化肥减量配施有机物料对设施番茄氮素积累、分配与利用率的影响
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摘要
以"金冠九号"番茄为试材,利用日光温室不同施肥处理微区试验,研究了不同施肥处理对番茄氮素积累、分配比例及肥料利用率的影响,以期探明氮肥减量配施有机物料在设施番茄上的应用效果。结果表明:与100%CF(纯化肥)处理相比,75%CF+25%VM(蚓粪)、75%CF+25%S(秸秆)处理显著增加了番茄不同部位的生物量、开花坐果期番茄中的氮含量和累积量、盛果期果实中氮素分配比例和偏生产力、农学效率和氮肥当季利用率。与100%CF处理相比,50%CF+50%VM显著提高了盛果期设施番茄的生物量、增加了开花坐果期和盛果期果实中的氮积累量。与100%CF处理相比,50%CF+50%S、100%VM、100%S处理均不同程度的降低了开花坐果期和盛果期设施番茄的生物量、氮在果实中的积累及氮素的偏生产力、农学效率和氮肥当季利用率,但仍然促进了氮素向果实中的分配。综上,75%CF+25%VM处理提高增加了番茄的生物量、提高了氮素积累量,促进了盛果期茎、叶中的氮素向果实中转移和分配,提高了氮素利用率,该研究为设施番茄的科学施肥提供了参考依据。
To clarify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and organic materials replacement on greenhouse tomato,the nitrogen accumulation,distribution and utilization efficiency of 'Jin-Guan No.9'tomato were studied in a solar greenhouse micro-experiment with different fertilization treatments.The results showed that 75% chemical fertilizer(CF)+25% vermicompost(VM)and75% CF+25% straw(S)treatments significantly increased the biomass,nitrogen content and accumulation of tomato fruit in flowering and fruit setting stage,distribution of nitrogen of fruit,nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPEP),agronomic efficiency(AEN)and utilization efficiency of the season(NUE)in full fruit stage while compared to those of 100% CF treatment.Compared with100% CF treatment,50% CF+50% VM treatment significantly increased the biomass at full fruiting stage,accumulation of nitrogen in fruit at flowering and fruit setting stage and full fruiting stage.Compared with 100% CF treatment,50% CF+50% S,100% VM and 100% S treatments decreased biomass at flowering and fruit setting stage,accumulation of nitrogen in fruit,NPEP,AEN and NUE,but it still promoted the distribution of nitrogen to the fruit.In conclusion,75% CF+25% VM treatment increased the biomass of tomato and nitrogen accumulation,promoted nitrogen transfer from the stems and leaves to full fruiting stage,and improved the NUE.This study provided a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of greenhouse tomato.
To clarify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and organic materials replacement on greenhouse tomato,the nitrogen accumulation,distribution and utilization efficiency of 'Jin-Guan No.9'tomato were studied in a solar greenhouse micro-experiment with different fertilization treatments.The results showed that 75% chemical fertilizer(CF)+25% vermicompost(VM)and75% CF+25% straw(S)treatments significantly increased the biomass,nitrogen content and accumulation of tomato fruit in flowering and fruit setting stage,distribution of nitrogen of fruit,nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPEP),agronomic efficiency(AEN)and utilization efficiency of the season(NUE)in full fruit stage while compared to those of 100% CF treatment.Compared with100% CF treatment,50% CF+50% VM treatment significantly increased the biomass at full fruiting stage,accumulation of nitrogen in fruit at flowering and fruit setting stage and full fruiting stage.Compared with 100% CF treatment,50% CF+50% S,100% VM and 100% S treatments decreased biomass at flowering and fruit setting stage,accumulation of nitrogen in fruit,NPEP,AEN and NUE,but it still promoted the distribution of nitrogen to the fruit.In conclusion,75% CF+25% VM treatment increased the biomass of tomato and nitrogen accumulation,promoted nitrogen transfer from the stems and leaves to full fruiting stage,and improved the NUE.This study provided a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of greenhouse tomato.
引文
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[8]张国显,范永怀,赵凤艳,等.化肥减量配施有机物料对设施番茄生长、光合特性、产量及品质的影响[J].中国科技论文,2018,13(6):698-703.
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[11]张俊英,许永利,刘志强.蚯蚓粪缓解大棚黄瓜连作障碍的研究[J].北方园艺,2010(4):58-60.
[12]李静娟,周波,张池,等.中药渣蚓粪对玉米生长及土壤肥力特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2651-2657.
[13]许永利,张俊英,李富平.蚯蚓粪的综合利用研究现状[J].安徽农业科学,2007(23):7179-7180.
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[16]ZHANG P,CHEN X L,WEI T,et al.Effects of straw incorporation on the soil nutrient contents,enzyme activities,and crop yield in a semiarid region of China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2016,160:65-72.
[17]于帅,陈玮,何兴元,等.浑河河岸带六种草本植物氮、磷含量特征[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2775-2780.
[18]梁静,王丽英,陈清,等.我国设施番茄氮肥施用量现状及其利用率、产量影响和地力贡献率分析评价[J].中国蔬菜,2015(10):16-21.
[19]孙建利.对过量使用化肥危害的思考[J].现代农业科技,2010(16):278-279.
[20]吴盼盼,杨丽娟.蚓粪对不同连作年限设施番茄生长、品质及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(7):104-107.
[21]洪瑜,王芳,刘汝亮,等.长期配施有机肥对灌淤土春玉米产量及氮素利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):248-252,261.
[2]李天来,杨丽娟.作物连作障碍的克服:难解的问题[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(5):916-918.
[3]苏建党.探讨过量施用化肥的危害及应对措施[J].农业与技术,2016,36(6):49.
[4]赵易艺,张玉平,刘强,等.有机肥和生物炭对旱地土壤养分累积利用及小白菜生产的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(14):119-125.
[5]梁元振.有机无机肥配施对土壤微生物学特征及肥力的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.
[6]高苇,吴峰,王勇,等.棉隆与生物有机肥协同防治芹菜根腐病及其对根际土壤微生物数量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(2):65-68.
[7]张恩平,谭福雷,王月,等.氮磷钾与有机肥配施对番茄产量品质及土壤酶活性的影响[J].园艺学报,2015,42(10):2059-2067.
[8]张国显,范永怀,赵凤艳,等.化肥减量配施有机物料对设施番茄生长、光合特性、产量及品质的影响[J].中国科技论文,2018,13(6):698-703.
[9] EDWARDS C A,BURROWS I.The potential of earthworm compost as plant growth media[M]//EDWARD C A,NEUHAUSER E F.Earthworms in waste and environmental management.Hague:SPB Academic Publishing,1988.
[10]赵海涛.蚓粪基质对辣椒幼苗生长的促进效应及作用机理研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2011.
[11]张俊英,许永利,刘志强.蚯蚓粪缓解大棚黄瓜连作障碍的研究[J].北方园艺,2010(4):58-60.
[12]李静娟,周波,张池,等.中药渣蚓粪对玉米生长及土壤肥力特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2651-2657.
[13]许永利,张俊英,李富平.蚯蚓粪的综合利用研究现状[J].安徽农业科学,2007(23):7179-7180.
[14]ZUO Q S,JIE K,LI Z,et al.The effect of sowing depth and soil compaction on the growth and yield of rapeseed in rice straw returning field[J].Field Crops Research,2017,203:47-54.
[15]LUO X S,HAN S,LAI S S,et al.Long-term straw returning affects nitrospira-like nitrite oxidizing bacterial community in a rapeseed-rice rotation soil[J].Journal of Basic Microbiology,2017,57:309-315.
[16]ZHANG P,CHEN X L,WEI T,et al.Effects of straw incorporation on the soil nutrient contents,enzyme activities,and crop yield in a semiarid region of China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2016,160:65-72.
[17]于帅,陈玮,何兴元,等.浑河河岸带六种草本植物氮、磷含量特征[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2775-2780.
[18]梁静,王丽英,陈清,等.我国设施番茄氮肥施用量现状及其利用率、产量影响和地力贡献率分析评价[J].中国蔬菜,2015(10):16-21.
[19]孙建利.对过量使用化肥危害的思考[J].现代农业科技,2010(16):278-279.
[20]吴盼盼,杨丽娟.蚓粪对不同连作年限设施番茄生长、品质及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(7):104-107.
[21]洪瑜,王芳,刘汝亮,等.长期配施有机肥对灌淤土春玉米产量及氮素利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):248-252,261.