基于内江土地承包经营权退出经验的研究
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摘要
土地承包经营权退出是深化农村土地制度改革的重要组成部分。基于对已有文本的分析,结合四川内江市土地"三换"试验案例,分析土地承包经营权退出过程中农户、集体与地方政府的参与情况和现存问题,探讨完善土地承包经营权退出的方法与未来可能的制度选择。内江市土地承包经营权退出"三换"模式分别为:土地换现金、土地换股份和土地换保障。结果表明:目前政策文件还未对土地承包经营权退出的操作规程进行明确;内江市中区土地承包经营权退出试点中,实际退出土地的农户较少,大量农户为土地流转;各参与主体参与意愿有待进一步考证、土地承包经营权退出补偿机制有待完善、集体土地制度还需进行相应调整。若未来土地承包经营权退出继续发展,短期内仍可以农村集体承包地市场封闭运作的方式应对,但若退出土地已占到集体土地的大部分,开放农村集体承包土地市场也许是未来的选择。据此,应从提高农民对承包经营权退出的接受程度与参与意愿、注重各方利益、引导土地制度进一步调整三个方面完善土地承包经营权的退出制度;应从引导农民参与土地流转、搭建土地流转平台两方面入手提高土地资源配置的效率;应设计有效的集体成员认定制度以适应权利变动所带来的成员身份变化的情况。
The exit of the rural land contract and management rights is a significant part to deepen the rural land reform in China.Using the textual analysis and case research methods,a study on the exit of rural land contract and management rights based on Neijiang from Sichuan Province is done.Neijiang carried out three pilot programs of the exit of rural land contract and management rights owned by farmers.Results show that there are several problems about the exit of rural land contract and management rights,including:1) there are no clear official rules to regulate it;2) the participants' willingness to give up the rural land is weak;3) the compensation mechanism to farmers is incomplete;and 4) the collective land ownership system needs to be adjusted.In the future,if more rural households would like to give up the rural land contract and management rights,the contract transaction should be operated in a closed land market in short term.If the majority of rural households participate in the exit of rural land contract and management rights,the open transaction market should be improved.In summary,to promote the exit of rural land contract and management rights,it is important to increase the participation willingness of the stakeholders,to improve the compensation mechanism,to establish the rural land transaction platform and to design an efficient mechanism to identify the collective member in the exit of rural land contract and management rights.
The exit of the rural land contract and management rights is a significant part to deepen the rural land reform in China.Using the textual analysis and case research methods,a study on the exit of rural land contract and management rights based on Neijiang from Sichuan Province is done.Neijiang carried out three pilot programs of the exit of rural land contract and management rights owned by farmers.Results show that there are several problems about the exit of rural land contract and management rights,including:1) there are no clear official rules to regulate it;2) the participants' willingness to give up the rural land is weak;3) the compensation mechanism to farmers is incomplete;and 4) the collective land ownership system needs to be adjusted.In the future,if more rural households would like to give up the rural land contract and management rights,the contract transaction should be operated in a closed land market in short term.If the majority of rural households participate in the exit of rural land contract and management rights,the open transaction market should be improved.In summary,to promote the exit of rural land contract and management rights,it is important to increase the participation willingness of the stakeholders,to improve the compensation mechanism,to establish the rural land transaction platform and to design an efficient mechanism to identify the collective member in the exit of rural land contract and management rights.
引文
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[3]郑兴明.城镇化进程中农民工土地承包权退出意愿探析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2014(1):19-24.Zheng X M.Research on exit wilingness of migrant workers'land contract rights and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition),2014(1):19-24.
[4]刘灵辉.进城农民土地资产处置意愿影响因素研究[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2014,203(2):38-45.Liu L H.Study on influencing factors of rural-urban migrant's land disposal willness[J].Journal of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,2014,203(2):38-45.
[5]刘同山,孔祥智.参与意愿、实现机制与新型城镇化进程的农地退出[J].改革,2016(6):79-89.Liu T S,Kong X Z.Participating willingness,realize mechanism and land usufruct abdication in the process of new urbanization[J].Reform,2016(6):79-89.
[6]高佳,李世平.城镇化进程中农户土地退出意愿影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):212-220.Gao J,Li S P.Analysis of influence factors of farmers'willingness to quit right of contractual and management of rural land in progress of urbanization[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(6):212-220.
[7]刘同山.农户承包地退出意愿影响粮食产量吗?--基于处理效应模型的计量分析[J].中国农村经济,2017(1):68-81.Liu T S.Does farmers'willingness to abdicate land usufruct affect grain yields?:An analysis based on a treatment effects model[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2017(1):68-81.
[8]国家统计局.中华人民共和国2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R].2018.National Bureau of Statistics of China.Statistical communique of the People's Republic of China on the 2017 national economic and social development[R].2018.
[9]“城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移问题研究”课题组.城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移:战略抉择和政策思路[J].中国农村经济,2011(6):4-14.“Laobr Mobility in Urbanization”Research Group.Labor mobility in urbanization:Strategic choice and policy approaches[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2011(6):4-14.
[10]de Janvry A,Emerick K,Gonzalez-Navarro M,et al.Delinking land rights from land use:Certification and migration in Mexico[J].American Economic Review,2015,105(10):3125-3149.
[11]Tuyen T Q.The impact of farmland loss on income distribution of households in Hanoi's peri-urban areas,Vietnam[J].Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics,2014,55(2):189-206.
[12]Pellissery S,Davy B,Jacobs H M.Land Policies in India[M],Singapore:Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd,2017.
[13]Lorenzetti L.Agricultural specialisation and the land market:An examination of the dynamics of the relationship in the Swiss Alps,c.1860-1930[J].Continuity and Change,2014,29(2):267-292.
[14]王兆林,杨庆媛.农户农村土地退出意愿综合影响因素探讨--基于重庆户籍制度改革的实践[J].农机化研究,2012,34(10):16-23.Wang Z L,Yang Q Y.An analysis of the willingness and its influencing factors of households'giving up their lands[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2012,34(10):16-23.
[15]吴康明,陈霄.农民土地退出意愿与关键环节拿捏:重庆例证[J].改革,2011(10):61-66.Wu K M,Chen X.The land quittance intention of peasants and the key link consideration:example from Chongqing[J].Reform,2011(10):61-66.
[16]方志权.农村土地承包经营权退出意愿调查--基于上海四区1255份农村调查问卷的分析[J].科学发展,2017(8):37-43.Fang Z Q.Investigation on wilingnes to withdraw from rural land contractual management right[J].Scientific Development,2017(8):37-43.
[17]张学敏.离农分化、效用差序与承包地退出--基于豫、湘、渝886户农户调查的实证分析[J].农业技术经济,2013(5):44-52.Zhang X M.Off-farm and differentiation,difference order utility and land usufruct abdication[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2013(5):44-52.
[18]刘同山,赵海,闫辉.农村土地退出:宁夏平罗试验区的经验与启示[J].宁夏社会科学,2016(1):80-86.Liu T S,Zhao H,Yan H.Rural land usufruct abdication:Experience and revelation from Pingluo experimental area in Ningxia[J].Social Sciences in Ningxia,2016(1):80-86.
[19]王兆林,杨庆媛,张佰林,等.户籍制度改革中农户土地退出意愿及其影响因素分析[J].中国农村经济,2011(11):49-61.Wang Z L,Yang Q Y,Zhang B L,et al.Analysis of household land exit willingness during the reform of household registration system[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2011(11):49-61.
[20]罗必良.农地保障和退出条件下的制度变革:福利功能让渡财产功能[J].改革,2013(1):66-75.Luo B L.The institutional change under the circumstance of farmland security and exit conditions:Welfare functiont property function[J].Reform,2013(1):66-75.
[21]高佳,李世平.农民土地退出意愿对耕地利用效率的影响研究[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2014(1):75-80.Gao J,Li S P.Study of the influence of farmers'wilingnes to quit the right of contractual and management of rural land on the farmland use eficiency[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences),2014(1):75-80.
[22]张立平.农村土地承包经营权退出的现实诱因、退出路径及法律保障[J].农村经济,2018(2):110-111.Zhang L P.Actual Inducements,paths and legal protections of rural land usufruct abdication[J].Rural Economy,2018(2):110-111.
[23]刘同山.农业机械化、非农就业与农民的承包地退出意愿[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(6):62-68.Liu T S.Agricultural mechanization,nonfarm work and farmers'willingness to abdicated contracted land[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2016,26(6):62-68.
[24]严燕,杨庆媛,张佰林,等.非农就业对农户土地退出意愿影响的实证研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(6):128-132.Yan Y,Yang Q Y,Zhang B L,et al.An empirical study of the impact of non-farm employment on the wilingnes of farmers to quit their land[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2012,34(6):128-132.
[25]刘同山,牛立腾.农户分化、土地退出意愿与农民的选择偏好[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(6):114-120.Liu T S,Niu L T.Rural-household differentiation,willingness of land usufruct abdication and farmers'choice preference[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2014,24(6):114-120.
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