the stability of seeding depth showed increase first and then decrease; When the disc diameter is 300 mm and the disc angle is14 °,the sowing depth of the best stability,the purpose is to provide theoretical basis for the optimization and selection of double discs opener.
The double discs opener is the core part of the no-tillage planter,which affects the operation performance of the planter. In order to improve the sowing depth stability of the opener and reduce the ditching resistance. In this paper,analyzing the structural characteristics of the double discs opener,the diameter of the disc and the angle of the disc are the main parameters that affect the depth of seeding and the ditching resistance. Through changing the disc opener which disc diameter and the angle of the disc,the indoor soil bin test was carried out to measure the influence on the ditching resistance; The influence of the diameter and angle of the disc on the stability of seeding depth was measured by field test. The results show that: with the increase of double disk opener disc diameter and disc angle,ditching resistance gradually increases and showing a linear increasing trend; With the increase of disc diameter and the angle of the disc,the stability of seeding depth showed increase first and then decrease; When the disc diameter is 300 mm and the disc angle is14 °,the sowing depth of the best stability,the purpose is to provide theoretical basis for the optimization and selection of double discs opener.
引文
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[12]赵金辉,刘立晶,杨学军,等.播种机开沟深度系统的设计与室内试验[J].农业工程学报,2015(6):35-41.
[13]姚宗路,高焕文.不同结构免耕开沟器对土壤阻力的影响[J].农机化研究,2009,31(7):30-34.
[2]车建壮,于磊,李其昀.双圆盘式小麦免耕播种机设计与试验研究[J].山东理工大学学报:自然科学版:2011,25(6):25-28.
[3]林静,刘安东,李宝筏,等.2BG-2型玉米垄作免耕播种机[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(6):43-46.
[4]徐云峰.小型免耕播种机的设计与试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[5]王景立,刘选伟,韩明月,等.双圆盘式覆土器的优化设计[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(1):37-39.
[6]T Vamerali,M Bertocco,L Sartori.Effects of a new sidesweep opener for no-till planter on seed zone properties and root establishment in maize(Zea mays,L):A comparison with double-disk opener[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2006,89:196-209.
[7]B A Collions,D B Fowler.Effect of soil characteristics,seeding depth,operating speed,and opener design on draft force during direct seeding[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1996,39:199-211.
[8]于慧春,刘俊峰,冯晓静,等.双圆盘开沟器开沟沟形的计算机模拟分析[J].河北农业大学学报,2004,27(1):108-110.
[9]赵丽琴,郭玉明,张培增,等.小麦免耕播种机性能指标体系的建立与灰色评估[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(5):89-93.
[10]王庆杰,姚宗路,高焕文,等.楔刀型免耕开沟器设计与试验[J].机械工程学报,2008,44(9):177-182.
[11]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[K].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[12]赵金辉,刘立晶,杨学军,等.播种机开沟深度系统的设计与室内试验[J].农业工程学报,2015(6):35-41.
[13]姚宗路,高焕文.不同结构免耕开沟器对土壤阻力的影响[J].农机化研究,2009,31(7):30-34.