水分亏缺对设施延后栽培葡萄土壤生物学特性的影响
|
摘要
为了分析不同生育期水分亏缺下,设施延后栽培葡萄土壤生物学特性(包括土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、土壤微生物量碳和有机碳)的变化趋势以及不同处理对果实产量与品质影响,于2013-2015年在甘肃省张掖市灌溉试验站进行了设施延后栽培葡萄灌溉试验的研究。结果表明,萌芽期-新梢生长期水分亏缺处理能够提高土壤蔗糖酶活性,开花期水分亏缺处理与CK处理相比无显著性差异,果实膨大期-着色成熟期水分亏缺处理对本阶段土壤蔗糖酶活性具有抑制作用。萌芽期是最适宜通过水分亏缺方式提高土壤蔗糖酶活性的时期。萌芽期水分亏缺处理和着色成熟期水分亏缺处理对土壤脲酶活性都具有抑制作用,新梢生长期-果实膨大期水分亏缺能提高相应生育阶段的土壤脲酶活性。而对土壤微生物熵值来说,新梢生长期水分亏缺处理对其具有显著提高的作用。根据相关分析和典型相关分析结果,果实产量增加时,土壤蔗糖酶活性增大,而土壤微生物量碳含量却显著减少;随着土壤脲酶活性增大,果实中可滴定酸含量明显增大。
To analyses the effects of water deficit in different stages on the variation tendency of soil biological characteristics( soil invertase,urease,soil microbial biomass carbon,soil organic carbon) and the fruit yield and quality of greenhouse grape under delayed cultivation,the experiment was carried out at Zhangye Irrigation Experiment Station in Gansu Province in 2013-2015. The results showed: water deficit treatment during germination and shoot growth stage could improve soil invertase activity. There was no difference in water deficit treatment in flowering period compared with CK treatment. The treatment of water deficit at the fruit expanding stage and the coloring maturity stage could inhibit the activity of soil invertase. The germination period was the most suitable period to improve the activity of soil invertase by water deficit. The treatment of water deficit at the germination stage and at the color maturity stage could inhibit the activity of soil urease. The water deficit treatment from the shoot growth stage to the fruit expanding stage could improve the soil urease activity in the corresponding growth stage. For the soil microbial entropy,the treatment of water deficit at the growth stage of new shoots had a significant effect on it. According to the results of correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis,the soil invertase activity increased with the increased of fruit yield,while the content of soil microbial biomass carbon decreased significantly. The content of titratable acid increased significantly when soil urease activity increased.
To analyses the effects of water deficit in different stages on the variation tendency of soil biological characteristics( soil invertase,urease,soil microbial biomass carbon,soil organic carbon) and the fruit yield and quality of greenhouse grape under delayed cultivation,the experiment was carried out at Zhangye Irrigation Experiment Station in Gansu Province in 2013-2015. The results showed: water deficit treatment during germination and shoot growth stage could improve soil invertase activity. There was no difference in water deficit treatment in flowering period compared with CK treatment. The treatment of water deficit at the fruit expanding stage and the coloring maturity stage could inhibit the activity of soil invertase. The germination period was the most suitable period to improve the activity of soil invertase by water deficit. The treatment of water deficit at the germination stage and at the color maturity stage could inhibit the activity of soil urease. The water deficit treatment from the shoot growth stage to the fruit expanding stage could improve the soil urease activity in the corresponding growth stage. For the soil microbial entropy,the treatment of water deficit at the growth stage of new shoots had a significant effect on it. According to the results of correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis,the soil invertase activity increased with the increased of fruit yield,while the content of soil microbial biomass carbon decreased significantly. The content of titratable acid increased significantly when soil urease activity increased.
引文
[1]张芮,成自勇,杨阿利,等.小管出流不同亏水时期对延后栽培葡萄耗水及品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(2):164-168.
[2]张芮,成自勇,王旺田,等.水分胁迫对延后栽培葡萄果实生长的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2015,36(6):47-54.
[3]惠竹梅,岳泰新,张瑾,等.西北半干旱区葡萄园生草体系中土壤生物学特性与土壤养分的关系[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(11):2310-2317.
[4]Puglisi E,Del Re A A M,Rao M A,et al.Development and validation of numerical indexes integrating enzyme activities of soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(7):1673-1681.
[5]赵丹丹,王俊,付鑫.长期定位施肥对旱作农田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):97-102.
[6]Upendra M,Sainju,Andrew Lenssen,et al.Dryland plant biomass and soil carbon and nitrogen fractionson transient land as influenced by tillage and crop rotation[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2007,93(2):452-461.
[7]臧逸飞,郝明德,张丽琼,等.26年长期施肥对土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1445-1451.
[8]徐阳春,沈其荣,冉炜.长期免耕与施用有机肥对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1):89-96.
[9]杨丽霞,潘剑君.土壤活性有机碳库测定方法研究进展[J].土壤通报,2004,35(4):502-506.
[10]王耀锋,邵玲玲,刘玉学,等.桃园生草对土壤有机碳及活性碳库组分的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):6002-6010.
[11]唐海明,郭立君,肖小平,等.长期施肥对大麦生育期双季稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和微生物商的影响[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(6):978-983.
[12]刘守龙,苏以荣,黄道友,等.微生物商对亚热带地区土地利用及施肥制度的响应[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(7):1411-1418.
[13]周芙蓉,王进鑫,杨楠,等.水分和铅胁迫对土壤酶活性的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):479-484.
[14]田幼华,吕光辉,杨晓东,等.水盐胁迫对干旱区植物根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(3):158-163.
[15]韩琳,张玉龙,金烁,等.灌溉模式对保护地土壤可溶性有机碳与微生物量碳的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(8):1625-1633.
[16]肖新,朱伟,肖靓,等.适宜的水氮处理提高稻基农田土壤酶活性和土壤微生物量碳氮[J].农业工程学报,2013(21):91-98.
[17]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[18]黄高宝,郭清毅,张仁陟,等.保护性耕作条件下旱地农田麦豆双序列轮作体系的水分动态及产量效应[J].生态学报,2006,26(4):1176-1185.
[19]黄锦文,唐莉娜,曾文龙,等.不同土壤处理对烤烟根际土壤生物学特性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2016(2):75-83.
[20]孟庆英,张春峰,张娣,等.秸秆还田方式对土壤酶及大豆产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):642-647.
[21]张芮,成自勇,李毅,等.小管出流亏缺灌溉对设施延后栽培葡萄产量与品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(20):108-113.
[22]唐海滨,廖超英,刘莉丽,等.蔬菜大棚土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性与土壤养分的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):165-168,179.
[23]黄英,安进强,张芮,等.水肥调控对设施延后栽培葡萄产量和品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):191-195,202.
[24]张帆,黄凤球,肖小平,等.冬季作物对稻田土壤微生物量碳,氮和微生物熵的短期影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):734-739.
[2]张芮,成自勇,王旺田,等.水分胁迫对延后栽培葡萄果实生长的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2015,36(6):47-54.
[3]惠竹梅,岳泰新,张瑾,等.西北半干旱区葡萄园生草体系中土壤生物学特性与土壤养分的关系[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(11):2310-2317.
[4]Puglisi E,Del Re A A M,Rao M A,et al.Development and validation of numerical indexes integrating enzyme activities of soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(7):1673-1681.
[5]赵丹丹,王俊,付鑫.长期定位施肥对旱作农田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):97-102.
[6]Upendra M,Sainju,Andrew Lenssen,et al.Dryland plant biomass and soil carbon and nitrogen fractionson transient land as influenced by tillage and crop rotation[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2007,93(2):452-461.
[7]臧逸飞,郝明德,张丽琼,等.26年长期施肥对土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1445-1451.
[8]徐阳春,沈其荣,冉炜.长期免耕与施用有机肥对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1):89-96.
[9]杨丽霞,潘剑君.土壤活性有机碳库测定方法研究进展[J].土壤通报,2004,35(4):502-506.
[10]王耀锋,邵玲玲,刘玉学,等.桃园生草对土壤有机碳及活性碳库组分的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):6002-6010.
[11]唐海明,郭立君,肖小平,等.长期施肥对大麦生育期双季稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和微生物商的影响[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(6):978-983.
[12]刘守龙,苏以荣,黄道友,等.微生物商对亚热带地区土地利用及施肥制度的响应[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(7):1411-1418.
[13]周芙蓉,王进鑫,杨楠,等.水分和铅胁迫对土壤酶活性的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):479-484.
[14]田幼华,吕光辉,杨晓东,等.水盐胁迫对干旱区植物根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(3):158-163.
[15]韩琳,张玉龙,金烁,等.灌溉模式对保护地土壤可溶性有机碳与微生物量碳的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(8):1625-1633.
[16]肖新,朱伟,肖靓,等.适宜的水氮处理提高稻基农田土壤酶活性和土壤微生物量碳氮[J].农业工程学报,2013(21):91-98.
[17]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[18]黄高宝,郭清毅,张仁陟,等.保护性耕作条件下旱地农田麦豆双序列轮作体系的水分动态及产量效应[J].生态学报,2006,26(4):1176-1185.
[19]黄锦文,唐莉娜,曾文龙,等.不同土壤处理对烤烟根际土壤生物学特性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2016(2):75-83.
[20]孟庆英,张春峰,张娣,等.秸秆还田方式对土壤酶及大豆产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):642-647.
[21]张芮,成自勇,李毅,等.小管出流亏缺灌溉对设施延后栽培葡萄产量与品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(20):108-113.
[22]唐海滨,廖超英,刘莉丽,等.蔬菜大棚土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性与土壤养分的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):165-168,179.
[23]黄英,安进强,张芮,等.水肥调控对设施延后栽培葡萄产量和品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):191-195,202.
[24]张帆,黄凤球,肖小平,等.冬季作物对稻田土壤微生物量碳,氮和微生物熵的短期影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):734-739.