施用生物炭对Cd污染土壤生物学特性及土壤呼吸速率的影响
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摘要
【目的】为研究施用生物炭对Cd污染土壤生物学特性及土壤呼吸速率的影响。【方法】于2016年采用盆栽试验(每盆装土25 kg),外源添加Cd 0 mg/kg(G0)、30 mg/kg(G1)、60 mg/kg(G2),分别添加生物炭0 g/kg(T0)、10 g/kg(T1)、20 g/kg(T2),二因素试验共计9个处理,分别为:G0T0、G0T1、G0T2、G1T0、G1T1、G1T2、G2T0、G2T1、G2T2。测定不同时期的土壤微生物数量,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮,土壤酶活性及土壤呼吸速率。【结果】土壤脲酶活性、土壤细菌、放线菌数量和土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮含量和土壤呼吸速率均随施加Cd浓度的升高呈现降低的趋势,随生物炭的施用而显著增加,且均在移栽后55 d达到较高水平。土壤呼吸速率随生育期的延长呈升高的趋势,在Cd污染严重的土壤中,土壤呼吸速率随生物炭施用量的增加显著提高。【结论】施用生物炭能明显改善Cd污染土壤的生物学特性,提高土壤呼吸速率,从而达到改善Cd污染土壤质量的目的。
【Objectives】This paper aimed to study effects of biochar on soil biological characteristics and soil respiration rate of Cd contaminated soil.【Methods】Experiment was carried out in 2016 by means of pot plants(25 kg soil per pot). The added exogenous Cd concentrations were 0 mg/kg(G0), 30 mg/kg(G1), 60 mg/kg(G2) and the biochar concentrations were 0 g/kg(T0), 10 g/kg(T1), 20 g/kg(T2) respectively. A total of nine treatments were used for the two-factor test, which were G0 T0, G0 T1, G0 T2, G1 T0, G1 T1, G1 T2, G2 T0, G2 T1, G2 T2. Soil microorganisms and soil microbial biomass(carbon, nitrogen), soil enzyme activity and soil respiration rate were measured in different periods. Results showed that soil urease activity, number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes and soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen and soil respiration rate increased significantly along with the application of biochar, and all reached higher level 55 d after transplanting. Soil respiration rate increased with growth period, and soil respiration rate increased significantly with the increase of biochar application in heavily Cd contaminated soil. 【Conclusions】Application of biochar can significantly improve biological characteristics of Cd contaminated soil and improve soil respiration rate, so as to improve quality of Cd contaminated soil.
【Objectives】This paper aimed to study effects of biochar on soil biological characteristics and soil respiration rate of Cd contaminated soil.【Methods】Experiment was carried out in 2016 by means of pot plants(25 kg soil per pot). The added exogenous Cd concentrations were 0 mg/kg(G0), 30 mg/kg(G1), 60 mg/kg(G2) and the biochar concentrations were 0 g/kg(T0), 10 g/kg(T1), 20 g/kg(T2) respectively. A total of nine treatments were used for the two-factor test, which were G0 T0, G0 T1, G0 T2, G1 T0, G1 T1, G1 T2, G2 T0, G2 T1, G2 T2. Soil microorganisms and soil microbial biomass(carbon, nitrogen), soil enzyme activity and soil respiration rate were measured in different periods. Results showed that soil urease activity, number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes and soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen and soil respiration rate increased significantly along with the application of biochar, and all reached higher level 55 d after transplanting. Soil respiration rate increased with growth period, and soil respiration rate increased significantly with the increase of biochar application in heavily Cd contaminated soil. 【Conclusions】Application of biochar can significantly improve biological characteristics of Cd contaminated soil and improve soil respiration rate, so as to improve quality of Cd contaminated soil.
引文
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[2]林海,崔轩,董颖博,等.铜尾矿库重金属Cu、Zn对细菌群落结构的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(12):3182-3188.LIN Hai,CUI Xuan,DONG Yingbo,et al.Impact on bacterial community structure of heavy mental of Cu and Zn in copper mine tailings[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(12):3182-3188.
[3]李延茂,胡江春,汪思龙,等.森林生态系统中土壤微生物的作用与应用[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1943-1946.LI Yanmao,HU Jiangchun,WANG Silong,et al.Function and application of soil microorganisms in forest ecosystem[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(10):1943-1946.
[4]WEN Junhai,ZHANG Kangping,Li Cuifen,et al.Calibration of CO2 trapping in alkaline solutions during soil incubation at varying temperatures using a respicondⅥ[J].Open Journal of Soil Science,2014,4(5):161-167.
[5]滕应,骆永明,李振高.土壤重金属复合污染对脲酶、磷酸酶及脱氢酶的影响[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(2):147-152.TENG Ying,LUO Yongming,LI Zhengao.Kinetics characters of soil urease,acid phosphotase and dehydrogenase activities in soil contaminated with mixed heavy metals[J].China Environmental Science,2008,28(2):147-152.
[6]韩桂琪,王彬,徐卫红,等.重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):238-242.HAN Guiqi,WANG Bin,XU Weihong,et al.Effects of heavy metal combined pollution on soil microbial indicators and soil enzymatic activity[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(5):238-242.
[7]刘云国,李欣,徐敏,等.土壤重金属镉污染的植物修复与土壤酶活性[J].湖南大学学报(自科版),2002,29(4):108-113.LIU Yunguo,LI Xin,XU Min,et al.Phytoremediation of cadmium pollution and enzyme activity in soil[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences Edition),2002,29(4):108-113.
[8]沈秋悦,曹志强,朱月芳,等.重金属Cd污染对土壤微生物活性影响的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(7):11-14,24.SHEN Qiuyue,CAO Zhiqiang,ZHU Yuefang,et al.Experiment and analysis on microbial activity in contaminated soil of cadmium[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2016,38(7):11-14,24.
[9]王秀丽,梁成华,马子惠,等.施用磷酸盐和沸石对土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(4):1437-1444.WANG Xiuli,LIANG Chenghua,MA Zihui,et al.Effects of phosphate and zeolite on the transformation of Cd speciation in soil[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(4):1437-1444.
[10]陈坦,韩融,王洪涛,等.污泥基生物炭对重金属的吸附作用[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2014,54(8):1062-1067.CHEN Tan,HAN Rong,WANG Hongtao,et al.Adsorption of heavy metal sby biochar derived from municipal sewages ludge[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2014,54(8):1062-1067.
[11]Uchimiya M,Lima I M,Thomas K K,et al.Immobilization of heavy metal ions(Cu II,Cd II,Ni II,and Pb II)by broiler litterderived biochars in water and soil.[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2010,58(9):5538-5544.
[12]Jiang Jun,Xu Renkou,Jiang Tianyu,et al.Immobilization of Cu(II),Pb(II)and Cd(II)by the addition of rice straw derived biochar to a simulated polluted Ultisol[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,229-230(5):145-50.
[13]丁艳丽,刘杰,王莹莹.生物炭对农田土壤微生物生态的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3311-3317.DING Yanli,LIU Jie,WANG Yingying.Effects of biochar on microbial ecology in agriculture soil:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(11):3311-3317.
[14]Randhawa H S,Singh S P.Zinc fractions in soils and their availability to maize[J].Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science,1995.
[15]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.GUAN Songyin.Soil enzyme and its research methods.Beijing:China agriculture true press,1986.
[16]姚槐应,黄昌勇.土壤微生物生态学及其实验技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.YAO Huaiying,HUANG Changyong.Soil microbial ecology and its experimental technology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.
[17]Vance E D,Brookes P C,Jenkinson D S.An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1987,19(19):703-707.
[18]张丽华,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.干旱区荒漠生态系统的土壤呼吸[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):1911-1922.ZHANG Lihua,CHEN Yaning,LI Weihong,et al.Soil respiration in desert ecosystems of the arid region[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(5):1911-1922.
[19]YAN Jinlong,QUAN Guixiang,DING Cheng.Effects of the combined pollution of lead and cadmium on soil urease activity and nitrification[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2013,18:78-83.
[20]Bandick A K,Dick R P.Field management effects on soil enzyme activities[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1999,31(11):1471-1479.
[21]Zimmermann S,Frey B.Soil respiration and microbial properties in an acid forest soil:effects of wood ash[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(11):1727-1737.
[22]鲁萍,郭继勋,朱丽.东北羊草草原主要植物群落土壤过氧化氢酶活性的研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(6):675-679.LU Ping,GUO Ji Xun,ZHU Li.Soil catalase activity of main plant communities in Leymus chinensis grassland in northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(6):675-679.
[23]龙健,李娟,滕应,等.贵州高原喀斯特环境退化过程土壤质量的生物学特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(2):47-50.LONG Jian,LI Juan,TENG Ying,et al.Biological Characteristics of Soil Quality under Process of Karst Environment's Degradation in Guizhou Plateau[J].Journalof Soil and Water Conservation,2003,17(2):47-50.
[24]郭星亮,谷洁,陈智学,等.铜川煤矿区重金属污染对土壤微生物群落代谢和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(3):798-806.GUO Xingliang,GU Jie,CHEN Zhixue,et al.Effects of heavy metals pollution on soil microbial communities metabolism and soil enzyme activities in coal mining area of Tongchuan[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(3):798-806.
[25]曹利军,严健汉.土壤—作物系统镉污染生态研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),1991(4):419-426.CAO Lijun,YAN Jianhan.Study on cadmium pollution ecology of soil-crop system[J].Journal of Shanxi University(Natural Science Edition),1991(4):419-426.
[26]吴丹,王友保,李伟,等.镉胁迫对吊兰生长与土壤酶活性的影响[J].环境化学,2012,31(10):1562-1568.WU Dan,WANG Youbao,LI Wei,et al.Effects of cadmium exposure on Chlorophytum comosum growth and soil enzyme activities[J].Environmental Chemistry,2012,31(10):1562-1568.
[27]韩桂琪,王彬,徐卫红,等.重金属Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb复合污染对土壤生物活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(9):1236-1242.HAN Guiqi,WANG Bin,XU Weihong,et al.Effects of heavy metal compound contamination of Cd,Zn,Cu and Pb on soil biological activity[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(9):1236-1242.
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