西藏羌塘盆地中生代晚期构造事件与油气的关系
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摘要
羌塘盆地在中生代晚期发生一次重要的构造运动,导致盆地结束海相沉积历史并形成区域性不整合。对该期构造事件发生的时代以及其对盆地油气成藏与保存的影响一直存在争议。本文根据近年来对羌塘盆地地层时代的新认识,结合盆地沉积埋藏和油气生成过程分析,认为该构造事件主要发生于早-晚白垩世之间(~100Ma),为班公湖-怒江洋盆最终闭合和拉萨-羌塘地块碰撞的结果。构造事件与盆地主要烃源岩该的生烃同时,盆地内与构造事件有关的圈闭构造为油气成藏提供了良好的场所,是盆地的主要评价和勘探目标。
An important phase of tectonic events took place in the Qiangtang Basin,northern Xizang during the Late Mesozoic,and led to the termination of marine deposition and the formation of regional unconformity in the basin. However,there has long been much debated concerning the ages of the tectonic event and its bearings on the hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation in the basin. The authors in this study contend,in terms of the preexisting data such as stratigraphic age,sediment burial history and hydrocarbon accumulation,that this tectonic event was initiated between the Early and Late Cretaceous( ca. 100 Ma),and represented a tectonic response to the final collapse of the Bangong Lake-Nujiang Ocean basin and the collision of the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks.The age of this tectonic event was contemporaneous with that of the hydrocarbon generation in the basin. The trap structures associated with this tectonic event are interpreted to be ideal localities,and thus are promising targets for the oil and gas exploration and assessment in the Qiangtang Basin.
An important phase of tectonic events took place in the Qiangtang Basin,northern Xizang during the Late Mesozoic,and led to the termination of marine deposition and the formation of regional unconformity in the basin. However,there has long been much debated concerning the ages of the tectonic event and its bearings on the hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation in the basin. The authors in this study contend,in terms of the preexisting data such as stratigraphic age,sediment burial history and hydrocarbon accumulation,that this tectonic event was initiated between the Early and Late Cretaceous( ca. 100 Ma),and represented a tectonic response to the final collapse of the Bangong Lake-Nujiang Ocean basin and the collision of the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks.The age of this tectonic event was contemporaneous with that of the hydrocarbon generation in the basin. The trap structures associated with this tectonic event are interpreted to be ideal localities,and thus are promising targets for the oil and gas exploration and assessment in the Qiangtang Basin.
引文
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[29]吴珍汉,吴学文,赵珍,等.羌塘地块南部晚白垩世火山岩离子探针测年及其对红层时代的约束[J].地球学报,2014,35(5):567-572.
[30]王剑,丁俊,王成善,等.青藏高原油气资源战略选区调查与评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.322-323.
[31]LI Y L,WANG C S,DAI J G,et al.Propagation of the deformation and growth of the Tibetan-Himalayan orogen:a review[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2015,143:36-61.
[2]王成善,伊海生.羌塘盆地地质演化与油气远景评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2001.1-215.
[3]王成善,李亚林,李永铁.青藏高原油气资源远景评价问题[J].石油学报,2006,27(4):1-7.
[4]王剑,谭富文,李亚林,等.青藏高原重点沉积盆地油气资源潜力分析[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.1-317.
[5]秦建中.羌塘盆地有机质热演化与成烃史研究[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(4):350-358.
[6]李亚林,王成善,黄继钧.羌塘盆地褶皱变形特征,定型时间及其与油气的关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(3):283-289.
[7]LI Y L,HE J,WANG C S,et al.Late Cretaceous K-rich magmatism in central Tibet:Evidence for early elevation of the Tibetan plateau[J]?Lithos,2013,160(1):1-13.
[8]LI Y L,HE J,WANG C S,et al.Cretaceous volcanic rocks in south Qiangtang Terrane:Products of northward subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean[J]?Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2015,104:69-83.
[9]贾承造,魏国齐,李本亮.中国中西部燕山期构造特征及其油气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):9-15.
[10]刘池洋,杨兴科.改造盆地研究和油气评价的思路[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):11-14.
[11]张抗.改造型盆地及其油气地质意义[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(1):65-70.
[12]伍新和,张丽,王成善,等.西藏羌塘盆地中生界海相烃源岩特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(3):348-354.
[13]张润合,斯春松,等.西藏羌塘盆地北部拗陷侏罗系层序地层划分对比及地质意义[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2015,35(2):1-7.
[14]陈文彬,付修根,占王忠,等.藏北羌塘盆地角木茶卡地区下二叠统展金组烃源岩特征及意义[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2015,35(1):43-49.
[15]付修根,王剑,谭富文,等.藏北羌塘盆地油气地质勘探新进展[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2015,35(1):16-24.
[16]刘家铎,周文,李勇,等.青藏地区油气资源潜力分析与评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.1-299.
[17]吴瑞忠.藏北羌塘地区地层系统[C].青藏高原地质文集(9),北京:地质出版社,1985.1-32.
[18]西藏自治区地质矿产局.西藏自治区区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.195-224.
[19]蒋忠惕.羌塘地区侏罗纪地层的若干问题[A].青藏高原地质文集—地层·古生物—青藏高原地质科学讨论会论文集(二)[C].北京:地质出版社,1979,9.
[20]方德庆,云金表,李椿.北羌塘盆地中部雪山组时代讨论[J].地层学杂志,2002,26(1):68-72.
[21]谭富文,王剑,李永铁,等.羌塘盆地侏罗纪末—早白垩世沉积特征与地层问题[J].中国地质,2004,31(4):400-405.
[22]杨遵仪,阴家润.青海省南部侏罗纪地层问题讨论[J].现代地质,1988,2(3):278-292.
[23]白生海.青海西南部海相侏罗纪地层新认识[J].地质论评,1989,35(6):529-536.
[24]阴家润.青海南部奇异蚌动物群生态环境与时代的探讨[J].古生物学报,1990,(3):30-139.
[25]蒋忠惕.青藏高原北部地区油气地质研究取得新成果[J].石油与天然气地质,1990,11(3):297-297.
[26]LI J G,BATTEN D J.Early Cretaceous palynofloras from the Tanggula Mountains of the northern Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau,China[J].Cretaceous Research,2004,25(4):531
[27]王剑,付修根,杜安道,等.羌塘盆地胜利河海相油页岩地球化学特征及Re-Os定年[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(3):21-26.
[28]夏代祥,刘世坤.西藏自治区岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997.1-302.
[29]吴珍汉,吴学文,赵珍,等.羌塘地块南部晚白垩世火山岩离子探针测年及其对红层时代的约束[J].地球学报,2014,35(5):567-572.
[30]王剑,丁俊,王成善,等.青藏高原油气资源战略选区调查与评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.322-323.
[31]LI Y L,WANG C S,DAI J G,et al.Propagation of the deformation and growth of the Tibetan-Himalayan orogen:a review[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2015,143:36-61.