下扬子地区宽线地震共反射面元叠加剖面
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摘要
为了了解下扬子地区地下有利区带圈闭构造和地层分布,中石化石油工程地球物理公司在该地区进行了二维宽线地震施工.下扬子地区特点主要体现农业养殖区、工厂区和居民区等多种地表条件,地表岩性分布不同.其地表条件导致了地震数据存在有静校正问题和低信噪比问题,给反射地震的叠加成像和地质构造解释提出了巨大挑战.针对这些问题,我们开发了宽线地震共反射面元叠加技术,提出了宽线地震共反射面元叠加解决实际问题的处理流程和创新手段,使用这些手段对下扬子地区的宽线地震数据进行了处理测试.与常规共中心点叠加方法相比,共反射面元叠加提高了地震剖面的信噪比,增强了有效反射界面的连续性,特别是中深层成像清楚,成像细节清晰,为后续的地震构造解释和层位划分奠定了基础.
In order to understand the trap structure and stratigraphic distribution within the subsurface potential zone of the lower Yangtze Region,Sinopec Geophysics Company has conducted two-dimensional swath-line seismic acquisition in this area. The main characteristics of the lower Yangtze region are reflected in various surface conditions such as farming areas,factoring areas and residential distracts,and in different surface lithology distribution.These surface conditions lead to the static problem and a low signalto-noise( S/N) ratio in seismic data,and pose great challenges to the stacking process and the interpretation of geological structure from seismic reflection data. To tackle these problems,we have developed a common-reflection-surface( CRS) stack technology for swath-line seismic data,proposed a working flow which consists of innovative means for the swath-line seismic CRS stacking, and applied it to process swath-line seismic data in lower Yangtze region. Compared with the conventional CMP stacking method,CRS stacking improves the S/N ratio of seismic profiles,enhances the continuity of useful reflection events,and generates a detailed and clear image especially in deep part of the Earth. The resultant seismic profile laid the foundation for the subsequent structural interpretation and stratigraphic identification.
In order to understand the trap structure and stratigraphic distribution within the subsurface potential zone of the lower Yangtze Region,Sinopec Geophysics Company has conducted two-dimensional swath-line seismic acquisition in this area. The main characteristics of the lower Yangtze region are reflected in various surface conditions such as farming areas,factoring areas and residential distracts,and in different surface lithology distribution.These surface conditions lead to the static problem and a low signalto-noise( S/N) ratio in seismic data,and pose great challenges to the stacking process and the interpretation of geological structure from seismic reflection data. To tackle these problems,we have developed a common-reflection-surface( CRS) stack technology for swath-line seismic data,proposed a working flow which consists of innovative means for the swath-line seismic CRS stacking, and applied it to process swath-line seismic data in lower Yangtze region. Compared with the conventional CMP stacking method,CRS stacking improves the S/N ratio of seismic profiles,enhances the continuity of useful reflection events,and generates a detailed and clear image especially in deep part of the Earth. The resultant seismic profile laid the foundation for the subsequent structural interpretation and stratigraphic identification.
引文
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Baykulov M,Gajewski D.2009.Prestack seismic data enhancement with partial common-reflection-surface(CRS)stack[J].Geophysics,74(3):V49-V58.
Fomel S,Kazinnik M.2013.Non-hyperbolic common reflection surface[J].Geophysical Prospecting,61(1):21-27.
Garabito G,Oliva P C,Cruz J C R.2011.Numerical analysis ofthe finite-offset common-reflection-surface traveltimeapproximations[J].Journalof Applied Geophysics,74(2-3):89-99.
Garabito G,Ribeiro Cruz J C,Sollner W.2016.Finite-offset common reflection surface stack using global optimisation for parameter estimation:A land data example[J].Geophysical Prospecting,65(5):1123-1137,doi:10.1111/1365-2478.12472.
Hubral P,Schleicher J,Tygel M.1992a.Three-dimensionalparaxial ray properties,Part I:Basic relations[J].Journal of Seismic Exploration,1(2):265-279.
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Jager R,Mann J,H9cht G,et al.2001.Common-reflection-surface stack:Image and attribute[J].Geophysics,66(1):97-109.
Kumar L,Sinha D P.2008.From CMP to CRS-an overview of stacking techniques of seismic data[C].//7th Biennial International Conference&Exposition on Petroleum Geophysics.SPG.
Pussak M,Bauer K,Stiller M,et al.2014.Improved 3D seismic attribute mapping by CRS stacking instead of NMO stacking:Application to a geothermal reservoir in the Polish Basin[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,103:186-198.
Schleicher J,Tygel M,Hubral P.1993.Parabolic and hyperbolic paraxial two-point traveltimes in 3D media[J].Geophysical Prospecting,41(4):495-514.
Yoon M K,Baykulov M,Dümmong S,et al.2008.New insights into the crustal structure of the North German Basin from reprocessing of seismic reflection data using the common reflection surfacestack[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,97(5):887-898.
Baykulov M,Gajewski D.2009.Prestack seismic data enhancement with partial common-reflection-surface(CRS)stack[J].Geophysics,74(3):V49-V58.
Fomel S,Kazinnik M.2013.Non-hyperbolic common reflection surface[J].Geophysical Prospecting,61(1):21-27.
Garabito G,Oliva P C,Cruz J C R.2011.Numerical analysis ofthe finite-offset common-reflection-surface traveltimeapproximations[J].Journalof Applied Geophysics,74(2-3):89-99.
Garabito G,Ribeiro Cruz J C,Sollner W.2016.Finite-offset common reflection surface stack using global optimisation for parameter estimation:A land data example[J].Geophysical Prospecting,65(5):1123-1137,doi:10.1111/1365-2478.12472.
Hubral P,Schleicher J,Tygel M.1992a.Three-dimensionalparaxial ray properties,Part I:Basic relations[J].Journal of Seismic Exploration,1(2):265-279.
Hubral P,Schleicher J,Tygel M.1992b.Three-dimensionalparaxial ray properties,Part II:Applications[J].Journal of Seismic Exploration,1(3):347-362.
Jager R,Mann J,H9cht G,et al.2001.Common-reflection-surface stack:Image and attribute[J].Geophysics,66(1):97-109.
Kumar L,Sinha D P.2008.From CMP to CRS-an overview of stacking techniques of seismic data[C].//7th Biennial International Conference&Exposition on Petroleum Geophysics.SPG.
Pussak M,Bauer K,Stiller M,et al.2014.Improved 3D seismic attribute mapping by CRS stacking instead of NMO stacking:Application to a geothermal reservoir in the Polish Basin[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,103:186-198.
Schleicher J,Tygel M,Hubral P.1993.Parabolic and hyperbolic paraxial two-point traveltimes in 3D media[J].Geophysical Prospecting,41(4):495-514.
Yoon M K,Baykulov M,Dümmong S,et al.2008.New insights into the crustal structure of the North German Basin from reprocessing of seismic reflection data using the common reflection surfacestack[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,97(5):887-898.