世界首个海洋天然气水合物固态流化开采大型物理模拟实验系统
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摘要
天然气水合物(以下简称水合物)分别蕴藏于海洋和陆地永冻土带中,但前者的储量约为后者的100倍。海洋环境中的大部分脉状、块状水合物以及细粒沉积物中的水合物都属于非成岩天然气水合物,一般没有像常规油气藏和砂岩水合物储层那样稳定的圈闭构造。针对海洋非成岩水合物的物理特征、成藏特点,依据水合物固态流化开采法的工艺流程,建立了世界首个海洋天然气水合物固态流化开采实验室。该实验室定位于"全自动化的白领型实验室",实验系统共分为大样品快速制备及破碎、高效管输、高效分离、快速检测等模块单元。该实验室的主体功能包括:(1)高效破岩能力评级;(2)海洋天然气水合物层流化试采携岩能力评价;(3)水合物非平衡分解规律及流态动变规律评价;(4)不同机械开采速率条件下水合物安全输送;(5)井控安全规律模拟。该实验室的关键技术指标:工作压力12 MPa、水平管长度65 m、立管长度30 m、管径3英寸。该实验室能模拟1 200 m水深的全过程水合物固态流化开采工艺过程,是西南石油大学联合中国海洋石油总公司、宏华集团原始创新自主设计、自主研发的标志性实验室。
Natural gas hydrates(NGHs) are restored in seas and terrestrial frozen soil on the earth.Marine NGH reserves are about 100 times that in land.In a marine environment,most of the veins-like or bulk hydrates and hydrates in fine-grained sediments belong to nondiagenetic NGHs,and there is no such a stable entrapment structure like a conventional hydrocarbon reservoir or sandstone hydrate reservoir.According to the physical characteristics and reservoir characteristics of marine NGHs,Southwest Petroleum University innovatively proposed a solid fluidization exploitation method,and established the first global laboratory for the solid fluidization exploitation of marine NGHs.This lab owns high-quality devices and equipment as well as automatic experimental systems,which consist of several modules including rapid preparation of large samples & fragmentation,efficient pipe transportation,efficient separation,rapid detection and so on.Its main functions are rating of efficient rock breaking capacity,evaluation of rock carrying capacity in marine NGH fluidization pilot exploitation,evaluation of hydrate non-equilibrium decomposition and flow patterns dynamic change laws,safe hydrate transportation under different mining rates,and simulation of well control safety.Its key technical indicators are as follows:12 MPa working pressure,65 m-long horizontal pipes,30 m-long standpipes,and three-inch pipe diameter.In this lab the whole process of solid fluidization exploitation of NGHs 1 200 meters deep under water can be simulated,which is a landmark of this laboratory with original innovation,independent design,independent research and development.It was jointly built by the Southwest Petroleum University,CNOOC and the Honghua Group Limited.
Natural gas hydrates(NGHs) are restored in seas and terrestrial frozen soil on the earth.Marine NGH reserves are about 100 times that in land.In a marine environment,most of the veins-like or bulk hydrates and hydrates in fine-grained sediments belong to nondiagenetic NGHs,and there is no such a stable entrapment structure like a conventional hydrocarbon reservoir or sandstone hydrate reservoir.According to the physical characteristics and reservoir characteristics of marine NGHs,Southwest Petroleum University innovatively proposed a solid fluidization exploitation method,and established the first global laboratory for the solid fluidization exploitation of marine NGHs.This lab owns high-quality devices and equipment as well as automatic experimental systems,which consist of several modules including rapid preparation of large samples & fragmentation,efficient pipe transportation,efficient separation,rapid detection and so on.Its main functions are rating of efficient rock breaking capacity,evaluation of rock carrying capacity in marine NGH fluidization pilot exploitation,evaluation of hydrate non-equilibrium decomposition and flow patterns dynamic change laws,safe hydrate transportation under different mining rates,and simulation of well control safety.Its key technical indicators are as follows:12 MPa working pressure,65 m-long horizontal pipes,30 m-long standpipes,and three-inch pipe diameter.In this lab the whole process of solid fluidization exploitation of NGHs 1 200 meters deep under water can be simulated,which is a landmark of this laboratory with original innovation,independent design,independent research and development.It was jointly built by the Southwest Petroleum University,CNOOC and the Honghua Group Limited.
引文
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[12]祝有海.加拿大马更些冻土区天然气水合物试生产进展与展望[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(5):513-520.Zhu Youhai.Production test from gas hydrate of Mackenzie permafrost,Canada[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(5):513-520.
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[15]刘士鑫,郭平,杜建芬.天然气水合物气田开发技术进展[J].天然气工业,2005,25(3):121-123.Liu Shixin,Guo Ping&Du Jianfen.Technological advance of hydrate gas field development[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(3):121-123.
[16]刘华,李相方,夏建蓉,隋秀香,张益.关于天然气水合物钻采工艺技术进展的研究[J].钻采工艺,2006,29(5):54-57.Liu Hua,Li Xiangfang,Xia Jianrong,Sui Xiuxiang&Zhang Yi.Status of research on nature gas hydrate drilling and production techniques[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2006,29(5):54-57.
[17]刘建军,邵祖亮,郑永香.天然气水合物降压分解过程的数值模拟[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(1):80-90.Liu Jianjun,Shao Zuliang&Zheng Yongxiang.Numerical simulation of the decomposition of natural gas hydrates by depressurization[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2017,39(1):80-90.
[18]苏丕波,曾繁彩,沙志彬,尚久靖.天然气水合物在海洋钻探区域的赋存特征[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(12):16-24.Su Pibo,Zeng Fancai,Sha Zhibin&Shang Jiujing.Occurrence of gas hydrate in some marine drilling areas[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2013,29(12):16-24.
[19]梁劲,王静丽,杨承志,康冬菊,陆敬安,梁金强.珠江口盆地东部海域含天然气水合物沉积层的地球物理特征[J].天然气工业,2017,37(2):126-133.Liang Jin,Wang Jingli,Yang Chengzhi,Kang Dongju,Lu Jing'an&Liang Jinqiang.Geophysical characteristics of gas hydrate bearing sediments in the eastern sea area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(2):126-133.
[20]梁金强,张光学,陆敬安,苏丕波,沙志彬,龚跃华,等.南海东北部陆坡天然气水合物富集特征及成因模式[J].天然气工业,2016,36(10):157-162.Liang Jinqiang,Zhang Guangxue,Lu Jing'an,Su Pibo,Sha Zhibin,Gong Yuehua,et al.Accumulation characteristics and genetic models of natural gas hydrate reservoirs in the NE slope of the South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(10):157-162.
[21]何家雄,卢振权,苏丕波,张伟,冯俊熙.南海北部天然气水合物气源系统与成藏模式[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,39(1):80-90.He Jiaxiong,Lu Zhenquan,Su Pibo,Zhang Wei&Feng Junxi.Source supply system and reservoir forming model prediction of natural gas hydrate in the deep water area of the northern South China Sea[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2016,39(1):80-90.
[22]周守为,陈伟,李清平.深水浅层天然气水合物固态流化绿色开采技术[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(5):1-7.Zhou Shouwei,Chen Wei&Li Qingping.The green solid fluidization development principle of natural gas hydrate stored in shallow layers of deep water[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(5):1-7.
[23]人民网.首个海洋非成岩天然气水合物固态流化开采实验室成立[EB/OL].[2015-05-04].http://energy.people.com.cn/n/2015/0504/c71661-26941555.html.People's Daily Online.The establishment of the first marine non-diagenetic natural gas hydrate solid fluidized exploitation laboratory[EB/OL].[2015-05-04].http://energy.people.com.cn/n/2015/0504/c71661-26941555.html.
[24]魏纳,孟英峰,周守为,郭平,李清平,张弭,等.海洋天然气水合物固态流化开采实验模拟装置:中国,201510659180.9[P].2015-12-30.Wei Na,Meng Yingfeng,Zhou Shouwei,Guo Ping,Li Qingping,Zhang Mi,et al.Experimental simulation device for solid-state fluidized exploiting of ocean natural gas hydrate:China,201510659180.9[P].2015-12-30.
[2]肖钢,白玉湖.天然气水合物——能燃烧的冰[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2012.Xiao Gang&Bai Yuhu.Natural gas hydrates—flammable ice[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2012.
[3]郭平.油气藏流体相态理论与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.Guo Ping.Theory and application of fluid phase in oil and gas reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.
[4]Boswell R&Collett TS.Current perspectives on gas hydrate resources[J].Energy&Environmental Science,2011,4(4):1206-1215.
[5]许红,黄君权,夏斌,蔡乾忠.最新国际天然气水合物研究现状及资源潜力评估(下)[J].天然气工业,2005,25(6):18-23.Xu Hong,Huang Junquan,Xia Bin&Cai Qianzhong.Current research situation and resource potential evaluation of natural gas hydrate in the world(Ⅱ)[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(6):18-23.
[6]Kvenvolden KA,Ginsburg GD&Soloviev VA.Worldwide distribution of subaquatic gas hydrates[J].Geo-Marine Letters,1993,13(1):32-40.
[7]李丽松,苗琦.天然气水合物勘探开发技术发展综述[J].天然气与石油,2014,32(1):67-71.Li Lisong&Miao Qi.Review on natural gas hydrate exploration and development technology[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2014,32(1):67-71.
[8]刘鑫,潘振,王荧光,商丽艳,李萍.天然气水合物勘探和开采方法研究进展[J].当代化工,2013,42(7):958-960.Liu Xin,Pan Zhen,Wang Yingguang,Shang Liyan&Li Ping.Research progress in exploration and development methods of natural gas hydrate[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2013,42(7):958-960.
[9]刘玉山.海洋天然气水合物勘探与开采研究的新态势(一)[J].矿床地质,2011,30(6):1154-1156.Liu Yushan.New trend of exploration and exploitation of marine natural gas hydrate(Ⅰ)[J].Mineral Deposits,2011,30(6):1154-1156.
[10]刘玉山,祝有海,吴必豪.海洋天然气水合物勘探与开采研究进展[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(6):23-31.Liu Yushan,Zhu Youhai&Wu Bihao.Recent status of marine gas hydrate exploration and production[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2013,29(6):23-31.
[11]刘玉山.海洋天然气水合物勘探与开采研究的新态势(二)[J].矿床地质,2012,31(1):176-177.Liu Yushan.New trend of exploration and exploitation of marine natural gas hydrate(Ⅱ)[J].Mineral Deposits,2012,31(1):176-177.
[12]祝有海.加拿大马更些冻土区天然气水合物试生产进展与展望[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(5):513-520.Zhu Youhai.Production test from gas hydrate of Mackenzie permafrost,Canada[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(5):513-520.
[13]Matsumoto R,Takedomi Y&Wasada H.Exploration of marine gas hydrates in Nankai trough,offshore central Japan[J].Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts-American Association of Petroleum Geologists,2001,6:3-6.
[14]王屹,李小森.天然气水合物开采技术研究进展[J].新能源进展,2013,1(1):69-79.Wang Yi&Li Xiaosen.Research progress of natural gas hydrate production technology[J].Advances in New and Renewable Energy,2013,1(1):69-79.
[15]刘士鑫,郭平,杜建芬.天然气水合物气田开发技术进展[J].天然气工业,2005,25(3):121-123.Liu Shixin,Guo Ping&Du Jianfen.Technological advance of hydrate gas field development[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(3):121-123.
[16]刘华,李相方,夏建蓉,隋秀香,张益.关于天然气水合物钻采工艺技术进展的研究[J].钻采工艺,2006,29(5):54-57.Liu Hua,Li Xiangfang,Xia Jianrong,Sui Xiuxiang&Zhang Yi.Status of research on nature gas hydrate drilling and production techniques[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2006,29(5):54-57.
[17]刘建军,邵祖亮,郑永香.天然气水合物降压分解过程的数值模拟[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(1):80-90.Liu Jianjun,Shao Zuliang&Zheng Yongxiang.Numerical simulation of the decomposition of natural gas hydrates by depressurization[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2017,39(1):80-90.
[18]苏丕波,曾繁彩,沙志彬,尚久靖.天然气水合物在海洋钻探区域的赋存特征[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(12):16-24.Su Pibo,Zeng Fancai,Sha Zhibin&Shang Jiujing.Occurrence of gas hydrate in some marine drilling areas[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2013,29(12):16-24.
[19]梁劲,王静丽,杨承志,康冬菊,陆敬安,梁金强.珠江口盆地东部海域含天然气水合物沉积层的地球物理特征[J].天然气工业,2017,37(2):126-133.Liang Jin,Wang Jingli,Yang Chengzhi,Kang Dongju,Lu Jing'an&Liang Jinqiang.Geophysical characteristics of gas hydrate bearing sediments in the eastern sea area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(2):126-133.
[20]梁金强,张光学,陆敬安,苏丕波,沙志彬,龚跃华,等.南海东北部陆坡天然气水合物富集特征及成因模式[J].天然气工业,2016,36(10):157-162.Liang Jinqiang,Zhang Guangxue,Lu Jing'an,Su Pibo,Sha Zhibin,Gong Yuehua,et al.Accumulation characteristics and genetic models of natural gas hydrate reservoirs in the NE slope of the South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(10):157-162.
[21]何家雄,卢振权,苏丕波,张伟,冯俊熙.南海北部天然气水合物气源系统与成藏模式[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,39(1):80-90.He Jiaxiong,Lu Zhenquan,Su Pibo,Zhang Wei&Feng Junxi.Source supply system and reservoir forming model prediction of natural gas hydrate in the deep water area of the northern South China Sea[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2016,39(1):80-90.
[22]周守为,陈伟,李清平.深水浅层天然气水合物固态流化绿色开采技术[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(5):1-7.Zhou Shouwei,Chen Wei&Li Qingping.The green solid fluidization development principle of natural gas hydrate stored in shallow layers of deep water[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(5):1-7.
[23]人民网.首个海洋非成岩天然气水合物固态流化开采实验室成立[EB/OL].[2015-05-04].http://energy.people.com.cn/n/2015/0504/c71661-26941555.html.People's Daily Online.The establishment of the first marine non-diagenetic natural gas hydrate solid fluidized exploitation laboratory[EB/OL].[2015-05-04].http://energy.people.com.cn/n/2015/0504/c71661-26941555.html.
[24]魏纳,孟英峰,周守为,郭平,李清平,张弭,等.海洋天然气水合物固态流化开采实验模拟装置:中国,201510659180.9[P].2015-12-30.Wei Na,Meng Yingfeng,Zhou Shouwei,Guo Ping,Li Qingping,Zhang Mi,et al.Experimental simulation device for solid-state fluidized exploiting of ocean natural gas hydrate:China,201510659180.9[P].2015-12-30.