不同类型生物炭混施对土壤磷素淋失的影响试验研究
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摘要
研究旨在将竹炭和木炭混施入土壤,比较分析不同生物炭处理对土壤磷素淋失的影响,为寻求更高效的生物炭土壤改良技术提供新的思路。基于土柱淋洗模拟试验,设置CK(不施生物炭和磷肥)、P(单施磷肥)、1:0(施磷肥和木炭)、0:1(施磷肥和竹炭)和1:1(施磷肥和按1:1混合的木炭、竹炭)5组处理,以不同填装容重和淋洗间隔进行两轮试验,测定淋溶液中正磷酸盐含量及pH值。结果表明:施用生物质炭可显著增加土壤pH值,有效抑制磷素淋失20%以上。竹炭抑制土壤磷素淋失的效果显著优于木炭,将木炭和竹炭以1:1的比例混施能够提高木炭对磷素淋失的抑制效果。不同类型生物炭混施技术在控制土壤磷素淋失方面具有良好的应用前景,为寻求更高效的生物炭土壤改良技术,应进一步加强对生物炭的性质、施用量、土壤类型和肥力状况等的综合试验研究。
The impact of different mixed biochar additions on soil phosphorus leaching was comparatively analyzed for a more efficient way of soil improvement. Based on soil pillar leaching experiment, 5 treatments were conducted, including CK(without biochar and phosphate fertilizer), P(phosphate fertilizer), 1:0(phosphate fertilizer and charcoal), 0:1(phosphate fertilizer and bamboo biochar) and 1:1(phosphate fertilizer and the mix of charcoal and bamboo biochar), different packing volumes and leaching intervals were set and the experiment was conducted twice, the concentrations of orthophosphate and pH value in leachate were determined. The results showed that the application of biochar significantly increased soil pH value, and restrained the loss of phosphorus effectively by more than 20%. The inhibitory effect of bamboo biochar was better than that of charcoal, the inhibition effect of charcoal could be improved by mixing wood and bamboo biochar with the proportion of 1:1. Different types of biochar mixed application technologies have good prospects in controlling the loss of soil phosphor, comprehensive experimental researches on the properties,application amount of biochar, type and fertility status of soil should be further strengthened for a more efficient biochar technology of soil improvement.
The impact of different mixed biochar additions on soil phosphorus leaching was comparatively analyzed for a more efficient way of soil improvement. Based on soil pillar leaching experiment, 5 treatments were conducted, including CK(without biochar and phosphate fertilizer), P(phosphate fertilizer), 1:0(phosphate fertilizer and charcoal), 0:1(phosphate fertilizer and bamboo biochar) and 1:1(phosphate fertilizer and the mix of charcoal and bamboo biochar), different packing volumes and leaching intervals were set and the experiment was conducted twice, the concentrations of orthophosphate and pH value in leachate were determined. The results showed that the application of biochar significantly increased soil pH value, and restrained the loss of phosphorus effectively by more than 20%. The inhibitory effect of bamboo biochar was better than that of charcoal, the inhibition effect of charcoal could be improved by mixing wood and bamboo biochar with the proportion of 1:1. Different types of biochar mixed application technologies have good prospects in controlling the loss of soil phosphor, comprehensive experimental researches on the properties,application amount of biochar, type and fertility status of soil should be further strengthened for a more efficient biochar technology of soil improvement.
引文
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[9]刘丽珠,范如芹,卢信,等.农业废弃物生物质炭在设施栽培中应用的研究进展[J].江苏农业学报,2016,32(6):1434-1440.
[10]杨放,李心清,王兵,等.热解材料对生物炭理化性质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(9):1822-1828.
[11]李明,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同秸秆生物炭对红壤性水稻土养分及微生物群落结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(7):1361-1369.
[12]李昌见,屈忠义,勾芒芒,等.生物炭对土壤水肥热效应的影响试验研究[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(7):1141-1147.
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[15]雷波,王定勇,包维楷.模拟酸雨对土壤磷元素淋失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(3):516-519.
[16]陈心想,何绪生,张雯,等.生物炭用量对模拟土柱氮素淋失和田间土壤水分参数的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(1):110-114,139.
[17]张璐,贾丽,陆文龙,等.不同碳化温度下玉米秸秆生物炭的结构性质及其对氮磷的吸附特性[J].吉林大学学报:理学版,2015,53(4):802-808.
[18]代银分,李永梅,范茂攀,等.不同原料生物炭对磷的吸附-解吸能力及其对土壤磷吸附解析的影响[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,36(5):345-351.
[19]武玉,徐刚,吕迎春,等.生物炭对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(1):68-79.
[20]马锋锋,赵保卫,钟金魁,等.牛粪生物炭对磷的吸附特性及其影响因素研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(4):1156-1163.
[21]郎印海,王慧,刘伟.柚皮生物炭对土壤中磷吸附能力的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2015,45(4):78-84.
[22]郑瑞伦,王宁宁,孙国新,等.生物炭对京郊沙化地土壤性质和苜蓿生长、养分吸收的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(5):904-912.
[23]张斌,刘晓雨,潘根兴,等.施用生物质炭后稻田土壤性质、水稻产量和痕量温室气体排放的变化[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(23):4844-4853.
[24]时新玲,李志军,王锐.土壤磷扩散的影响因素研究[J].水土保持通报,2003,23(5):15-18.
[2]王永壮,陈欣,史奕.农田土壤中磷素有效性及影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):260-268.
[3]卜晓莉,薛建辉.生物炭对土壤生境及植物生长影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2014,(3):535-540.
[4]陈温福,张伟明,孟军,等.生物炭应用技术研究[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(2):83-89.
[5]李帅霖,王霞,王朔,等.生物炭施用方式及用量对土壤水分入渗与蒸发的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):135-144.
[6]何绪生,耿增超,佘雕,等.生物炭生产与农用的意义及国内外动态[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):1-7.
[7]Shrestha,Samuel J T,Christopher W.Swanston,et al.Black Carbon’s Properties and Role in the Environment:A Comprehensive Review[J].Sustainability,2010,2(1).
[8]何绪生,张树清,佘雕,等.生物炭对土壤肥料的作用及未来研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(15):16-25.
[9]刘丽珠,范如芹,卢信,等.农业废弃物生物质炭在设施栽培中应用的研究进展[J].江苏农业学报,2016,32(6):1434-1440.
[10]杨放,李心清,王兵,等.热解材料对生物炭理化性质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(9):1822-1828.
[11]李明,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同秸秆生物炭对红壤性水稻土养分及微生物群落结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(7):1361-1369.
[12]李昌见,屈忠义,勾芒芒,等.生物炭对土壤水肥热效应的影响试验研究[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(7):1141-1147.
[13]Laird D,Fleming P,Wang B,et al.Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3-4):436-442.
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[15]雷波,王定勇,包维楷.模拟酸雨对土壤磷元素淋失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(3):516-519.
[16]陈心想,何绪生,张雯,等.生物炭用量对模拟土柱氮素淋失和田间土壤水分参数的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(1):110-114,139.
[17]张璐,贾丽,陆文龙,等.不同碳化温度下玉米秸秆生物炭的结构性质及其对氮磷的吸附特性[J].吉林大学学报:理学版,2015,53(4):802-808.
[18]代银分,李永梅,范茂攀,等.不同原料生物炭对磷的吸附-解吸能力及其对土壤磷吸附解析的影响[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,36(5):345-351.
[19]武玉,徐刚,吕迎春,等.生物炭对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(1):68-79.
[20]马锋锋,赵保卫,钟金魁,等.牛粪生物炭对磷的吸附特性及其影响因素研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(4):1156-1163.
[21]郎印海,王慧,刘伟.柚皮生物炭对土壤中磷吸附能力的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2015,45(4):78-84.
[22]郑瑞伦,王宁宁,孙国新,等.生物炭对京郊沙化地土壤性质和苜蓿生长、养分吸收的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(5):904-912.
[23]张斌,刘晓雨,潘根兴,等.施用生物质炭后稻田土壤性质、水稻产量和痕量温室气体排放的变化[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(23):4844-4853.
[24]时新玲,李志军,王锐.土壤磷扩散的影响因素研究[J].水土保持通报,2003,23(5):15-18.