不同退化程度柽柳灌丛的土壤理化和生物学特性
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摘要
为揭示柽柳灌丛在退化过程中土壤特性的变化,采用时间代替空间的生态学研究方法,测定和分析了民勤湖区绿洲-荒漠过渡带不同退化程度灌丛沙堆土壤的理化性质、酶活性和微生物数量等15个指标值的变化特征及相关性。研究结果表明:1)随着退化程度加剧,容重增大,有机质和阳离子代换量呈先增大后减小,土壤含水率、全盐含量和电导率减小,pH值保持平稳;随土层深度的加深,容重增大,土壤含水率、有机质、阳离子代换量减小,全盐含量和电导率5～10cm土层较大。2)微生物数量与酶活性随退化程度的加剧呈减少或降低趋势,随深度的加深而减少或降低,而且除个别土层外,整体都呈显著性变化。3)除土壤含水率和pH值与其余指标间的相关性不显著外,土壤理化性质间均呈显著性相关,土壤生物学特征之间也呈显著性相关,土壤理化性质和土壤生物学特性间的相关性除个别指标间相关性不显著外,其余均显著相关。研究区的柽柳在退化灌丛沙堆的土壤理化性质和生物学特征基本都出现衰退现象,建议在构建综合评价体系和选择恢复保育措施时要将植被与土壤综合考虑。
Fifteen indicators of soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activity and microbial quantity were measured in a space-time substitution experiment,to characterize the changes in soil properties in nebkhas formed in association with Tamarix ramosissima within the transition zone from oasis to desert in the Minqin Lake region.With increasing degradation,bulk density increased,organic matter and cation exchange capacity increased in the early stages,and later decreased;soil moisture,total salt content,and electric conductivity decreased,while pH remained unchanged.The pattern of change in the profile with increasing soil depth was that bulk density increased,while soil moisture content,organic matter,and cation exchange capacity decreased,while total salt content and electrical conductivity were highest in the 5-10 cm soil layer.The abundance of soil microorganisms,and soil enzyme activity decreased with increase in degradation status and with soil depth.All soil physicochemical properties and soil biological characteristics,except individual index,showed statistically significant differences,while the relationship between degenerative state or soil depth needs to be researched.In conclusion,the soil physicochemical properties and biological characteristics were adversely affected in the degraded nebkhas.Therefore,vegetation and soil factors should be considered together when planning restoration of degraded nebkhas.
Fifteen indicators of soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activity and microbial quantity were measured in a space-time substitution experiment,to characterize the changes in soil properties in nebkhas formed in association with Tamarix ramosissima within the transition zone from oasis to desert in the Minqin Lake region.With increasing degradation,bulk density increased,organic matter and cation exchange capacity increased in the early stages,and later decreased;soil moisture,total salt content,and electric conductivity decreased,while pH remained unchanged.The pattern of change in the profile with increasing soil depth was that bulk density increased,while soil moisture content,organic matter,and cation exchange capacity decreased,while total salt content and electrical conductivity were highest in the 5-10 cm soil layer.The abundance of soil microorganisms,and soil enzyme activity decreased with increase in degradation status and with soil depth.All soil physicochemical properties and soil biological characteristics,except individual index,showed statistically significant differences,while the relationship between degenerative state or soil depth needs to be researched.In conclusion,the soil physicochemical properties and biological characteristics were adversely affected in the degraded nebkhas.Therefore,vegetation and soil factors should be considered together when planning restoration of degraded nebkhas.
引文
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