清江流域烟区烟草青枯病发生的土壤营养因素分析
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摘要
【目的】明确清江流域烟区中影响烟草青枯病发生的土壤营养因素,为更好地进行该烟区烟草青枯病的合理防控提供理论依据。【方法】2016年度在湖北省恩施州宣恩县选择两种类型烟田(病田和非病田),于烟草青枯病全面暴发期(移栽后97 d左右)采集土样,测定根际土壤营养元素含量,采用多种统计分析方法研究烟草青枯病发病率、病情指数与根际土壤营养元素含量的关系。【结果】t检验结果表明,16项土壤营养元素指标中,有10项指标在两种类型烟田中存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)差异。典型相关分析结果显示,在一定范围内,适当提高土壤pH、阳离子交换量及交换性钙含量,降低土壤有机质、有机氮、有机碳和有效铁含量等可减轻烟草青枯病的发病率和病情指数。分组分析结果表明,抑病的土壤营养条件为土壤pH 5.0~7.0,有机质含量1.5%~2.5%,阳离子交换量、交换性钙含量及钙镁比分别高于20.0 cmol/kg、1000 mg/kg和15,有机氮、有机碳及有效铁含量分别低于0.15%、1.0%和50 mg/kg。【结论】在清江流域烟区中,烟草青枯病发生程度与土壤营养元素含量间存在密切联系。
【Objective】The study was conducted to survey the soil nutrients that affected occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt in Qingjiang River Basin,and provide theoretical basis for the rational prevention and control of tobacco bacterial wilt in the area.【Method】The soil samples from two kinds of fields(bacterial wilt field and non-bacterial wilt field)were collected during full outbreak period of tobacco bacterial wilt(97 d after transplanting)in Xuan'en,Enshi,Hubei Province in 2016. The contents of nutrition elements in rhizosphere soil were determined,then the relationship between incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt disease,disease index and nutrient elements in rhizosphere soil was researched using a variety of statistical analysis methods.【Result】t test showed that,among the 16 soil nutrient elements indexes,10 indexes presented significant difference(P<0.05)or extremely significant difference(P<0.01)in two kinds of fields. The results of canonical correlation analysis indicated that increasing of p H and contents of cation exchange capacity,exchangeable calcium content,and reducing the contents of soil organic matter,organic nitrogen,organic carbon,effective iron could reduce the morbidity and disease index of tobacco bacterial wilt within certain extent. Group analysis revealed that the appropriate soil nutrient condition for inhibiting the disease were pH at 5.0-7.0;the organic matter content 1.5%-2.5%,the contents of cation exchange capacity,exchangeable calcium and calcium/magnesium ratio were higher than 20.0 cmol/kg,1000 mg/kg and 15 respectively,and contents of organic nitrogen,organic carbon and effective iron lower than 0.15%,1.0% and 50 mg/kg respectively.【Conclusion】The occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt is closely bound up with soil nutrients in Qingjiang River Basin.
【Objective】The study was conducted to survey the soil nutrients that affected occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt in Qingjiang River Basin,and provide theoretical basis for the rational prevention and control of tobacco bacterial wilt in the area.【Method】The soil samples from two kinds of fields(bacterial wilt field and non-bacterial wilt field)were collected during full outbreak period of tobacco bacterial wilt(97 d after transplanting)in Xuan'en,Enshi,Hubei Province in 2016. The contents of nutrition elements in rhizosphere soil were determined,then the relationship between incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt disease,disease index and nutrient elements in rhizosphere soil was researched using a variety of statistical analysis methods.【Result】t test showed that,among the 16 soil nutrient elements indexes,10 indexes presented significant difference(P<0.05)or extremely significant difference(P<0.01)in two kinds of fields. The results of canonical correlation analysis indicated that increasing of p H and contents of cation exchange capacity,exchangeable calcium content,and reducing the contents of soil organic matter,organic nitrogen,organic carbon,effective iron could reduce the morbidity and disease index of tobacco bacterial wilt within certain extent. Group analysis revealed that the appropriate soil nutrient condition for inhibiting the disease were pH at 5.0-7.0;the organic matter content 1.5%-2.5%,the contents of cation exchange capacity,exchangeable calcium and calcium/magnesium ratio were higher than 20.0 cmol/kg,1000 mg/kg and 15 respectively,and contents of organic nitrogen,organic carbon and effective iron lower than 0.15%,1.0% and 50 mg/kg respectively.【Conclusion】The occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt is closely bound up with soil nutrients in Qingjiang River Basin.
引文
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刘海龙,黎妍妍,严亚琴,郑露,李锡宏,黄俊斌.2014.湖北恩施地区烟草青枯菌的生理分化研究[J].中国烟草科学,35(5):79-83.[Liu H L,Li Y Y,Yan Y Q,Zheng L,Li X H,Huang J B.2014.Physiological specialization of Ralstonia solanacearum strains isolated from Enshi,Hubei Province[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,35(5):79-83.]
刘海龙,黎妍妍,郑露,李锡宏,黄俊斌.2015.湖北地区烟草青枯菌系统发育分析[J].中国烟草科学,36(2):81-86.[Liu H L,Li Y Y,Zheng L,Li X H,Huang J B.2015.Phylogenetic analysis of tobacco Ralstonia solanacearum strains from Hubei Province[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,36(2):81-86.]
马海宾,王胜坤,陆俊锟,杨富成.2016.桉树青枯病林地根际土壤营养分析[J].桉树科技,33(4):9-13.[Ma H B,Wang S K,Lu J K,Yang F C.2016.Analyses of rhizosphere soil nutrition in Eucalyptus plantations affected by bacterial wilt disease[J].Eucalypt Science&Technology,33(4):9-13.]
幕康国,赵秀琴,李建强,刘西莉.2000.矿质营养与植物病害关系研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报,5(1):84-90.[Mu K G,Zhao X Q,Li J Q,Liu X L.2000.Progressing on the relation between mineral nutrients and plant disease[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,5(1):84-90.]
谭军,王昌军,孟贵星,彭五星,邓建强,王瑞.2012.恩施植烟土壤理化性状对烟草青枯病发生影响的初步分析[J].中国烟草科学,33(6):93-96.[Tan J,Wang C J,Meng GX,Peng W X,Deng J Q,Wang R.2012.Effects of soil physical and chemical properties on tobacco bacterial wilt in Enshi[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,33(6):93-96.]
魏国胜,周恒,朱杰,彭家宇,王欣,黎妍妍,任晓红,杨寒文,许自成.2011.土壤p H值对烟草根茎部病害的影响[J].江苏农业科学,(1):140-143.[Wei G S,Zhou H,Zhu J,Peng J Y,Wang X,Li Y Y,Ren X H,Yang H W,Xu ZC.2011.The effects of soil p H on root disease of tobacco[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,(1):140-143.]
徐仁扣,季国亮.1998.p H对酸性土壤中铝的溶出和铝离子形态分布的影响[J].土壤学报,35(2):162-171.[Xu RK,Ji G L.1998.Influence of p H on dissolution of aluminum in acid soils and the distribution of aluminum ion species[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,35(2):162-171.]
杨尚东,吴俊,赵久成,郭伊娟,龙明华.2013.番茄青枯病罹病植株和健康植株根际土壤理化性状及生物学特性的比较[J].中国蔬菜,(22):64-69.[Yang S D,Wu J,Zhao J C,Guo Y J,Long M H.2013.Physical,chemical and biological characteristics analysis of rhizosphere soils between infected plants of tomato bacterial wilt and noninfected plants[J].China Vegetables,(22):64-69.]
张永春,黄镇,关国经,丁伟,唐远驹,李继新.2007.不同农业生态调控措施对烟草青枯病的影响[J].中国烟草科学,28(4):49-52.[Zhang Y C,Huang Z,Guan G J,Ding W,Tang Y J,Li J X.2007.Influence of different agricultural ecological regulation and control measures on tobacco bacterial wilt[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,28(4):49-52.]
郑世燕,陈弟军,丁伟,杜根平,刘永琴,程小龙,刘宪臣,徐小洪,王溶.2014a.烟草青枯病发病烟株根际土壤营养状况分析[J].中国烟草学报,20(4):57-64.[Zheng S Y,Chen D J,Ding W,Du G P,Liu Y Q,Cheng X L,Liu XC,Xu X H,Wang R.2014a.Nutritional status of rhizosphere soil around bacterial wilt diseased tobacco plant[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,20(4):57-64.]
郑世燕,丁伟,杜根平,杨亮,刘晓姣,张永强.2014b.增施矿质营养对烟草青枯病的控病效果及其作用机理[J].中国农业科学,47(6):1099-1110.[Zheng S Y,Ding W,Du G P,Yang L,Liu X J,Zhang Y Q.2014b.Control efficacy and action mechanism of mineral nutrition on tobacco bacterial wilt[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,47(6):1099-1110.]
周莉,李保国,周广胜.2005.土壤有机碳的主导影响因子及其研究进展[J].地球科学进展,20(1):99-105.[Zhou L,Li B G,Zhou G S.2005.Advances in controlling factors of soil organic carbon[J].Advances in Earth Science,20(1):99-105.]
Jiang J F,Li J G,Dong Y H.2013.Effect of calcium nutrition on resistance of tomato against bacterial wilt induced by Ralstonia solanacearum[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,136(3):547-555.
Liu Y X,Shi J X,Feng Y G,Yang X M,Li X,Shen Q R.2013.Tobacco bacterial wilt can be biologically controlled by the application of antagonistic strains in combination with organic fertilizer[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,49:447-464.
冯洁.2017.植物病原细菌分类最新进展[J].中国农业科学,50(12):2305-2314.[Feng J.2017.Recent advances in taxonomy of plant pathogenic bacteria[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,50(12):2305-2314.]
李集勤,陈俊标,袁清华,彭文松,张振臣,马柱文,谢锐鸿,李淑玲.2017.客土改良对植烟土壤营养及烟草青枯病的影响[J].中国烟草科学,38(1):48-52.[Li J Q,Chen JB,Yuan Q H,Peng W S,Zhang Z C,Ma Z W,Xie R H,Li S L.2017.Effects of alien earth soil-improving on soil nutrient status and tobacco bacterial wilt[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,38(1):48-52.]
黎妍妍,刘海龙,王林,朱宝,黄俊斌,许汝冰,李锡宏.2015.湖北恩施烟区烟草青枯菌致病力分析[J].中国烟草科学,36(5):59-63.[Li Y Y,Liu H L,Wang L,Zhu B,Huang J B,Xu R B,Li X H.2015.Pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum infecting tobacco in Enshi of Hubei Province[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,36(5):59-63.]
黎妍妍,王林,孙光伟,李锡宏,彭五星,王昌军.2017.清江流域烟区烟草青枯病流行时间动态及气象因素分析[J].中国烟草学报,23(4):77-83.[Li Y Y,Wang L,Sun G W,Li X H,Peng W X,Wang C J.2017.Jemporal epidemic dynamics and climatic factors of transmission of tobacco bacterial wilt in Qingjiang River Basin[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,23(4):77-83.]
刘海龙,黎妍妍,严亚琴,郑露,李锡宏,黄俊斌.2014.湖北恩施地区烟草青枯菌的生理分化研究[J].中国烟草科学,35(5):79-83.[Liu H L,Li Y Y,Yan Y Q,Zheng L,Li X H,Huang J B.2014.Physiological specialization of Ralstonia solanacearum strains isolated from Enshi,Hubei Province[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,35(5):79-83.]
刘海龙,黎妍妍,郑露,李锡宏,黄俊斌.2015.湖北地区烟草青枯菌系统发育分析[J].中国烟草科学,36(2):81-86.[Liu H L,Li Y Y,Zheng L,Li X H,Huang J B.2015.Phylogenetic analysis of tobacco Ralstonia solanacearum strains from Hubei Province[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,36(2):81-86.]
马海宾,王胜坤,陆俊锟,杨富成.2016.桉树青枯病林地根际土壤营养分析[J].桉树科技,33(4):9-13.[Ma H B,Wang S K,Lu J K,Yang F C.2016.Analyses of rhizosphere soil nutrition in Eucalyptus plantations affected by bacterial wilt disease[J].Eucalypt Science&Technology,33(4):9-13.]
幕康国,赵秀琴,李建强,刘西莉.2000.矿质营养与植物病害关系研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报,5(1):84-90.[Mu K G,Zhao X Q,Li J Q,Liu X L.2000.Progressing on the relation between mineral nutrients and plant disease[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,5(1):84-90.]
谭军,王昌军,孟贵星,彭五星,邓建强,王瑞.2012.恩施植烟土壤理化性状对烟草青枯病发生影响的初步分析[J].中国烟草科学,33(6):93-96.[Tan J,Wang C J,Meng GX,Peng W X,Deng J Q,Wang R.2012.Effects of soil physical and chemical properties on tobacco bacterial wilt in Enshi[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,33(6):93-96.]
魏国胜,周恒,朱杰,彭家宇,王欣,黎妍妍,任晓红,杨寒文,许自成.2011.土壤p H值对烟草根茎部病害的影响[J].江苏农业科学,(1):140-143.[Wei G S,Zhou H,Zhu J,Peng J Y,Wang X,Li Y Y,Ren X H,Yang H W,Xu ZC.2011.The effects of soil p H on root disease of tobacco[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,(1):140-143.]
徐仁扣,季国亮.1998.p H对酸性土壤中铝的溶出和铝离子形态分布的影响[J].土壤学报,35(2):162-171.[Xu RK,Ji G L.1998.Influence of p H on dissolution of aluminum in acid soils and the distribution of aluminum ion species[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,35(2):162-171.]
杨尚东,吴俊,赵久成,郭伊娟,龙明华.2013.番茄青枯病罹病植株和健康植株根际土壤理化性状及生物学特性的比较[J].中国蔬菜,(22):64-69.[Yang S D,Wu J,Zhao J C,Guo Y J,Long M H.2013.Physical,chemical and biological characteristics analysis of rhizosphere soils between infected plants of tomato bacterial wilt and noninfected plants[J].China Vegetables,(22):64-69.]
张永春,黄镇,关国经,丁伟,唐远驹,李继新.2007.不同农业生态调控措施对烟草青枯病的影响[J].中国烟草科学,28(4):49-52.[Zhang Y C,Huang Z,Guan G J,Ding W,Tang Y J,Li J X.2007.Influence of different agricultural ecological regulation and control measures on tobacco bacterial wilt[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,28(4):49-52.]
郑世燕,陈弟军,丁伟,杜根平,刘永琴,程小龙,刘宪臣,徐小洪,王溶.2014a.烟草青枯病发病烟株根际土壤营养状况分析[J].中国烟草学报,20(4):57-64.[Zheng S Y,Chen D J,Ding W,Du G P,Liu Y Q,Cheng X L,Liu XC,Xu X H,Wang R.2014a.Nutritional status of rhizosphere soil around bacterial wilt diseased tobacco plant[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,20(4):57-64.]
郑世燕,丁伟,杜根平,杨亮,刘晓姣,张永强.2014b.增施矿质营养对烟草青枯病的控病效果及其作用机理[J].中国农业科学,47(6):1099-1110.[Zheng S Y,Ding W,Du G P,Yang L,Liu X J,Zhang Y Q.2014b.Control efficacy and action mechanism of mineral nutrition on tobacco bacterial wilt[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,47(6):1099-1110.]
周莉,李保国,周广胜.2005.土壤有机碳的主导影响因子及其研究进展[J].地球科学进展,20(1):99-105.[Zhou L,Li B G,Zhou G S.2005.Advances in controlling factors of soil organic carbon[J].Advances in Earth Science,20(1):99-105.]
Jiang J F,Li J G,Dong Y H.2013.Effect of calcium nutrition on resistance of tomato against bacterial wilt induced by Ralstonia solanacearum[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,136(3):547-555.
Liu Y X,Shi J X,Feng Y G,Yang X M,Li X,Shen Q R.2013.Tobacco bacterial wilt can be biologically controlled by the application of antagonistic strains in combination with organic fertilizer[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,49:447-464.