模拟氮沉降对云杉人工林土壤有机碳组分及理化性质的影响
|
摘要
大气氮沉降已成为目前全球性的环境问题之一。氮沉降可能影响森林生态系统碳循环的过程,研究氮沉降对森林土壤有机碳库的影响,有利于正确评估森林生态系统碳循环过程及其对全球气候变化的响应。为探究氮沉降对森林生态系统碳循环的影响,以四川云杉Picea asperata人工林为研究对象,研究了氮沉降(N0,N 0 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1);N1,N 60 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1);N2,N 120 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1);N3,N 240 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))对云杉人工林土壤有机碳组分的影响。结果表明,模拟氮沉降处理下,土壤总孔隙度(TPO)与土壤容重(BD)变化趋势相反;土壤pH值变化范围在6.58~7.02之间,随N浓度的增加而降低。土壤养分(有机碳SOC、全氮TN、全钾TK、有效磷AP和有效钾AK)和有效养分均呈现出一致性规律,随着N浓度的增加而增加,模拟氮沉降处理下土壤全磷含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。与对照相比(N0),土壤易氧化有机碳(EOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)、水溶性有机碳(WSOC)和微生物量碳(SMBC)明显受氮沉降的影响。EOC、POC、轻组有机碳(LFOC)和WSOC均呈现出一致性规律,随N处理水平的增加而增加。EOC/SOC比例和微生物熵(MBC/SOC)均随N浓度的增加而增加。通径分析结果表明:1~0.05 mm粒径和TPO对土壤有机碳组分产生直接效应;<0.002 mm和pH对土壤有机碳组分产生间接效应;土壤理化性质对土壤有机碳组分产生的总效应值具体表现为1~0.05 mm>pH>TPO=(<0.002)mm>BD>0.05~0.002 mm;土壤养分对土壤有机碳组分产生直接和间接负作用,其中SOC、TN和AK对土壤有机碳组分产生直接效应;TK和AP对土壤有机碳组分产生间接效应;总效应值大小依次为SOC>TN>AK>TK>TP>AP。综合分析表明,氮沉降有利于云杉人工林土壤有机碳组分稳定性的提高,利于土壤有机碳的累积。
The impacts of nitrogen deposition on soil labile carbon at different age poplar plantations were examined in this study. As an essential indicator of soil quality, soil organic carbon(SOC) and its fractions play an important role in many soil chemical, physical and biological properties. We conducted a field experiment to simulate nitrogen deposition(N0, N 0 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1); N1, N 60 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1); N2, N 120 kg·hm-2·a-1; N3, N 240 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)) with Picea asperata plantation in Sichuan Province. The results as follows: soil total porosity(TPO) had the opposite trend with bulk density(BD) in order of N3>N2>N1>N0. Soil p H decreased with the increasing of nitrogen concentration. Soil nutrients(soil organic carbon and total nitrogen) had the same variation trend which showed N3>N2>N1>N0, while there was no significantly difference in soil total phosphorus(P>0.05), and there was a spatial variability with the higher variable coefficient. Compared with N0, the easy oxidation of soil organic carbon(EOC), particulate organic carbon(POC), light group of organic carbon(LFOC), water soluble organic carbon(WSOC), soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC) had the same change trends, which showed N3>N2>N1>N0. Further, the ratio of EOC/SOC increased with the increasing of nitrogen concentration. Path analysis showed that TPO and 1~0.05 mm particle size had the direct effect to soil organic carbon fractions, and <0.002 mm particle size and p H had the indirect effect to soil organic carbon fractions. Also, SOC, TN and AK had the direct effect to soil organic carbon fractions, and TK and AP had the indirect effect to soil organic carbon fractions. Overall, nitrogen deposition is beneficial to the stability of the soil organic carbon in spruce plantation soil, which is beneficial to the accumulation of soil organic carbon.
The impacts of nitrogen deposition on soil labile carbon at different age poplar plantations were examined in this study. As an essential indicator of soil quality, soil organic carbon(SOC) and its fractions play an important role in many soil chemical, physical and biological properties. We conducted a field experiment to simulate nitrogen deposition(N0, N 0 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1); N1, N 60 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1); N2, N 120 kg·hm-2·a-1; N3, N 240 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)) with Picea asperata plantation in Sichuan Province. The results as follows: soil total porosity(TPO) had the opposite trend with bulk density(BD) in order of N3>N2>N1>N0. Soil p H decreased with the increasing of nitrogen concentration. Soil nutrients(soil organic carbon and total nitrogen) had the same variation trend which showed N3>N2>N1>N0, while there was no significantly difference in soil total phosphorus(P>0.05), and there was a spatial variability with the higher variable coefficient. Compared with N0, the easy oxidation of soil organic carbon(EOC), particulate organic carbon(POC), light group of organic carbon(LFOC), water soluble organic carbon(WSOC), soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC) had the same change trends, which showed N3>N2>N1>N0. Further, the ratio of EOC/SOC increased with the increasing of nitrogen concentration. Path analysis showed that TPO and 1~0.05 mm particle size had the direct effect to soil organic carbon fractions, and <0.002 mm particle size and p H had the indirect effect to soil organic carbon fractions. Also, SOC, TN and AK had the direct effect to soil organic carbon fractions, and TK and AP had the indirect effect to soil organic carbon fractions. Overall, nitrogen deposition is beneficial to the stability of the soil organic carbon in spruce plantation soil, which is beneficial to the accumulation of soil organic carbon.
引文
FENN M E,POTH M A,ABER J D,et al.1998.Nitrogen excess in north american ecosystems:predisposing factors,ecosystem responses,and management strategies.Ecological Applications,8(3):706-733.
HYVONEN R,PERSSON T,ANDERSSON S,et al.2008.Impact of long-term nitrogen addition on carbon stocks in trees and soils in northern Europe[J].Biogeochemistry,89(1):121-137.
MAGNANI F,MENCUCCINI M,BORGHETTI M,et al.2007.The human footprint in the carbon cycle of temperate and boreal forests[J].Nature,447(7146):849-851.
SCHUUR E A G,MCGUIRE A D,SCHADEL C,et al.2015.Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback[J].Nature,520(7546):171-179.
鲍士旦.2000.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
曾婷婷,张玲玲,李意德,等.2016.林型转化对土壤p H、有机碳组分和交换性矿质元素的影响[J].生态环境学报,25(4):576-582.
陈浩,莫江明,张炜,等.2012.氮沉降对森林生态系统碳吸存的影响[J].生态学报,32(21):6864-6879.
陈美领,陈浩,毛庆功,等.2016.氮沉降对森林土壤磷循环的影响[J].生态学报,36(16):4965-4976.
陈志杰,韩士杰,张军辉.2016.土地利用变化对漳江口红树林土壤有机碳组分的影响[J].生态学杂志,35(9):2379-2385.
段洪浪,刘菊秀,邓琦,等.2009.CO2浓度升高与氮沉降对南亚热带森林生态系统植物生物量积累及分配格局的影响[J].植物生态学报,33(3):570-579.
樊后保,黄玉梓,袁颖红,等.2007.森林生态系统碳循环对全球氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,27(7):2997-3009.
樊后保,黄玉梓,袁颖红,等.2015.森林生态系统碳循环对全球氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,27(7):341-353.
方华,莫江明.2015.氮沉降对森林凋落物分解的影响[J].生态学报,7(9):357-366.
方运霆,莫江明,GUNDERSEN P,et al.2004.森林土壤氮素转换及其对氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,24(7):1523-1531.
黄雪夏,唐晓红,魏朝富,等.2007.利用方式对紫色水稻土有机碳与颗粒态有机碳的影响[J].生态环境学报,16(4):1277-1281.
李德军,莫江明,方运霆,等.2003.氮沉降对森林植物的影响[J].生态学报,23(9):1891-1900.
李德军,莫江明,方运霆,等.2015.沉降对森林植物的影响[J].生态学报,8(9):211-220.
廖丹,于东升,赵永存,等.2015.成都典型区水稻土有机碳组分构成及其影响因素研究[J].土壤学报,52(3):517-527.
林伟,马红亮,裴广廷,等.2016.氮添加对亚热带森林土壤有机碳氮组分的影响[J].环境科学研究,29(1):67-76.
刘彩霞,焦如珍,董玉红,等.2015.模拟氮沉降对杉木林土壤氮循环相关微生物的影响[J].林业科学,51(4):96-102.
龙凤玲,李义勇,方熊,等.2014.大气CO2浓度上升和氮添加对南亚热带模拟森林生态系统土壤碳稳定性的影响[J].植物生态学报,38(10):1053-1063.
马芬,马红亮,邱泓,等.2015.水分状况与不同形态氮添加对亚热带森林土壤氮素净转化速率及N2O排放的影响[J].应用生态学报,26(2):379-387.
莫江明,薛璟花,方运霆.2004.鼎湖山主要森林植物凋落物分解及其对N沉降的响应[J].生态学报,24(7):1413-1420.
庞学勇,刘世全,刘庆,等.2003.川西亚高山针叶林植物群落演替对土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,17(4):42-45.
彭新华,张斌,赵其国.2004.土壤有机碳库与土壤结构稳定性关系的研究进展[J].土壤学报,41(4):618-623.
全权,张震,何念鹏,等.2015.短期氮添加对东灵山三种森林土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学杂志,34(3):797-804.
王晖,莫江明,鲁显楷,等.2008.南亚热带森林土壤微生物量碳对氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,28(2):470-478.
王晶苑,张心昱,温学发,等.2013.氮沉降对森林土壤有机质和凋落物分解的影响及其微生物学机制[J].生态学报,33(5):1337-1346.
王绍强,周成虎,李克让,等.2000.中国土壤有机碳库及空间分布特征分析[J].地理学报,3(5):533-544.
王绍强,周成虎.1999.中国陆地土壤有机碳库的估算[J].地理研究,18(4):349-356.
邬建红,潘剑君,葛序娟,等.2015.不同农业利用方式土壤有机碳矿化及其与有机碳组分的关系[J].水土保持学报,29(6):178-183.
吴迪,张蕊,高升华,等.2015.模拟氮沉降对长江中下游滩地杨树林土壤呼吸各组分的影响[J].生态学报,35(3):717-724.
吴金水.2006.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社.
许凯,徐钰,张梦珊,等.2014.氮添加对苏北沿海杨树人工林土壤活性有机碳库的影响[J].生态学杂志,33(6):1480-1486.
杨君珑,李小伟.2017.宁夏不同草地类型土壤有机碳组分特征[J].生态环境学报,26(1):55-61.
游成铭,胡中民,郭群,等.2016.氮添加对内蒙古温带典型草原生态系统碳交换的影响[J].生态学报,36(8):2142-2150.
张建华,唐志尧,沈海花,等.2017.氮添加对北京东灵山地区灌丛土壤呼吸的影响[J].植物生态学报,41(1):81-94.
张俊华,丁维新,孟磊.2010.海南热带橡胶园土壤易氧化有机碳空间变异特征研究[J].生态环境学报,19(11):2563-2567.
张炜,莫江明,方运霆,等.2015.氮沉降对森林土壤主要温室气体通量的影响[J].生态学报,28(5):431-441.
张英英,蔡立群,武均,等.2017.不同耕作措施下陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤活性有机碳组分及其与酶活性间的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,35(1):1-7.
张忠启,于东升,潘剑君,等.2015.红壤典型区不同类型土壤有机碳组分构成及空间分异研究[J].土壤,47(2):318-323.
HYVONEN R,PERSSON T,ANDERSSON S,et al.2008.Impact of long-term nitrogen addition on carbon stocks in trees and soils in northern Europe[J].Biogeochemistry,89(1):121-137.
MAGNANI F,MENCUCCINI M,BORGHETTI M,et al.2007.The human footprint in the carbon cycle of temperate and boreal forests[J].Nature,447(7146):849-851.
SCHUUR E A G,MCGUIRE A D,SCHADEL C,et al.2015.Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback[J].Nature,520(7546):171-179.
鲍士旦.2000.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
曾婷婷,张玲玲,李意德,等.2016.林型转化对土壤p H、有机碳组分和交换性矿质元素的影响[J].生态环境学报,25(4):576-582.
陈浩,莫江明,张炜,等.2012.氮沉降对森林生态系统碳吸存的影响[J].生态学报,32(21):6864-6879.
陈美领,陈浩,毛庆功,等.2016.氮沉降对森林土壤磷循环的影响[J].生态学报,36(16):4965-4976.
陈志杰,韩士杰,张军辉.2016.土地利用变化对漳江口红树林土壤有机碳组分的影响[J].生态学杂志,35(9):2379-2385.
段洪浪,刘菊秀,邓琦,等.2009.CO2浓度升高与氮沉降对南亚热带森林生态系统植物生物量积累及分配格局的影响[J].植物生态学报,33(3):570-579.
樊后保,黄玉梓,袁颖红,等.2007.森林生态系统碳循环对全球氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,27(7):2997-3009.
樊后保,黄玉梓,袁颖红,等.2015.森林生态系统碳循环对全球氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,27(7):341-353.
方华,莫江明.2015.氮沉降对森林凋落物分解的影响[J].生态学报,7(9):357-366.
方运霆,莫江明,GUNDERSEN P,et al.2004.森林土壤氮素转换及其对氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,24(7):1523-1531.
黄雪夏,唐晓红,魏朝富,等.2007.利用方式对紫色水稻土有机碳与颗粒态有机碳的影响[J].生态环境学报,16(4):1277-1281.
李德军,莫江明,方运霆,等.2003.氮沉降对森林植物的影响[J].生态学报,23(9):1891-1900.
李德军,莫江明,方运霆,等.2015.沉降对森林植物的影响[J].生态学报,8(9):211-220.
廖丹,于东升,赵永存,等.2015.成都典型区水稻土有机碳组分构成及其影响因素研究[J].土壤学报,52(3):517-527.
林伟,马红亮,裴广廷,等.2016.氮添加对亚热带森林土壤有机碳氮组分的影响[J].环境科学研究,29(1):67-76.
刘彩霞,焦如珍,董玉红,等.2015.模拟氮沉降对杉木林土壤氮循环相关微生物的影响[J].林业科学,51(4):96-102.
龙凤玲,李义勇,方熊,等.2014.大气CO2浓度上升和氮添加对南亚热带模拟森林生态系统土壤碳稳定性的影响[J].植物生态学报,38(10):1053-1063.
马芬,马红亮,邱泓,等.2015.水分状况与不同形态氮添加对亚热带森林土壤氮素净转化速率及N2O排放的影响[J].应用生态学报,26(2):379-387.
莫江明,薛璟花,方运霆.2004.鼎湖山主要森林植物凋落物分解及其对N沉降的响应[J].生态学报,24(7):1413-1420.
庞学勇,刘世全,刘庆,等.2003.川西亚高山针叶林植物群落演替对土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,17(4):42-45.
彭新华,张斌,赵其国.2004.土壤有机碳库与土壤结构稳定性关系的研究进展[J].土壤学报,41(4):618-623.
全权,张震,何念鹏,等.2015.短期氮添加对东灵山三种森林土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学杂志,34(3):797-804.
王晖,莫江明,鲁显楷,等.2008.南亚热带森林土壤微生物量碳对氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,28(2):470-478.
王晶苑,张心昱,温学发,等.2013.氮沉降对森林土壤有机质和凋落物分解的影响及其微生物学机制[J].生态学报,33(5):1337-1346.
王绍强,周成虎,李克让,等.2000.中国土壤有机碳库及空间分布特征分析[J].地理学报,3(5):533-544.
王绍强,周成虎.1999.中国陆地土壤有机碳库的估算[J].地理研究,18(4):349-356.
邬建红,潘剑君,葛序娟,等.2015.不同农业利用方式土壤有机碳矿化及其与有机碳组分的关系[J].水土保持学报,29(6):178-183.
吴迪,张蕊,高升华,等.2015.模拟氮沉降对长江中下游滩地杨树林土壤呼吸各组分的影响[J].生态学报,35(3):717-724.
吴金水.2006.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社.
许凯,徐钰,张梦珊,等.2014.氮添加对苏北沿海杨树人工林土壤活性有机碳库的影响[J].生态学杂志,33(6):1480-1486.
杨君珑,李小伟.2017.宁夏不同草地类型土壤有机碳组分特征[J].生态环境学报,26(1):55-61.
游成铭,胡中民,郭群,等.2016.氮添加对内蒙古温带典型草原生态系统碳交换的影响[J].生态学报,36(8):2142-2150.
张建华,唐志尧,沈海花,等.2017.氮添加对北京东灵山地区灌丛土壤呼吸的影响[J].植物生态学报,41(1):81-94.
张俊华,丁维新,孟磊.2010.海南热带橡胶园土壤易氧化有机碳空间变异特征研究[J].生态环境学报,19(11):2563-2567.
张炜,莫江明,方运霆,等.2015.氮沉降对森林土壤主要温室气体通量的影响[J].生态学报,28(5):431-441.
张英英,蔡立群,武均,等.2017.不同耕作措施下陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤活性有机碳组分及其与酶活性间的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,35(1):1-7.
张忠启,于东升,潘剑君,等.2015.红壤典型区不同类型土壤有机碳组分构成及空间分异研究[J].土壤,47(2):318-323.