野生马来穿山甲被引入圈养后的适应行为分析
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摘要
【目的】考察新引入人工圈养环境的驯养时间的长短对野生马来穿山甲(Manis javanica)的活动持续时间和活动行为起始时刻的影响以及年龄是否会影响马来穿山甲的适应性行为。【方法】对已引入圈养环境下生活1年以上的81号和A1号共2只马来穿山甲的日常行为进行了为期50d的观察研究,对比刚引入圈养环境下的52号和53号共2只马来穿山甲的日常行为的观察研究,归纳得出野生马来穿山甲被引入圈养后的生理行为变化规律。【结果】刚引入圈养环境的52号和53号个体昼夜活动持续时间分别为3.83~626.63min和3.13~269.08min,比81号和A1号个体的昼夜活动持续时间即63.33~507.50min和31.67~765.00 min更短;52号和53号个体活动行为起始时刻分别为19:51:48和21:02:52,比81号和A1号个体的活动行为起始时刻即21:39:04和20:51:43更早。【结论】圈养时间对马来穿山甲的活动持续时间有明显影响;随着马来穿山甲对新环境的适应,它的昼夜活动持续时间会逐渐增加,范围为360~390 min;它的活动行为起始时刻会延迟,稳定范围为21:00~22:00。与亚成体马来穿山甲相比,成体马来穿山甲的昼夜持续活动时间和活动行为起始时刻变化明显更加稳定。
[Purposes]To investigate the effect of the length of domestication time on the activity duration and starting time of Malay pangolin(Manis javanica)and whether age could affect the adaptive behavior of Malay pangolin.[Methods]The daily behavior of 2 Malay pangolins whose serial number were No.81 and No.A1 respectively,which has been introduced into the captive environment for more than 1 year,was observed and studied for about 60 d.Compared with the observation and study of the daily behavior of 2 Malay pangolins whose serial number were No.52 and No.53 respectively under the captive environment,the physiological behavior changes of wild Malay pangolin were concluded after captivity was introduced into the captivity.[Findings]The duration of day and night activity(No.52:3.83~626.63 min,No.53:3.13~269.08 min)of the 2 Malay pangolin introduced into the captive environment was shorter than that of 2 Malay pangolin(No.81:63.33~507.50 min,No.A1:31.67~765 min),which had been introduced into the captive environment.The starting time(No.52:19:51:48,No.53:21:02:52)of pangolin activity was earlier than the starting time(No.81:21:39:04,No.A1:20:51:43)of 2 Malay pangolin that had been introduced into the captive environment.[Conclusions]Captive time has a significant influence on the duration of the activity of pangolin;with the adaptation of the Malay pangolin to the new environment,the duration of the circadian activity will increase gradually,with a range of 360~390 min;the starting time of its activity will be delayed and the range of stability is from 21:00 to 22:00.It is also found that the duration of the day and night activity and the starting time of the activity of the adult Malay pangolin are more stable than those of the subadult Malay pangolin.
[Purposes]To investigate the effect of the length of domestication time on the activity duration and starting time of Malay pangolin(Manis javanica)and whether age could affect the adaptive behavior of Malay pangolin.[Methods]The daily behavior of 2 Malay pangolins whose serial number were No.81 and No.A1 respectively,which has been introduced into the captive environment for more than 1 year,was observed and studied for about 60 d.Compared with the observation and study of the daily behavior of 2 Malay pangolins whose serial number were No.52 and No.53 respectively under the captive environment,the physiological behavior changes of wild Malay pangolin were concluded after captivity was introduced into the captivity.[Findings]The duration of day and night activity(No.52:3.83~626.63 min,No.53:3.13~269.08 min)of the 2 Malay pangolin introduced into the captive environment was shorter than that of 2 Malay pangolin(No.81:63.33~507.50 min,No.A1:31.67~765 min),which had been introduced into the captive environment.The starting time(No.52:19:51:48,No.53:21:02:52)of pangolin activity was earlier than the starting time(No.81:21:39:04,No.A1:20:51:43)of 2 Malay pangolin that had been introduced into the captive environment.[Conclusions]Captive time has a significant influence on the duration of the activity of pangolin;with the adaptation of the Malay pangolin to the new environment,the duration of the circadian activity will increase gradually,with a range of 360~390 min;the starting time of its activity will be delayed and the range of stability is from 21:00 to 22:00.It is also found that the duration of the day and night activity and the starting time of the activity of the adult Malay pangolin are more stable than those of the subadult Malay pangolin.
引文
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[5]张富华,杨立,吴诗宝,等.一例人工圈养繁殖的马来穿山甲胎儿[J].野生动物,2013,34(5):289-290.ZHANG F H,YANG L,WU S B,et al.Fetus of a captive Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica)[J].Chinese Journal of Wildlife,2013,34(5):289-290.
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[8]刘曦庆,彭建军,高赛飞,等.穿山甲的走私贸易概况、物种鉴定与形态比较[J].林业实用技术,2011(5):11-14.LIU X Q,PENG J J,GAO S F,et al.The general situation of trade smuggling,species identification and morphological comparison of pangolin[J].Practical Forestry Technology,2011(5):11-14.
[9]廖国宇,彭建军,余经裕,等.野生马来穿山甲(Manis javanica)被引入圈养后的应激对策和对新环境的适应[J].林业科技通讯,2016(3):41-45.LIAO G Y,PENG J J,YU J Y,et al.Wild Manis javanica was introduced into captivity after the stress response and adaptation to the new environment[J]Forest Science and Technology,2016(3):41-45.
[10]YU J Y,JIANG F L,PENG J J,et al.The First birth and survival of cub in captivity of critically endangered Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica)[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2015(10):2322-2323.
[2]吴诗宝,马广智,唐政,等.中国穿山甲资源现状及其保护对策[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(2):174-180.WU S B,MA G Z,TANG Z,et al.The status and conservation strategy of pangolin resource in China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2002,17(2):174-180.
[3]SHEPHERD C R.Overview of pangolin trade in Southeast Asia[C]∥PANTEL S,CHIN S Y.Proceedings of the workshop on tradeand conversation of pangolins native to South and Southeast Asia.Singapore:Singapore Zoo,2008:6-9.
[4]胡诗佳,彭建军,于冬梅,等.中华穿山甲的研究及保护现状[J].四川动物,2010,29(4):673-675.HU S J,PENG J J,YU D M,et al.Research and conservation status in Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla)[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2010,29(4):673-675.
[5]张富华,杨立,吴诗宝,等.一例人工圈养繁殖的马来穿山甲胎儿[J].野生动物,2013,34(5):289-290.ZHANG F H,YANG L,WU S B,et al.Fetus of a captive Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica)[J].Chinese Journal of Wildlife,2013,34(5):289-290.
[6]唐松元,段文武,黄兴国,等.穿山甲资源现状和人工养殖对策及发展前景[J].湖南林业科技,2012,39(3):75-77.TANG S Y,DUAN W W,HUANG X G,et al.The resources status and development prospect of artificial breeding of Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus[J].Hunan Forestry Science&Technology,2012,39(3):75-77.
[7]周在元.米易年鉴[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2011.ZHOU ZY.Miyi Yearbook[M].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University Press,2011.
[8]刘曦庆,彭建军,高赛飞,等.穿山甲的走私贸易概况、物种鉴定与形态比较[J].林业实用技术,2011(5):11-14.LIU X Q,PENG J J,GAO S F,et al.The general situation of trade smuggling,species identification and morphological comparison of pangolin[J].Practical Forestry Technology,2011(5):11-14.
[9]廖国宇,彭建军,余经裕,等.野生马来穿山甲(Manis javanica)被引入圈养后的应激对策和对新环境的适应[J].林业科技通讯,2016(3):41-45.LIAO G Y,PENG J J,YU J Y,et al.Wild Manis javanica was introduced into captivity after the stress response and adaptation to the new environment[J]Forest Science and Technology,2016(3):41-45.
[10]YU J Y,JIANG F L,PENG J J,et al.The First birth and survival of cub in captivity of critically endangered Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica)[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2015(10):2322-2323.