岩溶区不同恢复方式下土壤有机碳组分及酶活性研究
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摘要
【目的】植被的自然恢复和人工重建是加速岩溶生态系统修复、提高土壤质量的主要措施。研究岩溶区不同恢复方式下土壤有机碳组分及酶活性可揭示不同恢复方式对土壤质量的影响,旨在为岩溶区植被恢复模式的筛选和恢复的效果评价提供科学依据。【方法】以云南省建水县岩溶区自然恢复的天然次生林、人工恢复的云南松针叶林、桉树阔叶林为研究对象,分析不同土层的土壤有机碳组分、碳库管理指数和酶活性分布特征及其相关关系。【结果】各植被恢复方式下土壤有机碳(SOC)含量为9. 076～56. 855 g/kg,可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量为822. 311～1 175. 778 mg/kg,微生物量碳(MBC)含量为332. 933～2 035. 244 mg/kg,易氧化有机碳(EOC)含量为2. 381～6. 094g/kg。同一植被恢复方式下,除云南松林下的EOC含量外,各有机碳组分含量均随土层的加深而降低,局部土层深度出现波动。云南松林土壤亚表层(10～20 cm)的EOC含量显著高于表层(0～10 cm)和深层(20～30 cm)。不同植被恢复方式对DOC、EOC与SOC含量的影响大致均表现为:天然次生林>桉树林>云南松林,云南松林各土层的MBC含量始终显著高于桉树林。各有机碳组分与SOC均表现为极显著(P <0. 01)或显著(P <0. 05)正相关关系;不同植被恢复方式提升土壤碳库管理指数的能力大小为:天然次生林>桉树林>云南松林。SOC与CPI、CPMI呈极显著(P <0. 01)和显著(P <0. 05)正相关,EOC与CPAI、CPI、CPMI呈极显著(P <0. 01)或显著(P <0. 05)正相关。不同植被恢复方式通过增加土壤SOC、EOC等,从而提高了土壤碳库管理指数;整体上土壤酶活性随着土层的加深呈递减趋势,局部范围内有波动。不同植被恢复方式下土壤酶活性的变化不尽相同,过氧化氢酶和淀粉酶活性表现为天然次生林>云南松林>桉树林。各植被恢复方式下SOC、MBC、DOC、EOC含量与4种土壤酶活性均呈正相关关系,且多为显著或极显著水平。【结论】3种植被恢复措施在不同程度上提高了土壤各有机碳组分含量、碳库管理指数和土壤酶活性。其中,天然次生林对土壤整体质量的提升能力最高,桉树林在提升总有机碳及活性碳组分含量方面较为显著,而云南松林对过氧化氢酶和淀粉酶活性的提升能力更为显著。因此,应该加快岩溶区宜林土地管理方式的转变,优先考虑自然恢复,选择人工造林时要注重对阔叶树的利用和优化管理。
[Objective]Natural restoration and artificial reconstruction of vegetation are the mainmeasures to accelerate the restoration of karst ecosystems and improve soil quality. Studying the soil organic carbon fraction and enzyme activities under different restoration patterns in karst area can reveal the effect of different restoration methods on soil quality,and aims to provide scientific basis for the screening of ecological restoration patterns and evaluation of restoration effects in karst areas. [Method]Based on the naturally restored secondary forest and artificially restored Pinus yunnanensis needle forest and Eucalyptus robusta broadleaved forest in Jianshui County,Yunnan Province of southwestern China,the soil organic carbon fraction,carbon pool management indexes and enzyme activity distribution characteristics and their correlations in different soil layers were analyzed. [Result]The soil organic carbon( SOC) content was 9. 076-56. 855 g/kg,the dissolved organic carbon( DOC) content was822. 311-1 175. 778 mg/kg,the microbial biomass carbon( MBC) content was 332. 933-2 035. 244 mg/kg,and the easy oxidation organic carbon( EOC) content was 2. 381-6. 094 g/kg. Under the same vegetation restoration mode,except for the content of EOC under the Pinus yunnanensis forest,the content of each organic carbon component decreased with the increase of soil depth,and the local soil depth fluctuated. The content of EOC in the subsurface( 10-20 cm) soil of Pinus yunnanensis was significantly higher than that in the surface layer( 0-10 cm) and deep layer( 20-30 cm). The impacts of different vegetation restoration methods on DOC,EOC and SOC contents were roughly as follows: natural secondary forest > Eucalyptus robusta forest > Pinus yunnanensis forest,and the MBC content of Pinus yunnanensis forest was always significantly higher than that in the Eucalyptus robusta forest. The organic carbon components and SOC showed very significantly( P < 0. 01) or significantly( P < 0. 05) positive correlations; the ability of different vegetation restoration methods to improve the soil carbon pool management indexes was: secondary forest > eucalypt forest > Pinus yunnanensis forest. SOC had very significant and significant correlations with CPI and CPMI,and EOC also had very significant( P <0. 01) or significant( P < 0. 05) correlations with CPAI,CPI,and CPMI. Each vegetation restoration method increased soil SOC,EOC,etc.,thereby increasing the soil carbon pool management indexes. As a whole,the soil enzyme activities decreased with the deepening of the soil layer,and there was fluctuation in the local range. Soil enzyme activities varied differently under different vegetation restoration methods. The activities of catalase and amylase were shown as secondary forest > Pinus yunnanensis forest > Eucalyptus robusta forest. The SOC,MBC,DOC,and EOC contents were positively correlated with the four soil enzyme activities under various vegetation restoration patterns,and most of them were significant or very significant. [Conclusion]The three vegetation restorations improved soil organic carbon fraction,carbon pool management indexes and soil enzyme activities to varying degrees.Among them,secondary forests have the highest ability to improve the overall soil quality. Eucalyptus robusta forests have a significant increase in the content of total organic carbon and active carbon components,while the Pinus yunnanensis forest has a significantly greater ability to increase the activities of catalase and amylase. Therefore,it is necessary to speed up the transformation of land management methods in suitable forest lands in karst areas and give priority to natural restoration,and pay attention to the utilization and optimization management of broadleaved trees when selecting artificial afforestation.
[Objective]Natural restoration and artificial reconstruction of vegetation are the mainmeasures to accelerate the restoration of karst ecosystems and improve soil quality. Studying the soil organic carbon fraction and enzyme activities under different restoration patterns in karst area can reveal the effect of different restoration methods on soil quality,and aims to provide scientific basis for the screening of ecological restoration patterns and evaluation of restoration effects in karst areas. [Method]Based on the naturally restored secondary forest and artificially restored Pinus yunnanensis needle forest and Eucalyptus robusta broadleaved forest in Jianshui County,Yunnan Province of southwestern China,the soil organic carbon fraction,carbon pool management indexes and enzyme activity distribution characteristics and their correlations in different soil layers were analyzed. [Result]The soil organic carbon( SOC) content was 9. 076-56. 855 g/kg,the dissolved organic carbon( DOC) content was822. 311-1 175. 778 mg/kg,the microbial biomass carbon( MBC) content was 332. 933-2 035. 244 mg/kg,and the easy oxidation organic carbon( EOC) content was 2. 381-6. 094 g/kg. Under the same vegetation restoration mode,except for the content of EOC under the Pinus yunnanensis forest,the content of each organic carbon component decreased with the increase of soil depth,and the local soil depth fluctuated. The content of EOC in the subsurface( 10-20 cm) soil of Pinus yunnanensis was significantly higher than that in the surface layer( 0-10 cm) and deep layer( 20-30 cm). The impacts of different vegetation restoration methods on DOC,EOC and SOC contents were roughly as follows: natural secondary forest > Eucalyptus robusta forest > Pinus yunnanensis forest,and the MBC content of Pinus yunnanensis forest was always significantly higher than that in the Eucalyptus robusta forest. The organic carbon components and SOC showed very significantly( P < 0. 01) or significantly( P < 0. 05) positive correlations; the ability of different vegetation restoration methods to improve the soil carbon pool management indexes was: secondary forest > eucalypt forest > Pinus yunnanensis forest. SOC had very significant and significant correlations with CPI and CPMI,and EOC also had very significant( P <0. 01) or significant( P < 0. 05) correlations with CPAI,CPI,and CPMI. Each vegetation restoration method increased soil SOC,EOC,etc.,thereby increasing the soil carbon pool management indexes. As a whole,the soil enzyme activities decreased with the deepening of the soil layer,and there was fluctuation in the local range. Soil enzyme activities varied differently under different vegetation restoration methods. The activities of catalase and amylase were shown as secondary forest > Pinus yunnanensis forest > Eucalyptus robusta forest. The SOC,MBC,DOC,and EOC contents were positively correlated with the four soil enzyme activities under various vegetation restoration patterns,and most of them were significant or very significant. [Conclusion]The three vegetation restorations improved soil organic carbon fraction,carbon pool management indexes and soil enzyme activities to varying degrees.Among them,secondary forests have the highest ability to improve the overall soil quality. Eucalyptus robusta forests have a significant increase in the content of total organic carbon and active carbon components,while the Pinus yunnanensis forest has a significantly greater ability to increase the activities of catalase and amylase. Therefore,it is necessary to speed up the transformation of land management methods in suitable forest lands in karst areas and give priority to natural restoration,and pay attention to the utilization and optimization management of broadleaved trees when selecting artificial afforestation.
引文
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