模拟氮沉降对甜槠林分凋落物及主要养分归还量的影响
|
摘要
选取亚热带典型的常绿阔叶甜槠林为研究对象,从2011年4月至2013年6月进行模拟氮(N)沉降试验,以探讨甜槠林凋落物养分归还量对N沉降的响应。氮沉降水平分别为:对照(CK,0 kg N hm-2a-1),低氮(LN,50 kg N hm-2a-1),高氮(HN,100 kg N hm-2a-1),高氮+磷(HN+P,100 kg N hm-2a-1+50 kg P hm-2a-1),每个处理重复3次。在模拟氮沉降2 a后,于2012年7月开始收集各样地的凋落物样品,分析凋落物及其养分归还量。结果表明:不同处理凋落物量没有显著差异,表明氮沉降增加没有显著提高林分凋落物产量;不同处理落叶、落枝中N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量均无显著差异,表明氮沉降亦没有显著增加凋落物各养分含量;模拟氮沉降处理均增加了各养分元素年归还量,但不同元素对N沉降的响应不同。N、K和Mg年归还量与CK存在显著差异,而P和Ca年归还量与CK处理无显著差异。
A simulated nitrogen pre cipitation experiment was conducted in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved Castanopsis eyrei forest started from April 2011 in southern Anhui. Four treatments were designed such as CK(0 kg N hm-2a-1), low N(LN, 50 kg N hm-2a-1), high N(HN, 100 kg N hm-2a-1), high N+P(HN+P, 100 kg N hm-2a-1+ 50 kg P hm-2a-1), with three replicates for each treatment. After two-year simulated nitrogen precipitation,litterfall was measured from July 2012. The results showed that different nitrogen additions did not significantly increase litter production. The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in litter fractions(leaf and twig litter) were also not significantly increased among different treatments. The different nutrient elements showed variant responses to simulated nitrogen precipitation. In comparison with the control, N additions significantly increased annual nutrient returns of N, K and Mg. However, there were no significant differences on the annual returns of P and Ca between treatments and controls.
A simulated nitrogen pre cipitation experiment was conducted in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved Castanopsis eyrei forest started from April 2011 in southern Anhui. Four treatments were designed such as CK(0 kg N hm-2a-1), low N(LN, 50 kg N hm-2a-1), high N(HN, 100 kg N hm-2a-1), high N+P(HN+P, 100 kg N hm-2a-1+ 50 kg P hm-2a-1), with three replicates for each treatment. After two-year simulated nitrogen precipitation,litterfall was measured from July 2012. The results showed that different nitrogen additions did not significantly increase litter production. The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in litter fractions(leaf and twig litter) were also not significantly increased among different treatments. The different nutrient elements showed variant responses to simulated nitrogen precipitation. In comparison with the control, N additions significantly increased annual nutrient returns of N, K and Mg. However, there were no significant differences on the annual returns of P and Ca between treatments and controls.
引文
[1]GALLOWAY J N,DENTENER F J,CAPONE D G,et al.Nitrogen cycles:past,present,and future[J].Biogeochemistry,2004,70:153-226.
[2]Holland E A,Dentener F J,Braswell B H,Sulzman J M.Contemporary and pre-industrial global reactive nitrogen budget[J].Biogeochemistry,1999,46(1/3):7-43.
[3]HOGBERG P,FAN H B,QUIST M,et al.Tree growth and soil acidification in response to 30 year of experimental nitrogen loading on boreal forest[J].Global Change Biology,2006,12:489-499.
[4]樊后保,刘文飞,杨跃霖,等.杉木人工林凋落物分解对模拟氮沉降增加的响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,20(2):8-13.
[5]LU C,TIAN H.Spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen deposition in China:Synthesis of observational data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2007,112(D22):D22S05.
[6]ZHU J,HE N,WANG Q,YUAN G,WEN D,YU G,JIA Y.The composition,spatial patterns,and influencing factors of atmospheric wet nitrogen deposition in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,511,777-785.
[7]MO J M,ZHANG W,ZHU W X,et al.Nitrogen addition reduces soil respiration in a nuture tropical forest in southern China[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(2):403-412.
[8]XIA T Y,NIU S L,WAN S Q.Response of ecosystem carbon exchange to warming and nitrogen addition during two hydrologically contrasting growing seasons in a temperate steppe[J].Global Change Biology,2009,15(6):1544-1559.
[9]沈芳芳,袁颖红,樊后保,等.氮沉降对杉木人工林土壤有机碳矿化和土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(2):517-527.
[10]吴承祯,洪伟,姜志林,等.我国森林凋落物研究进展[J].江西农业大学学报,2000,22:405-410.
[11]LIKENS GE,BROMANN FH.Biogeochemisitry of Forested Ecosystem[J].Berlin,New York:Springer,1977.
[12]刘文飞,樊后保,袁颖红,等.氮沉降对杉木人工林凋落物大量元素归还量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(1):137-141.
[13]SHENG W P,YU G R,JIANG C M,et al.F.Monitoring nitrogen deposition in typical forest ecosystems along a large transect in China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185:833-44.
[14]MADRITCH M D,HUNTER M D.Phenotypic diversity and litter chemistry affect nutrient dynamics during litter decomposition in a two species mix[J].Oikos,2004,105(1):125-131.
[15]TU L H,HU H L,CHEN G,,et al..Nitrogen Addition Significantly Affects Forest Litter Decomposition under High Levels of Ambient Nitrogen Deposition:e88752.
[16]徐旺明,闫文德,李洁冰,等.亚热带4种森林凋落物量及其动态特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(23):7570-7575.
[17]CUEVAS E,LUGO A E.Dynamics of organic matter and nutrient return from litterfall in stands of ten tropical tree plantation species[J].Forest Ecology and Management,1998,112(3):263-279.
[18]LIAN Y W,ZHANG Q S.Conversion of a natural broadleafed evergreen forest into pure and mixed plantation forests in a subtropical area:effect on nutrient cycling[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1998,28(10):1518-1529.
[19]SUNDARAPANDIAN S M,SWAMY P S.Litter production and leaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropical forest at Kodayar in the Western Ghats,India[J].Forest Ecology and Management,1999,123(2/3):231-244.
[20]GUO J F,CHEN G S,QIAN W,et al.Litterfall production and nutrient return in two natural forests and a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in Wanmulin Nature Reserve[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(12):4091-4098.
[21]樊后保,刘文飞,裘秀群,等.杉木人工林凋落物量对氮沉降增加的初期响应[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(9):1335-1338.
[22]KOZOVITS AR,BUSTAMANTE MMC,GAROFALO CR,et al.Nutrient resorption and patterns of litter production and decomposition in a Neotropical Savanna[J].Functional Ecology,2007,21:1034-1043.
[23]MAKAROV M I,KRASILNIKOVA T L.Nitrogen and phosphorous contents in plants under condition of industrial pollution of the atomosphere and the soil[J].Moscow University soil Science Bulletin,1987,42(3):2-11.
[24]BERG B.Initial rates and limit values for decomposition of Scots pine and Norway spruce needle litter:a synthesis for Nfertilized forest stands[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2000,30(1):122-135.
[25]PALMA RM,DEFRIERI RL,TORTAROLO MF,et al.Seasonal changes of bioelements in litter and their potential return to green leaves in four species of the Argentine Subtropical forest[J].Annals of Botany,2002,85,181-186.
[26]ZIMMERMANN S,BRAUN S,CONEDERA M,et al.Macronutrient inputs by litterfall as opposed to atmospheric deposition into two contrasting chetnut forest stands in southern Switzerland[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2002,161:289-302.
[27]袁颖红,樊后保,王强,等.模拟氮沉降对杉木人工林土壤有效养分的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2007,24(4):437-444.
[28]BERG B,MATZNER E.Effect of N deposition on decomposition of plant litter and so il organic matter in forest systems[J].Environmental Review,1997,5(1):1-25.
[2]Holland E A,Dentener F J,Braswell B H,Sulzman J M.Contemporary and pre-industrial global reactive nitrogen budget[J].Biogeochemistry,1999,46(1/3):7-43.
[3]HOGBERG P,FAN H B,QUIST M,et al.Tree growth and soil acidification in response to 30 year of experimental nitrogen loading on boreal forest[J].Global Change Biology,2006,12:489-499.
[4]樊后保,刘文飞,杨跃霖,等.杉木人工林凋落物分解对模拟氮沉降增加的响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,20(2):8-13.
[5]LU C,TIAN H.Spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen deposition in China:Synthesis of observational data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2007,112(D22):D22S05.
[6]ZHU J,HE N,WANG Q,YUAN G,WEN D,YU G,JIA Y.The composition,spatial patterns,and influencing factors of atmospheric wet nitrogen deposition in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,511,777-785.
[7]MO J M,ZHANG W,ZHU W X,et al.Nitrogen addition reduces soil respiration in a nuture tropical forest in southern China[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(2):403-412.
[8]XIA T Y,NIU S L,WAN S Q.Response of ecosystem carbon exchange to warming and nitrogen addition during two hydrologically contrasting growing seasons in a temperate steppe[J].Global Change Biology,2009,15(6):1544-1559.
[9]沈芳芳,袁颖红,樊后保,等.氮沉降对杉木人工林土壤有机碳矿化和土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(2):517-527.
[10]吴承祯,洪伟,姜志林,等.我国森林凋落物研究进展[J].江西农业大学学报,2000,22:405-410.
[11]LIKENS GE,BROMANN FH.Biogeochemisitry of Forested Ecosystem[J].Berlin,New York:Springer,1977.
[12]刘文飞,樊后保,袁颖红,等.氮沉降对杉木人工林凋落物大量元素归还量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(1):137-141.
[13]SHENG W P,YU G R,JIANG C M,et al.F.Monitoring nitrogen deposition in typical forest ecosystems along a large transect in China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185:833-44.
[14]MADRITCH M D,HUNTER M D.Phenotypic diversity and litter chemistry affect nutrient dynamics during litter decomposition in a two species mix[J].Oikos,2004,105(1):125-131.
[15]TU L H,HU H L,CHEN G,,et al..Nitrogen Addition Significantly Affects Forest Litter Decomposition under High Levels of Ambient Nitrogen Deposition:e88752.
[16]徐旺明,闫文德,李洁冰,等.亚热带4种森林凋落物量及其动态特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(23):7570-7575.
[17]CUEVAS E,LUGO A E.Dynamics of organic matter and nutrient return from litterfall in stands of ten tropical tree plantation species[J].Forest Ecology and Management,1998,112(3):263-279.
[18]LIAN Y W,ZHANG Q S.Conversion of a natural broadleafed evergreen forest into pure and mixed plantation forests in a subtropical area:effect on nutrient cycling[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1998,28(10):1518-1529.
[19]SUNDARAPANDIAN S M,SWAMY P S.Litter production and leaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropical forest at Kodayar in the Western Ghats,India[J].Forest Ecology and Management,1999,123(2/3):231-244.
[20]GUO J F,CHEN G S,QIAN W,et al.Litterfall production and nutrient return in two natural forests and a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in Wanmulin Nature Reserve[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(12):4091-4098.
[21]樊后保,刘文飞,裘秀群,等.杉木人工林凋落物量对氮沉降增加的初期响应[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(9):1335-1338.
[22]KOZOVITS AR,BUSTAMANTE MMC,GAROFALO CR,et al.Nutrient resorption and patterns of litter production and decomposition in a Neotropical Savanna[J].Functional Ecology,2007,21:1034-1043.
[23]MAKAROV M I,KRASILNIKOVA T L.Nitrogen and phosphorous contents in plants under condition of industrial pollution of the atomosphere and the soil[J].Moscow University soil Science Bulletin,1987,42(3):2-11.
[24]BERG B.Initial rates and limit values for decomposition of Scots pine and Norway spruce needle litter:a synthesis for Nfertilized forest stands[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2000,30(1):122-135.
[25]PALMA RM,DEFRIERI RL,TORTAROLO MF,et al.Seasonal changes of bioelements in litter and their potential return to green leaves in four species of the Argentine Subtropical forest[J].Annals of Botany,2002,85,181-186.
[26]ZIMMERMANN S,BRAUN S,CONEDERA M,et al.Macronutrient inputs by litterfall as opposed to atmospheric deposition into two contrasting chetnut forest stands in southern Switzerland[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2002,161:289-302.
[27]袁颖红,樊后保,王强,等.模拟氮沉降对杉木人工林土壤有效养分的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2007,24(4):437-444.
[28]BERG B,MATZNER E.Effect of N deposition on decomposition of plant litter and so il organic matter in forest systems[J].Environmental Review,1997,5(1):1-25.