桥墩墩型对平衡冰塞水位影响的试验研究
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摘要
冰塞的出现使上游水位壅高,极易诱发凌洪灾害。桥墩墩型是影响桥墩附近冰塞壅水的重要因素之一。通过模型试验,对不同墩型影响下的平衡冰塞水位增值过程进行研究,并与无桥墩条件和明流情况进行了对比。试验结果表明:在试验冰水流量比条件下,当Fr≤0.145时,无桥墩条件下平衡冰塞水位增值小于有桥墩;当Fr>0.145时,无桥墩条件下平衡冰塞水位增值大于有桥墩;桥墩墩型引起的平衡冰塞水位增值由大到小排序为长方形桥墩、尖端形桥墩、圆端形桥墩和圆柱形桥墩。易发生冰塞的河段,建造桥梁时应当尽量选用圆柱形、圆端形桥墩。
The presence of ice jam increases the possibility of upstream water level,which can easily trigger ice jam flooding. Bridge pier types can significantly influence backwater heights. By using a series of experiments in the laboratory,the impact of bridge-pier types were investigated. It shows that,when Fr≤0. 145,the backwater height from ice jam without pier is smaller than that with piers. When Fr>0. 145,the backwater height from ice jam without pier is larger than that with piers. The sequence of backwater height due to ice jam is the tip-shaped pier,rectangular pier,Round end-shaped pier,cylindrical pier from large to small. For rivers that have ice jam problems,it is better to choose cylindrical pier or round end-shaped pier.
The presence of ice jam increases the possibility of upstream water level,which can easily trigger ice jam flooding. Bridge pier types can significantly influence backwater heights. By using a series of experiments in the laboratory,the impact of bridge-pier types were investigated. It shows that,when Fr≤0. 145,the backwater height from ice jam without pier is smaller than that with piers. When Fr>0. 145,the backwater height from ice jam without pier is larger than that with piers. The sequence of backwater height due to ice jam is the tip-shaped pier,rectangular pier,Round end-shaped pier,cylindrical pier from large to small. For rivers that have ice jam problems,it is better to choose cylindrical pier or round end-shaped pier.
引文
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[9]王军,陈胖胖,杨青辉,等.桥墩影响下冰塞水位变化规律的试验[J].水科学进展,2015,26(6):867-873.(WANG J,CHEN P P,YANG Q H,et al.Impact of bridge piers on ice jam stage variation:an experimental study[J].Advances in Water Science,2015,26(6):867-873.(in Chinese))
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[11]LUIGIA B,MARTHA K W.Uncertainty in the estimation of backwater effects at bridge crossings[J].Hydrological Processes,2013,27(9):1292-1300.
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[13]季日臣,何文社,房振叶.斜交桥壅水试验研究与理论探讨[J].水科学进展,2007,18(4):504-508.(JI R C,HE W S,FANG Z Y.Experimental and theoretical study of skew bridge[J].Advances in Water Science,2007,18(4):504-508.(inChinese))
[14]WANG J,SHI F Y,CHEN P P,et al.Impact of bridge pier on the stability of ice jam[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics:Ser B,2015,27(6):865-871.
[15]WANG J,HUA J,SUI J Y,et al.The impact of bridge pier on ice jam evolution:an experimental study[J].Journal of Hydrology&Hydromechanics,2016,64(1):75-82.
[16]WANG J,LI S Y,CHEN P P,et al.Impacts of bridge piers on water level during ice jammed period in bend channel:an experimental study[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2018,30(1):160-168.
[17]HEALY D,HICKS F.Experimental study of ice jam thickening under dynamic flow conditions[J].ASCE Journal of Cold Regions Engineering,2007,21(3):72-91.
[18]郑永朋,牟献友,文恒.有冰盖条件下平板闸的输水能力研究[J].人民黄河,2012,34(6):142-143.(ZHENG Y P,MOU X Y,WEN H.Water ability research of flat gate under the conditions of the ice cover[J].Yellow River,2012,34(6):142-143.(in Chinese))
[19]PETERS M,DOW K,CLARK S P,et al.Experimental investigation of the flow characteristics beneath partial ice covers[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2017,142:69-78.
[20]王军.初始冰塞厚度与水流条件及冰流量关系的试验研究[J].水利水运工程学报,1999,108(4):385-389.(WANG J.A study on the relationship about initial ice jam thickness with its stream conditions and ice discharge[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,1999,108(4):385-389.(in Chinese))
[21]曹晓卫,李春江,严小飞,等.利用探地雷达探测黄河弯道及桥墩周围冰层厚度[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(6):91-95.(CAO X W,LI C J,YAN X F,et al.Measuring ice thickness around the curve and piers in the Yellow River with ground penetrating radar[J].South-to North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(6):91-95.(in Chinese))
[22]中交公路规划设计院有限公司.公路桥涵设计通用规范:JTG D60—2015[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2015.(CCCC Highway Consultants Co,Ltd.General code for design of highway bridges and culverts:JTG D60—2015[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2015.(in Chinese))
[23]王军,聂杰.河流冰期水位研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(2):69-72.(WANG J,NIE J.A study on calculation of water level in a river reach with frazil ice jam[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2002,26(2):69-72.(in Chinese))
[2]BELTAOS S.Distributed function analysis of ice jam flood frequency[J].Cold Regions Science&Technology,2012,71(2):1-10.
[3]BUZIN V A,GOROSHKOVA N I,STRIZHENOK A V.Maximum ice-jam water levels on the northern rivers of Russia under conditions of climate change and anthropogenic impact on the ice jamming process[J].Russian Meteorology&Hydrology,2015,39(12):823-827.
[4]王军,汪涛,李淑祎,等.桥墩影响下弯槽冰塞形成临界条件和冰厚变化的试验研究[J].水利学报,2017,48(5):588-593.(WANG J,WANG T,LI S Y,et al.Impacts of bridge pier on ice jam initiation and ice thickness in a curved channel-an experimental study[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,48(5):588-593.(in Chinese))
[5]邓宇,张晓华.海勃湾水库库区桥位壅水的冰凌模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(4):50-52.(DENG Y,ZHANG X H.Experimental study of ice model for bridge site backwater in Haibowan reservoir area[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(4):50-52.(in Chinese))
[6]TYMINSKI T.Hydraulic model research on bridge piers based on the example of selected bridges in Opole[J].Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska,2010,12:879-893.
[7]侯志军,孙一,顾志刚.跨河大桥冰凌模拟试验研究[J].泥沙研究,2014(4):49-53.(HOU Z J,SUN Y,GU Z G.Experimental study on the ice physical modeling with spanning river bridge[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2014(4):49-53.(in Chinese))
[8]于守兵,顾志刚,侯志军.包神铁路黄河大桥冰凌开河期实体模型试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2014,34(4):57-61.(YU S B,GU Z G,HOU Z J.Ice physical model of Baoshen railway bridge across Yellow River in thawing period[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2014,34(4):57-61.(in Chinese))
[9]王军,陈胖胖,杨青辉,等.桥墩影响下冰塞水位变化规律的试验[J].水科学进展,2015,26(6):867-873.(WANG J,CHEN P P,YANG Q H,et al.Impact of bridge piers on ice jam stage variation:an experimental study[J].Advances in Water Science,2015,26(6):867-873.(in Chinese))
[10]WANG J,LI S Y,CHEN P P,et al.Impacts of bridge piers on water level during ice jammed period in bend channel:an experimental study[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2018,30(1):160-168.
[11]LUIGIA B,MARTHA K W.Uncertainty in the estimation of backwater effects at bridge crossings[J].Hydrological Processes,2013,27(9):1292-1300.
[12]ENGIN P,GALIP S,BESIR S,et al.ANN approaches for the prediction of bridge backwater using both field and experimental data[J].International Journal of River Basin Management,2011,9(1):53-62.
[13]季日臣,何文社,房振叶.斜交桥壅水试验研究与理论探讨[J].水科学进展,2007,18(4):504-508.(JI R C,HE W S,FANG Z Y.Experimental and theoretical study of skew bridge[J].Advances in Water Science,2007,18(4):504-508.(inChinese))
[14]WANG J,SHI F Y,CHEN P P,et al.Impact of bridge pier on the stability of ice jam[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics:Ser B,2015,27(6):865-871.
[15]WANG J,HUA J,SUI J Y,et al.The impact of bridge pier on ice jam evolution:an experimental study[J].Journal of Hydrology&Hydromechanics,2016,64(1):75-82.
[16]WANG J,LI S Y,CHEN P P,et al.Impacts of bridge piers on water level during ice jammed period in bend channel:an experimental study[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2018,30(1):160-168.
[17]HEALY D,HICKS F.Experimental study of ice jam thickening under dynamic flow conditions[J].ASCE Journal of Cold Regions Engineering,2007,21(3):72-91.
[18]郑永朋,牟献友,文恒.有冰盖条件下平板闸的输水能力研究[J].人民黄河,2012,34(6):142-143.(ZHENG Y P,MOU X Y,WEN H.Water ability research of flat gate under the conditions of the ice cover[J].Yellow River,2012,34(6):142-143.(in Chinese))
[19]PETERS M,DOW K,CLARK S P,et al.Experimental investigation of the flow characteristics beneath partial ice covers[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2017,142:69-78.
[20]王军.初始冰塞厚度与水流条件及冰流量关系的试验研究[J].水利水运工程学报,1999,108(4):385-389.(WANG J.A study on the relationship about initial ice jam thickness with its stream conditions and ice discharge[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,1999,108(4):385-389.(in Chinese))
[21]曹晓卫,李春江,严小飞,等.利用探地雷达探测黄河弯道及桥墩周围冰层厚度[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(6):91-95.(CAO X W,LI C J,YAN X F,et al.Measuring ice thickness around the curve and piers in the Yellow River with ground penetrating radar[J].South-to North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(6):91-95.(in Chinese))
[22]中交公路规划设计院有限公司.公路桥涵设计通用规范:JTG D60—2015[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2015.(CCCC Highway Consultants Co,Ltd.General code for design of highway bridges and culverts:JTG D60—2015[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2015.(in Chinese))
[23]王军,聂杰.河流冰期水位研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(2):69-72.(WANG J,NIE J.A study on calculation of water level in a river reach with frazil ice jam[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2002,26(2):69-72.(in Chinese))