太原市土壤重金属分布特征及生态风险评价
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摘要
对太原市周边地区进行土壤样品采集,并测定了土壤样品中5种重金属(Cr、Cd、Pb、As和Hg)的含量,利用统计学方法、半方差函数和地理信息技术(Arc GIS)分析了5种重金属在研究区的分布特征,并利用内梅罗综合污染指数评价研究区的污染现状。结果显示,5种重金属在研究区均表现为不同程度的污染,均值都大于山西省土壤背景值,其中,Cd的均值甚至大于国家土壤质量二级标准;半方差函数分析结果表明,Cr、Cd、Pb和Hg在研究区的累积受一定程度人为活动的影响,而As则主要受自然因素的影响;研究区西南部为Cr、Cd、Pb和Hg的主要富集地区,研究区北部则是Cr的主要富集地区;污染评价结果表明,研究区污染情况较为严重,已达到重度污染,主要贡献因子为Hg元素。
The soil samples were collected from the surrounding areas of Taiyuan city and the contents of heavy metals such as Cr,Cd, Pb, As and Hg were measured. Five heavy metals were analyzed by statistical methods, semi-variance function and geographic information method(Arc GIS). The distribution characteristics of the area and the pollution status of the study area were evaluated by the Nemero comprehensive pollution index. The results showed that the five heavy metals Cr, Cd, Pb, As and Hg showed different degrees of pollution in the study area, which the mean values were larger than the soil background values of Shanxi province. The average value of Cd was even greater than the national soil quality secondary standard. The functional analysis showed that the accumulation of Cr, Cd, Pb and Hg in the study area was affected by a certain degree of human activities, while As was mainly affected by natural factors. The distribution of heavy metals indicated that Cr, Cd, Pb and Hg were in the southwest of the study area, Cr was in the north of the study area. The pollution assessment results showed that the pollution status of the study area was serious and reached severe pollution. The main contribution factor was Hg.
The soil samples were collected from the surrounding areas of Taiyuan city and the contents of heavy metals such as Cr,Cd, Pb, As and Hg were measured. Five heavy metals were analyzed by statistical methods, semi-variance function and geographic information method(Arc GIS). The distribution characteristics of the area and the pollution status of the study area were evaluated by the Nemero comprehensive pollution index. The results showed that the five heavy metals Cr, Cd, Pb, As and Hg showed different degrees of pollution in the study area, which the mean values were larger than the soil background values of Shanxi province. The average value of Cd was even greater than the national soil quality secondary standard. The functional analysis showed that the accumulation of Cr, Cd, Pb and Hg in the study area was affected by a certain degree of human activities, while As was mainly affected by natural factors. The distribution of heavy metals indicated that Cr, Cd, Pb and Hg were in the southwest of the study area, Cr was in the north of the study area. The pollution assessment results showed that the pollution status of the study area was serious and reached severe pollution. The main contribution factor was Hg.
引文
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[2]CHEN T,CHANG Q,LIU J,et al.Identification of soil heavy metal sources and improvement in spatial mapping based on soil spectral information:a case study in northwest China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,565:155-164.
[3]程睿,赖庆旺,徐国钢,等.我国基础建设中土壤生态破坏与修复问题探讨[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(7):65-68.
[4]范远,刘李硕,宋凯悦,等.设施菜地土壤重金属污染状况评估:以山西省中南部为例[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(1):93-97.
[5]苏尚军,张婷,张元娟,等.城市化对土壤重金属铅空间分布的影响:以晋中盆地为例[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(10):1508-1511,1515.
[6]牟明辉,石杨程,张晓晴,等.恩施富硒茶园土壤重金属和氟含量及风险评价[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(5):61-65.
[7]陈永,王嘉德.汞与人类[J].现代口腔医学杂志,1994(2):96-98.
[8]杨硕,阎秀兰,冯依涛.河北曹妃甸某农场农田土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源分析[EB/OL].[2019-01-10].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1895.x.20181219.1755.051.html.
[9]赵靓,梁云平,陈倩,等.北京市城市绿地土壤重金属空间分布特征、污染评价及来源解析[EB/OL].[2019-01-10].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1895.x.20181219.1755.051.html.
[10]韩志轩,王学求,迟清华,等.珠江三角洲冲积平原土壤重金属元素含量和来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(9):3455-3463.
[11]王应刚.晋中盆地城市化发展对区域生态环境影响研究[D].太原:山西大学,2007.
[12]姜秋俚,孙铁珩,张见昕,等.微波消解石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中的铅和镉[J].环境保护科学,2010,36(6):28-30,63.
[13]王政权.地统计学及在生态学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:35-149.
[14]刘付程,史学正,潘贤章,等.太湖流域典型地区土壤磷素含量的空间变异特征[J].地理科学,2003,4(1):77-81.
[15]李俊晓,李朝奎,殷智慧.基于Arc GIS的克里金插值方法及其应用[J].测绘通报,2013(9):87-90,97.
[16]王劲封.空间抽样与统计推断[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:81-89.
[17]史崇文,赵玲芝,郭新波,等.山西土壤元素背景值及其特征[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1994(2):188-196.
[18]LUO L,MA Y,ZHANG S,et al.An inventory of trace element inputs to agricultural soils in China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90(8):2524-2530.
[19]刘斌,郭星,朱宇恩.基于随机森林模型的土壤重金属源解析:以晋中盆地为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2019,33(1):106-111.
[20]高鹏,刘勇,苏超.太原城区周边土壤重金属分布特征及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(5):866-873.