蚂蚁筑巢对西双版纳热带森林土壤易氧化有机碳时空动态的影响
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摘要
蚂蚁筑巢定居能够形成与巢穴周围显著不同的微生境和土壤养分环境,从而对土壤易氧化有机碳(EOC)产生重要影响.本研究以中国科学院西双版纳勐仑热带植物园白背桐群落为研究对象,比较蚂蚁巢地与非巢地土壤EOC时空分布特征,并分析蚂蚁筑巢引起土壤理化性质的改变对土壤EOC时空动态的影响.结果表明:研究区蚁巢和非蚁巢地土壤EOC随月份均呈明显的单峰型变化规律,表现为6月>9月>3月>12月;土壤EOC沿土层呈逐渐降低的变化趋势,在0～5 cm土层,蚁巢土壤EOC显著大于非巢地,在5～10和10～15 cm土层的差异不显著.蚂蚁筑巢显著提高了土壤温度、土壤有机碳、土壤易氧化有机碳、土壤微生物生物量碳、全氮、硝态氮和水解氮含量,显著降低了土壤含水率和容重,但对铵态氮、pH值的影响不显著.土壤有机碳、土壤微生物生物量碳是调控蚁巢和非巢地土壤EOC时空变化的主要因子,土壤温度、含水率、全氮和硝态氮等土壤指标对土壤EOC的影响次之.蚂蚁筑巢主要通过改变微生境(土壤温度和水分)及土壤养分(主要是土壤有机碳和微生物生物量碳)的状况,进而调控热带森林土壤易氧化有机碳的时空动态.
Ant nesting can form microhabitat and soil nutrient condition in their nests that is different from the surrounding environment,thus having a crucial effect on the variation of soil easily oxidized organic carbon( EOC). In this study,the Mallotus paniculatus communities in Menglun Tropical Botanical Garden of Xishuangbanna,Chinese Academy of Sciences was taken as the research object. We compared the spatiotemporal distribution of soil EOC in ant nests and the reference soils,and analyzed the relationship of the variation in soil EOC to the changes in soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that soil EOC in ant nests and the reference soils had a unimodal change trend with months. The order was ranked as June>September>March>December. The soil EOC decreased with the soil layers. The EOC was higher in 0-5 cm nest soils than in the reference soils,while it was not significantly different in the 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm soil layers. Ant nesting increased soil temperature,soil organic carbon,soil easily oxidized organic carbon,soil microbial biomass carbon,total nitrogen,soil nitrate nitrogen and hydrolysis nitrogen,but reduced the soil water content and bulk density. The impacts of ant nesting on soil ammonium and pH was not significant. The soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon had crucial roles in regulating the spatiotemporal variation in EOC in ant nests and the reference soils,whereas the effects of soil temperature,soil water content,total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen ranked the second. The ant nesting had a crucial effect on the spatiotemporal variations in easily oxidized organic carbon,mainly through changing the microhabitat( e.g.,soil temperature and moisture) and soil nutrients( e. g.,soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon) in Xishuangbanna tropical forests.
Ant nesting can form microhabitat and soil nutrient condition in their nests that is different from the surrounding environment,thus having a crucial effect on the variation of soil easily oxidized organic carbon( EOC). In this study,the Mallotus paniculatus communities in Menglun Tropical Botanical Garden of Xishuangbanna,Chinese Academy of Sciences was taken as the research object. We compared the spatiotemporal distribution of soil EOC in ant nests and the reference soils,and analyzed the relationship of the variation in soil EOC to the changes in soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that soil EOC in ant nests and the reference soils had a unimodal change trend with months. The order was ranked as June>September>March>December. The soil EOC decreased with the soil layers. The EOC was higher in 0-5 cm nest soils than in the reference soils,while it was not significantly different in the 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm soil layers. Ant nesting increased soil temperature,soil organic carbon,soil easily oxidized organic carbon,soil microbial biomass carbon,total nitrogen,soil nitrate nitrogen and hydrolysis nitrogen,but reduced the soil water content and bulk density. The impacts of ant nesting on soil ammonium and pH was not significant. The soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon had crucial roles in regulating the spatiotemporal variation in EOC in ant nests and the reference soils,whereas the effects of soil temperature,soil water content,total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen ranked the second. The ant nesting had a crucial effect on the spatiotemporal variations in easily oxidized organic carbon,mainly through changing the microhabitat( e.g.,soil temperature and moisture) and soil nutrients( e. g.,soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon) in Xishuangbanna tropical forests.
引文
[1]Shen H(沈宏),Cao Z-H(曹志洪),Hu Z-Y(胡正义).Characteristics and ecological effects of the active organic carbon in soil.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),1999,18(3):33-38(in Chinese)
[2]Shen H(沈宏),Cao Z-H(曹志洪),Wang Z-M(王志明).Study on soil C pool management index of different farmland ecosystems.Journal of Natural Resources(自然资源学报),1999,14(3):15-20(in Chinese)
[3]Xie T(谢涛),Zheng A-B(郑阿宝),Wang G-B(王国兵),et al.Seasonal variation patterns of soil labile organic carbon in poplar plantations with different ages in northern Jiangsu.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2012,31(5):1171-1178(in Chinese)
[4]Wang Q-K(王清奎),Wang S-L(汪思龙),Feng Z-W(冯宗炜),et al.Active soil organic matter and its relationship with soil quality.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2005,25(3):513-519(in Chinese)
[5]Liu H(刘红),Yuan X-Z(袁兴中),Zhang C-D(张承德).Community structure and species diversity of ant in Qufu,Shandong Province.Biodiversity Science(生物多样性),2002,10(3):298-304(in Chinese)
[6]Dirk S,Frank VFJ.Ecosystem engineering and predation:The multi-trophic impact of two ant species.Journal of Animal Ecology,2011,80:569-576
[7]Chen Y-Y(陈元瑶),Wei C(魏琮),He H(贺虹),et al.Correlation of physicochemical characteristics and microbial biomass among nest soil of Camponotus japonicus and Pachycondyla astute in Qingling Mountains.Journal of Northwest Forestry University(西北林学院学报),2012,27(2):121-126(in Chinese)
[8]Wang S-J(王邵军),Wang H(王红),Li J-H(李霁航).Distribution characteristics of ant mounds and correlating factors across different succession stages of tropical forests in Xishuangbanna.Biodiversity Science(生物多样性),2016,24(8):916-921(in Chinese)
[9]Cammeraat ELH,Risch AC.The impact of ants on mineral soil properties and processes at different spatial scales.Journal of Applied Entomology,2008,132:285-294
[10]Wang S-J(王邵军),Ruan H-H(阮宏华),Wang J-S(汪家社),et al.Composition structure of soil fauna community under the typical vegetations in the Wuyi Mountains,China.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2010,30(19):5174-5184(in Chinese)
[11]Tan G-X(谭桂霞),Liu Y-Q(刘苑秋),Li L-L(李莲莲),et al.Content and seasonal change of soil labile organic carbon under four different plantations in degraded red soil region.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensi(江西农业大学学报),2014,36(2):434-440(in Chinese)
[12]Gu X(辜翔),Zhang S-J(张仕吉),Xiang W-H(项文化),et al.Seasonal dynamics of active soil organic carbon in four subtropical forests in Southern China.Chinese Journal of plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2016,40(10):1064-1076(in Chinese)
[13]Wang G-B(王国兵),Zhao X-L(赵小龙),Wang M-H(王明慧),et al.Effects of land use change on soil readily oxidizable carbon in a coastal area of norther Jiangsu province,East China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2013,24(4):921-926(in Chinese)
[14]Frouz J.The effect of nest moisture on daily temperature regime in the nests of Formica polyctena wood ants.Insectes Sociaux,2000,47:229-235
[15]Wang Y(王莹),Ruan H-H(阮宏华),Huang L-L(黄亮亮),et al.Soil labile organic carbon of different land use types in a reclaimed land area of Taihu Lake.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2010,29(4):741-748(in Chinese)
[16]Yang J-L(杨君珑),Zhang X-L(张学丽),Cao B(曹兵),et al.Active organic carbon in soil of typical vegetation in Luoshan of Ningxia.Journal of West China Forestry Science(西部林业科学),2017,46(4):61-66(in Chinese)
[17]Montague T,Kjelgren R.Energy balance of six common landscape surfaces and the influence of surface properties on gas exchange of four containerized tree species.Scientia Horticulturae,2003,100:229-249
[18]Li J-H(李霁航),Wang S-J(王邵军),Wang H(王红),et al.Effect of ant nesting on soil respiration in a tropical forest of Syzygium ablatum community.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2018,38(17):98-102(in Chinese)
[19]Verburg PSJ,Dam DV,Hefting MM,et al.Microbial transformations of C and N in a boreal forest floor as affected by temperature.Plant and Soil,1999,208:187-197
[20]Joergensen RG,Castillo X.Interrelationships between microbial and soil properties in young volcanic ash soils of Nicaragua.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33:1581-1589
[21]Xu X(徐侠),Wang F(王丰),Luan Y-L(栾以玲),et al.Soil readily oxidizable carbon along an elevation gradient of Wuyi Mountains in southeastern China.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2008,27(7):1115-1121(in Chinese)
[22]James AL,Eldridge DJ,Koen TB,et al.Landscape position moderates how ant nests affect hydrology and soil chemistry across a Chihuahuan Desert watershed.Landscape Ecology,2008,23:961-975
[23]Li T-C(李同川).Characteristics of Soil Macropore on the Loess Plateau and Their Effects on Soil Water.PhDThesis.Yangling,Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2017(in Chinese)
[24]Yang X-D(杨效东).Comparison of the communities structure and seasonal changes in diversity of soil arthropod in tropical secondary forest,dry-rice land and fired remains.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2003,23(5):883-891(in Chinese)
[25]Liu R-T(刘任涛),Zhao H-L(赵哈林),Zhao X(赵学).Distribution of Formica cunicularia mound and related affecting factors on mobile dune in Horqin sandy land.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2009,20(2):376-380(in Chinese)
[26]Cole BJ.Nest architecture in the western harvester ant,Pogonomyrmex occidentals(Cresson).Insect Sociaux,1994,41:401-410
[27]Li XR,Gao YH,Su JQ,et al.Ants mediate soil water in arid desert ecosystems:Mitigating rainfall interception induced by biological soil crusts?Applied Soil Ecology,2014,78:57-64
[28]Arnold SS,Fernandez IJ,Rustad LE,et al.Microbial response of an acid forest soil to experimental soil warming.Biology and Fertility of Soils,1999,30:239-244
[29]Fisher FM,Gosz JR.Effects of trenching on soil processes and properties in a New Mexico mixed-conifer forest.Biology and Fertility of Soils,1986,2:35-42
[30]Wagner D,Brown MJF,Gordon DF.Harvester ant nests,soil biota and soil chemistry.Oecologia,1997,112:232-236
[31]Salem M,Hole F.Ant(Formica exectoides)pedoturbacion in a forest soil.Soil Science Society of America Journal,1968,32:563-567
[32]Paton TR,Humphreys GS,Mitghell PB.Soils:A new global view.Journal of Quaternary Science,1997,12:77-78
[33]Mandel RD,Sorenson CJ.The role of the western harvester ant(Pogonomyrmex occidentalis)in soil formation.Soil Science Society of America Journal,1982,46:785-788
[34]Chen Y-W(陈应武),Li X-R(李新荣),Su Y-G(苏延桂),et al.Study on the eco-functions of Formica cunicularia(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)in a revegetated area on the southeast fringe of Tengger Desert,North China.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2007,27(4):1508-1514(in Chinese)
[35]Anderson TH,Domsch KH.Ratios of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1989,21:471-479
[36]Tirol PA,Ladha JK.Assessing the reliability of permanganate-oxidizable carbon as an index of soil labile carbon.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68:969-978
[37]Wang QK,Wang SL,Deng SJ.Comparative study on active soil organic matter in Chinese fir plantation and native broad-leaved forest in subtropical China.Journal of Forestry Research,2005,16:23-26
[38]Wang Y(王艳),Yang L-J(杨丽娟),Zhou C-J(周崇峻),et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on the EOC content in vegetable soil in greenhouse.Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持通报),2010,30(4):32-35(in Chinese)
[39]Chen J(陈骥),Cao J-J(曹军骥),Zhang S-Y(张思毅),et al.Ants’hill-building activities on the plant community structure in alpine meadow grassland in the northern Qinghai Lake,China.Journal of Earth Environment(地球环境学报),2013,4(5):1461-1469(in Chinese)
[40]MacMahon JA,Mull JF,Crist TO.Harvester ants(Pogonomyrmex spp.):Their community and ecosystem influences.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,2000,31:265-291
[2]Shen H(沈宏),Cao Z-H(曹志洪),Wang Z-M(王志明).Study on soil C pool management index of different farmland ecosystems.Journal of Natural Resources(自然资源学报),1999,14(3):15-20(in Chinese)
[3]Xie T(谢涛),Zheng A-B(郑阿宝),Wang G-B(王国兵),et al.Seasonal variation patterns of soil labile organic carbon in poplar plantations with different ages in northern Jiangsu.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2012,31(5):1171-1178(in Chinese)
[4]Wang Q-K(王清奎),Wang S-L(汪思龙),Feng Z-W(冯宗炜),et al.Active soil organic matter and its relationship with soil quality.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2005,25(3):513-519(in Chinese)
[5]Liu H(刘红),Yuan X-Z(袁兴中),Zhang C-D(张承德).Community structure and species diversity of ant in Qufu,Shandong Province.Biodiversity Science(生物多样性),2002,10(3):298-304(in Chinese)
[6]Dirk S,Frank VFJ.Ecosystem engineering and predation:The multi-trophic impact of two ant species.Journal of Animal Ecology,2011,80:569-576
[7]Chen Y-Y(陈元瑶),Wei C(魏琮),He H(贺虹),et al.Correlation of physicochemical characteristics and microbial biomass among nest soil of Camponotus japonicus and Pachycondyla astute in Qingling Mountains.Journal of Northwest Forestry University(西北林学院学报),2012,27(2):121-126(in Chinese)
[8]Wang S-J(王邵军),Wang H(王红),Li J-H(李霁航).Distribution characteristics of ant mounds and correlating factors across different succession stages of tropical forests in Xishuangbanna.Biodiversity Science(生物多样性),2016,24(8):916-921(in Chinese)
[9]Cammeraat ELH,Risch AC.The impact of ants on mineral soil properties and processes at different spatial scales.Journal of Applied Entomology,2008,132:285-294
[10]Wang S-J(王邵军),Ruan H-H(阮宏华),Wang J-S(汪家社),et al.Composition structure of soil fauna community under the typical vegetations in the Wuyi Mountains,China.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2010,30(19):5174-5184(in Chinese)
[11]Tan G-X(谭桂霞),Liu Y-Q(刘苑秋),Li L-L(李莲莲),et al.Content and seasonal change of soil labile organic carbon under four different plantations in degraded red soil region.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensi(江西农业大学学报),2014,36(2):434-440(in Chinese)
[12]Gu X(辜翔),Zhang S-J(张仕吉),Xiang W-H(项文化),et al.Seasonal dynamics of active soil organic carbon in four subtropical forests in Southern China.Chinese Journal of plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2016,40(10):1064-1076(in Chinese)
[13]Wang G-B(王国兵),Zhao X-L(赵小龙),Wang M-H(王明慧),et al.Effects of land use change on soil readily oxidizable carbon in a coastal area of norther Jiangsu province,East China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2013,24(4):921-926(in Chinese)
[14]Frouz J.The effect of nest moisture on daily temperature regime in the nests of Formica polyctena wood ants.Insectes Sociaux,2000,47:229-235
[15]Wang Y(王莹),Ruan H-H(阮宏华),Huang L-L(黄亮亮),et al.Soil labile organic carbon of different land use types in a reclaimed land area of Taihu Lake.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2010,29(4):741-748(in Chinese)
[16]Yang J-L(杨君珑),Zhang X-L(张学丽),Cao B(曹兵),et al.Active organic carbon in soil of typical vegetation in Luoshan of Ningxia.Journal of West China Forestry Science(西部林业科学),2017,46(4):61-66(in Chinese)
[17]Montague T,Kjelgren R.Energy balance of six common landscape surfaces and the influence of surface properties on gas exchange of four containerized tree species.Scientia Horticulturae,2003,100:229-249
[18]Li J-H(李霁航),Wang S-J(王邵军),Wang H(王红),et al.Effect of ant nesting on soil respiration in a tropical forest of Syzygium ablatum community.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2018,38(17):98-102(in Chinese)
[19]Verburg PSJ,Dam DV,Hefting MM,et al.Microbial transformations of C and N in a boreal forest floor as affected by temperature.Plant and Soil,1999,208:187-197
[20]Joergensen RG,Castillo X.Interrelationships between microbial and soil properties in young volcanic ash soils of Nicaragua.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33:1581-1589
[21]Xu X(徐侠),Wang F(王丰),Luan Y-L(栾以玲),et al.Soil readily oxidizable carbon along an elevation gradient of Wuyi Mountains in southeastern China.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2008,27(7):1115-1121(in Chinese)
[22]James AL,Eldridge DJ,Koen TB,et al.Landscape position moderates how ant nests affect hydrology and soil chemistry across a Chihuahuan Desert watershed.Landscape Ecology,2008,23:961-975
[23]Li T-C(李同川).Characteristics of Soil Macropore on the Loess Plateau and Their Effects on Soil Water.PhDThesis.Yangling,Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2017(in Chinese)
[24]Yang X-D(杨效东).Comparison of the communities structure and seasonal changes in diversity of soil arthropod in tropical secondary forest,dry-rice land and fired remains.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2003,23(5):883-891(in Chinese)
[25]Liu R-T(刘任涛),Zhao H-L(赵哈林),Zhao X(赵学).Distribution of Formica cunicularia mound and related affecting factors on mobile dune in Horqin sandy land.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2009,20(2):376-380(in Chinese)
[26]Cole BJ.Nest architecture in the western harvester ant,Pogonomyrmex occidentals(Cresson).Insect Sociaux,1994,41:401-410
[27]Li XR,Gao YH,Su JQ,et al.Ants mediate soil water in arid desert ecosystems:Mitigating rainfall interception induced by biological soil crusts?Applied Soil Ecology,2014,78:57-64
[28]Arnold SS,Fernandez IJ,Rustad LE,et al.Microbial response of an acid forest soil to experimental soil warming.Biology and Fertility of Soils,1999,30:239-244
[29]Fisher FM,Gosz JR.Effects of trenching on soil processes and properties in a New Mexico mixed-conifer forest.Biology and Fertility of Soils,1986,2:35-42
[30]Wagner D,Brown MJF,Gordon DF.Harvester ant nests,soil biota and soil chemistry.Oecologia,1997,112:232-236
[31]Salem M,Hole F.Ant(Formica exectoides)pedoturbacion in a forest soil.Soil Science Society of America Journal,1968,32:563-567
[32]Paton TR,Humphreys GS,Mitghell PB.Soils:A new global view.Journal of Quaternary Science,1997,12:77-78
[33]Mandel RD,Sorenson CJ.The role of the western harvester ant(Pogonomyrmex occidentalis)in soil formation.Soil Science Society of America Journal,1982,46:785-788
[34]Chen Y-W(陈应武),Li X-R(李新荣),Su Y-G(苏延桂),et al.Study on the eco-functions of Formica cunicularia(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)in a revegetated area on the southeast fringe of Tengger Desert,North China.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2007,27(4):1508-1514(in Chinese)
[35]Anderson TH,Domsch KH.Ratios of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1989,21:471-479
[36]Tirol PA,Ladha JK.Assessing the reliability of permanganate-oxidizable carbon as an index of soil labile carbon.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68:969-978
[37]Wang QK,Wang SL,Deng SJ.Comparative study on active soil organic matter in Chinese fir plantation and native broad-leaved forest in subtropical China.Journal of Forestry Research,2005,16:23-26
[38]Wang Y(王艳),Yang L-J(杨丽娟),Zhou C-J(周崇峻),et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on the EOC content in vegetable soil in greenhouse.Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持通报),2010,30(4):32-35(in Chinese)
[39]Chen J(陈骥),Cao J-J(曹军骥),Zhang S-Y(张思毅),et al.Ants’hill-building activities on the plant community structure in alpine meadow grassland in the northern Qinghai Lake,China.Journal of Earth Environment(地球环境学报),2013,4(5):1461-1469(in Chinese)
[40]MacMahon JA,Mull JF,Crist TO.Harvester ants(Pogonomyrmex spp.):Their community and ecosystem influences.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,2000,31:265-291