摘要
土地承包经营权退出是深化农村土地制度改革的重要组成部分。基于对已有文本的分析,结合四川内江市土地"三换"试验案例,分析土地承包经营权退出过程中农户、集体与地方政府的参与情况和现存问题,探讨完善土地承包经营权退出的方法与未来可能的制度选择。内江市土地承包经营权退出"三换"模式分别为:土地换现金、土地换股份和土地换保障。结果表明:目前政策文件还未对土地承包经营权退出的操作规程进行明确;内江市中区土地承包经营权退出试点中,实际退出土地的农户较少,大量农户为土地流转;各参与主体参与意愿有待进一步考证、土地承包经营权退出补偿机制有待完善、集体土地制度还需进行相应调整。若未来土地承包经营权退出继续发展,短期内仍可以农村集体承包地市场封闭运作的方式应对,但若退出土地已占到集体土地的大部分,开放农村集体承包土地市场也许是未来的选择。据此,应从提高农民对承包经营权退出的接受程度与参与意愿、注重各方利益、引导土地制度进一步调整三个方面完善土地承包经营权的退出制度;应从引导农民参与土地流转、搭建土地流转平台两方面入手提高土地资源配置的效率;应设计有效的集体成员认定制度以适应权利变动所带来的成员身份变化的情况。
The exit of the rural land contract and management rights is a significant part to deepen the rural land reform in China.Using the textual analysis and case research methods,a study on the exit of rural land contract and management rights based on Neijiang from Sichuan Province is done.Neijiang carried out three pilot programs of the exit of rural land contract and management rights owned by farmers.Results show that there are several problems about the exit of rural land contract and management rights,including:1) there are no clear official rules to regulate it;2) the participants' willingness to give up the rural land is weak;3) the compensation mechanism to farmers is incomplete;and 4) the collective land ownership system needs to be adjusted.In the future,if more rural households would like to give up the rural land contract and management rights,the contract transaction should be operated in a closed land market in short term.If the majority of rural households participate in the exit of rural land contract and management rights,the open transaction market should be improved.In summary,to promote the exit of rural land contract and management rights,it is important to increase the participation willingness of the stakeholders,to improve the compensation mechanism,to establish the rural land transaction platform and to design an efficient mechanism to identify the collective member in the exit of rural land contract and management rights.
引文
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