稻油轮作下油菜秸秆还田与水氮管理对杂交稻群体质量和产量的影响
|
摘要
【目的】研究秸秆还田与水氮配施的理论与技术,探讨对水稻群体质量和产量形成的影响。【方法】选用宜香优2115为试验材料,三因素裂裂区设计,主区为油菜秸秆堆腐还田和直接还田两种秸秆还田方式,裂区为淹水灌溉和控制性交替灌溉两种水分管理方式,裂裂区为4种施氮量,分析对水稻群体质量及产量的影响,并探讨秸秆还田与水氮管理模式下群体质量和产量形成的关系。【结果】秸秆还田与水氮管理对主要生育时期水稻干物质积累量、叶面积指数(LAI)及产量均存在显著或极显著的调控效应,互作效应显著;且群体质量指标与产量呈显著或极显著正相关。秸秆堆腐还田对水稻群体质量指标的调控显著高于秸秆直接还田,齐穗期高效叶面积指数提高了4.71%～6.50%,群体干物质显著增加了9.22%～13.30%;并对水稻产量及其构成因素影响显著,有效穗数及每穗粒数分别提高了5.9%～9.8%和1.5%～5.2%,从而使产量提高了9.5%～13.4%。控制性交替灌溉相对于淹灌能保证足够的穗数,提高干物质积累量,减缓拔节至齐穗期叶面积衰减,加快结实期群体生长率,利于穗粒数及产量的提高;且随着氮肥用量的增加,分蘖数、干物质积累量、有效叶面积率和高效叶面积率均呈先增后降的趋势。【结论】从三因素间的互作效应来看,秸秆堆腐还田处理下,控制性交替灌溉与施氮量150 kg/hm~2,可有效提高齐穂期高效叶面积指数(4.80～5.32),具有较高的结实期干物质积累量(6.94～7.36t/hm~2),显著提高了有效穗(181.6万～220.9万/hm~2)及每穗粒数(180～200粒),从而显著提高产量达到10328.1～12464.1 kg/hm~2,为本研究节水减氮增效最佳的处理。
【Objective】It has great significance to investigate the interaction mode between straw returning and water-nitrogen(N) management on rice population quality and yield.【Method】Hybrid rice(Yixiangyou 2115) was used as experimental materials with two straw retention ways as main plot(crop straw composting and direct straw returning)and conventional irrigation and alternate irrigation as split plot and four N rates as split-split plot. The relationship between population quality and yield of hybrid rice were also analyzed.【Results】Straw returning and water-nitrogen(N)management exert significant or extremely significant effects on biomass accumulation of hybrid rice, LAI and grain yield. Correlation analysis indicated that there existed significantly or highly significantly positive correlations between population quality index and yield. The straw composting had a highly significant effect on population growth rate and grain yield compared with direct straw returning, the high valid leaf area index at the full heading stage increased by4.71%-6.50%, Dry matter weight of population during maturity increased by 9.22%-13.30%, and the effective panicle number increased by 5.9%-9.8%, the spikelet number by 1.5%-5.2%, the yield by 9.5%-13.4%. Compared with conventional irrigation, controlled alternative irrigation could ensure sufficient panicle number, increase dry matter accumulation, slow down leaf area attenuation rate from jointing stage to full heading stage, accelerate population growth rate at seed-setting stage, and increase grain number per panicle and yield significantly. With the increase of nitrogen rate,the number of tillers, dry matter accumulation, effective leaf area ratio and effective leaf area rate all increased at first and then decreased. 【Conclusion】 From the perspective of the effect of the three factors, straw composting, alternative irrigation, 150 kg/hm~2 nitrogen level were the optimum treatment of water saving and N reduction in this experiment. It can significantly improve efficient LAI of full heading(4.80-5.32), enhance the high dry matter accumulation rate during filling stage(6.94-7.36 t/hm~2), notely increase effective panicle number(181.6×10~4-220.9×10~4/hm~2) and grain number per panicle(180-200), achieving grain yield of hybrid rice of 10328.1-12464.1 kg/hm~2.
【Objective】It has great significance to investigate the interaction mode between straw returning and water-nitrogen(N) management on rice population quality and yield.【Method】Hybrid rice(Yixiangyou 2115) was used as experimental materials with two straw retention ways as main plot(crop straw composting and direct straw returning)and conventional irrigation and alternate irrigation as split plot and four N rates as split-split plot. The relationship between population quality and yield of hybrid rice were also analyzed.【Results】Straw returning and water-nitrogen(N)management exert significant or extremely significant effects on biomass accumulation of hybrid rice, LAI and grain yield. Correlation analysis indicated that there existed significantly or highly significantly positive correlations between population quality index and yield. The straw composting had a highly significant effect on population growth rate and grain yield compared with direct straw returning, the high valid leaf area index at the full heading stage increased by4.71%-6.50%, Dry matter weight of population during maturity increased by 9.22%-13.30%, and the effective panicle number increased by 5.9%-9.8%, the spikelet number by 1.5%-5.2%, the yield by 9.5%-13.4%. Compared with conventional irrigation, controlled alternative irrigation could ensure sufficient panicle number, increase dry matter accumulation, slow down leaf area attenuation rate from jointing stage to full heading stage, accelerate population growth rate at seed-setting stage, and increase grain number per panicle and yield significantly. With the increase of nitrogen rate,the number of tillers, dry matter accumulation, effective leaf area ratio and effective leaf area rate all increased at first and then decreased. 【Conclusion】 From the perspective of the effect of the three factors, straw composting, alternative irrigation, 150 kg/hm~2 nitrogen level were the optimum treatment of water saving and N reduction in this experiment. It can significantly improve efficient LAI of full heading(4.80-5.32), enhance the high dry matter accumulation rate during filling stage(6.94-7.36 t/hm~2), notely increase effective panicle number(181.6×10~4-220.9×10~4/hm~2) and grain number per panicle(180-200), achieving grain yield of hybrid rice of 10328.1-12464.1 kg/hm~2.
引文
[1]廖伯寿,殷艳,马霓.中国油料作物产业发展回顾与展望.农学学报,2018,8(1):107-112.Liao B S,Yin Y,Ma N.Review and future prospects of oil crops industry development in China.J Agric,2018,8(1):107-112.
[2]Kousterna E.The effect of covering and mulching on the temperature and moisture of soil and broccoli yield.Acta Agrophys,2014,21(2):165-178.
[3]Su W,Lu J W,Wang W N,Li X K,Ren T,Cong R H.Influence of rice straw mulching on seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter oilseed rape in intensive rice oilseed rape cropping system.Field Crop Res,2014,159:53-61.
[4]Jawson M D,Elliott L F.Carbon and nitrogen transformations during wheat straw and root decomposition.Soil Bio Chem,1986,18:15-22.
[5]马宗国,卢绪奎,万丽,陈祖光,左辉.小麦秸秆还田对水稻生长及土壤肥力的影响.作物杂志,2003(5):37-38.Ma Z G,Lu X K,Wan L,Chen Z G,Zuo H.Effects of wheat straw returning on rice growth and soil fertility.Crops,2003(5):37-38.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]孙永健,马均,孙园园,徐徽,严奉君,代邹,蒋明金,李玥.水氮管理模式对杂交籼稻冈优527群体质量和产量的影响.中国农业科学,2014,47(10):2047-2061.Sun Y J,Ma J,Sun Y Y,Xu H,Yan F J,Dai Z,Jiang M J,Li Y.Effects of water and nitrogen management patterns on population quality and yield of hybrid rice Gangyou527.Sci Agric Sin,2014,47(10):2047-2061.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]严奉君,孙永健,马均,徐徽,李玥,代邹,杨志远,蒋明金,孙园园.灌溉方式与秸秆覆盖优化施氮模式对秸秆腐熟特征及水稻氮素利用的影响.中国生态农业学报,2016,24(11):1435-1444.Yan F J,Sun Y J,Ma J,Xu H,Li Y,Dai Z,Yang Z Y,Jiang M J,Sun Y Y.Effects of irrigation method and straw mulch-nitrogen management pattern on straw decomposition characteristics and nitrogen utilization of hybrid rice.Chin J Eco-Agric,2016,24(11):1435-1444.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]赵建红,李玥,孙永健,李应洪,孙加威,代邹,谢华英,徐徽,马均.灌溉方式和氮肥运筹对免耕厢沟栽培杂交稻氮素利用及产量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(3):609-617.Zhao J H,Li Y,Sun Y J,Li Y H,Sun J W,Dai Z,Xie HY,Xu H,Ma J.Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of hybrid rice cultivated in ditches under no-tillage.Plant Nutr Fert Sci,2016,22(3):609-617.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]Wang Z Q,Zhang W Y,Beebout S S,Hao Z,Liu L.Grain yield,water and nitrogen use efficiencies of rice as influenced by irrigation regimes and their interaction with nitrogen rates.Field Crops Res,2016:193,54-69.
[10]常勇,黄忠勤,周兴根,孙克新,周涧楠,丁震乾,王波,李小珊.不同麦秸还田量对水稻生长发育、产量及品质的影响田.江苏农业科学,2018,46(20):47-51.Chang Y,Huang Z Q,Zhou X G,Sun K X,Zhou J N,Ding Z Q,Wang B,Li X S.Different amount of wheat straw counters-field impact on rice growth,yield and quality.Jiangsu Agric Sci,2018,46(20):47-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]刘玲玲,刘婷,狄霖,吴文祥,盛海君,余彬彬,杨艳菊,钱晓晴,王娟娟.秸秆全量还田对水稻生长及土壤理化性质的影响.扬州大学学报,2018,39(3):81-85.Liu L L,Liu T,Di L,Wu W X,Sheng H J,Yu B B,Yang Y J,Qian X Q,Wang J J.Influences of total straw returning on rice growth and soil physiochemical properties.J Yangzhou Univ,2018,39(3):81-85.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]Zeng X M,Han B J,Xu F S,Huang J L,Cai H M,Shi L.Effects of modified fertilization technology of on the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of midseason rice.Field Crop Res,2012,137:203-212.
[13]李旭毅,孙永健,程洪彪,郑宏祯,刘树金,胡蓉,马均.两种生态条件下氮素调控对不同栽培方式水稻干物质积累和产量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):773-781.Li X Y,Sun Y J,Cheng H B,Zhen H Z,Liu S J,Hu R,Ma Jet al.Effects of nitrogen application strategy and cultivation model on the performances of canopy apparent photosynthesis of Indica hybrid rice Eryou 498during filling stage.Plant Nutr Fert Sci,2011,17(4):773-781.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]张军,张洪程,段祥茂.地力与施氮量对超级稻产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响.作物学报,2011,37(11):2020-2029.Zhang T,Zhang H C,Duan X M.Effects of soil fertility and nitrogen application rates on super rice yield quality,and nitrogen use efficiency.Acta Agron Sin,2011,37(11):2020-2029.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]魏海燕,工亚江,孟天瑶,徐宗进,杨波,郭保卫,杜斌,戴其根,许轲,霍中洋,魏海燕.机插超级粳稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率对氮肥的响应.应用生态学报,2014,25(2):488-496.Wei H Y,Wang Y J,Meng T Y,Xu Z J,Yang B,Guo B W,Du B,Dai Q G,Xu K,Huo Z Y,Wei H Y.Response of yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency to nitrogen fertilizer from mechanical transplanting super japonica rice.Chin J Appl Ecol,2014,25(2):488-496.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]于林惠,李刚华,徐晶晶,凌启鸿,丁艳锋.基于高产示范方的机插水稻群体特征研究.中国水稻科学,2011,26(4):451-456.Yu L H,Li G H,Xu J J,Ling Q H,Ding Y F.Population characteristics of machine-transplanted japonica rice based on high-yield demonstration fields.Chin J Rice Sci,2011,26(4):451-456.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]Zhang H,Chen T T,Liu L J,Wang Z Q,Yang J C,Zhang J.Performance in grain yield and physiological traits of rice in the Yangtze River basin of China during the last 60yr.J Integr Agric,2013,12(1):57-66.
[18]严奉君,孙永健,马均,徐徽,李玥,杨志远,蒋明金,吕腾飞等.秸秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):23-55.Yan F J,Sun Y J,Ma J,Xu H,Li Y,Yang Z Y,Jiang M J,LüT F.Effects of straw mulch and nitrogen management on root growth and nitrogen utilization characteristics of hybrid rice.Plant Nutr Fert Sci,2015,21(1):23-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]陈培峰,董明辉,顾俊荣,惠锋,乔中英,杨代凤,刘腾飞.麦秸还田与氮肥运筹对超级稻强弱势粒粒重与品质的影响.中国水稻科学,2012,26(6):715-722.Chen P F,Dong M H,Gu J R,Hui F,Qiao Z Y,Yang D F,Liu T F.Effects of returning wheat residue to field and nitrogen management on grain weight and quality of superior and inferior grain in super rice.Chin J Rice Sci,2012,26(6):715-722.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]朱萍,顾艾节,王华,顾建芹.稻麦秸秆连续还田配施腐熟剂对土壤性状和水稻产量的影响.上海农业学报,2018,34(2):60-64.Zhu P,Gu A J,Wang H,Gu J Q,Gu J Q.Effects of continuous rice and wheat straw returning to field with decomposing agent on soil properties and rice yield.Acta Agric Shanghai,2018,34(2):60-64.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]怀燕,潘建清,陈一定,陆若辉,朱伟锋.腐熟剂作用下油菜秸秆还田对土壤性状与单季稻产量的影响.浙江农业科学,2014(5):636-638.Huan Y,Pan J Q,Chen Y D,Lu R H,Zhu W F.Rotten agent under the action of rape straw returned to soil properties and the effect of single harvesting yield.Zhejiang Agric Sci,2014(5):636-638.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Cabangon R J,Tuong T P,Castillo E G,Bao L X,Lu G A,Wang G H,Cui Y L,Bouman B A M,Li Y H,Chen C D,Wang J Z.Effect of irrigation method and N-fertilizer management on rice yield,water productivity and nutrient-use efficiencies in typical lowland rice conditions in China.Paddy Water Environ,2004,2:195-206.
[23]杨建昌,王志琴,朱庆森.不同土壤水分状况下氮素营养对水稻产量的影响及其生理机制的研究.中国农业科学,1996,29(4):58-66.Yang J C,Wang Z Q,Zhu Q S.Effect of nitrogen nutrition on rice yield and its physiological mechanism under different status of soil moisture.Sci Agric Sin,1996,29(4):58-66.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Sun Y J,Ma J,Sun Y Y,Xu H,Yang Z Y,Liu S J,Jia X W,Zheng H Z.The effects of different water and nitrogen managements on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in hybrid rice of China.Field Crops Res,2012,127(27):85-98.
[25]吴登,黄世礽,李明灌,谢毅栋,梁玉祥,陈智慧.稻草还田免耕抛秧的增产效果及节水效应.杂交水稻,2006(S1):109-112.Wu D,Huang S R,Li M G,Xie Y D,Liang Y X,Chen ZH.Straw counters-field increase yield and some water-saving effect.Hybrid Rice,2006(S1):109-112.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]任万军,刘代银,伍菊仙,杨文钰,樊高琼.免耕高留茬抛秧稻的产量及若干生理特性研究.作物学报,2008,34(11):1994-2002.Ren W J,Liu D Y,Wu J X,Yang W Y,Fan G Q.Effect of broadcasting rice seedlings in the field with high standing-stubbles under no-tillage condition on yield and some physiological characteristics.Acta Agron Sin,2008,34(11):1994-2002.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]叶文培,谢小立,王凯荣,李志国.不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育及产量的影响.中国水稻科学,2008,22(1):65-70.Ye W P,Xie X L,Wang K R,Li Z G.Effects of rice straw maturing in different periods on growth and yield of rice.Chin J Rice Sci,2008,22(1):65-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]Jawson M D,Elliott L F.Carbon and nitrogen transformations during wheat straw and root decomposition.Soil Biol Chem,1986,18:15-22.
[29]张杰,刘正柱,将井军,陈凤英.小麦留高茬还田的效果.土壤通报,2001(4):34-36.Zhang J,Liu Z Z,Jiang J J,Chen F Y.The Effect and methods of returning the high stubble of wheat stubble into field.Chin J Soil Sci,2001(4):34-36.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]钱洪兵,韩春贵,钱存进,严桂珠.稻麦秸秆直接还田技术研究.土壤通报,1998(2):26-29.Qian H B,Han C G,Qian C J,Yan G Z.Rice and wheat straw counters-field technology research.Chin J Soil Sci,1998(2):26-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]张自常,李鸿伟,曹转勤,王志琴,杨建昌.施氮量和灌溉方式的交互作用对水稻产量和品质影响.作物学报,2013,39(1):84-92.Zhang Z C,Li H W,Cao Z Q,Wang Z Q,Yang J C.Effect of interaction between nitrogen rate and irrigation regime on grain yield and quality of rice.Acta Agron Sin,2013,39(1):84-92.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]孙永健,孙园园,刘树金,杨志远,程洪彪,贾现文,马均.水分管理和氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收、转运及分配的影响.作物学报,2011,37(12):2221-2232.Sun Y J,Sun Y Y,Liu S J,Yang Z Y,Cheng H B,Jia X W,Ma J.Effects of water management and nitrogen application strategies on nutrient absorption,transfer,and distribution in rice.Acta Agron Sin,2011,37(12):2221-2232.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]Ishii R.Leaf photosynthesis in rice in relation to grain yields//Abrol Y P,Govindjee M P.Photosynthesis-Photoreactions to Plant Productivity.Kluwer,Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1993:561-569.
[2]Kousterna E.The effect of covering and mulching on the temperature and moisture of soil and broccoli yield.Acta Agrophys,2014,21(2):165-178.
[3]Su W,Lu J W,Wang W N,Li X K,Ren T,Cong R H.Influence of rice straw mulching on seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter oilseed rape in intensive rice oilseed rape cropping system.Field Crop Res,2014,159:53-61.
[4]Jawson M D,Elliott L F.Carbon and nitrogen transformations during wheat straw and root decomposition.Soil Bio Chem,1986,18:15-22.
[5]马宗国,卢绪奎,万丽,陈祖光,左辉.小麦秸秆还田对水稻生长及土壤肥力的影响.作物杂志,2003(5):37-38.Ma Z G,Lu X K,Wan L,Chen Z G,Zuo H.Effects of wheat straw returning on rice growth and soil fertility.Crops,2003(5):37-38.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]孙永健,马均,孙园园,徐徽,严奉君,代邹,蒋明金,李玥.水氮管理模式对杂交籼稻冈优527群体质量和产量的影响.中国农业科学,2014,47(10):2047-2061.Sun Y J,Ma J,Sun Y Y,Xu H,Yan F J,Dai Z,Jiang M J,Li Y.Effects of water and nitrogen management patterns on population quality and yield of hybrid rice Gangyou527.Sci Agric Sin,2014,47(10):2047-2061.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]严奉君,孙永健,马均,徐徽,李玥,代邹,杨志远,蒋明金,孙园园.灌溉方式与秸秆覆盖优化施氮模式对秸秆腐熟特征及水稻氮素利用的影响.中国生态农业学报,2016,24(11):1435-1444.Yan F J,Sun Y J,Ma J,Xu H,Li Y,Dai Z,Yang Z Y,Jiang M J,Sun Y Y.Effects of irrigation method and straw mulch-nitrogen management pattern on straw decomposition characteristics and nitrogen utilization of hybrid rice.Chin J Eco-Agric,2016,24(11):1435-1444.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]赵建红,李玥,孙永健,李应洪,孙加威,代邹,谢华英,徐徽,马均.灌溉方式和氮肥运筹对免耕厢沟栽培杂交稻氮素利用及产量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(3):609-617.Zhao J H,Li Y,Sun Y J,Li Y H,Sun J W,Dai Z,Xie HY,Xu H,Ma J.Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of hybrid rice cultivated in ditches under no-tillage.Plant Nutr Fert Sci,2016,22(3):609-617.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]Wang Z Q,Zhang W Y,Beebout S S,Hao Z,Liu L.Grain yield,water and nitrogen use efficiencies of rice as influenced by irrigation regimes and their interaction with nitrogen rates.Field Crops Res,2016:193,54-69.
[10]常勇,黄忠勤,周兴根,孙克新,周涧楠,丁震乾,王波,李小珊.不同麦秸还田量对水稻生长发育、产量及品质的影响田.江苏农业科学,2018,46(20):47-51.Chang Y,Huang Z Q,Zhou X G,Sun K X,Zhou J N,Ding Z Q,Wang B,Li X S.Different amount of wheat straw counters-field impact on rice growth,yield and quality.Jiangsu Agric Sci,2018,46(20):47-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]刘玲玲,刘婷,狄霖,吴文祥,盛海君,余彬彬,杨艳菊,钱晓晴,王娟娟.秸秆全量还田对水稻生长及土壤理化性质的影响.扬州大学学报,2018,39(3):81-85.Liu L L,Liu T,Di L,Wu W X,Sheng H J,Yu B B,Yang Y J,Qian X Q,Wang J J.Influences of total straw returning on rice growth and soil physiochemical properties.J Yangzhou Univ,2018,39(3):81-85.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]Zeng X M,Han B J,Xu F S,Huang J L,Cai H M,Shi L.Effects of modified fertilization technology of on the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of midseason rice.Field Crop Res,2012,137:203-212.
[13]李旭毅,孙永健,程洪彪,郑宏祯,刘树金,胡蓉,马均.两种生态条件下氮素调控对不同栽培方式水稻干物质积累和产量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):773-781.Li X Y,Sun Y J,Cheng H B,Zhen H Z,Liu S J,Hu R,Ma Jet al.Effects of nitrogen application strategy and cultivation model on the performances of canopy apparent photosynthesis of Indica hybrid rice Eryou 498during filling stage.Plant Nutr Fert Sci,2011,17(4):773-781.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]张军,张洪程,段祥茂.地力与施氮量对超级稻产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响.作物学报,2011,37(11):2020-2029.Zhang T,Zhang H C,Duan X M.Effects of soil fertility and nitrogen application rates on super rice yield quality,and nitrogen use efficiency.Acta Agron Sin,2011,37(11):2020-2029.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]魏海燕,工亚江,孟天瑶,徐宗进,杨波,郭保卫,杜斌,戴其根,许轲,霍中洋,魏海燕.机插超级粳稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率对氮肥的响应.应用生态学报,2014,25(2):488-496.Wei H Y,Wang Y J,Meng T Y,Xu Z J,Yang B,Guo B W,Du B,Dai Q G,Xu K,Huo Z Y,Wei H Y.Response of yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency to nitrogen fertilizer from mechanical transplanting super japonica rice.Chin J Appl Ecol,2014,25(2):488-496.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]于林惠,李刚华,徐晶晶,凌启鸿,丁艳锋.基于高产示范方的机插水稻群体特征研究.中国水稻科学,2011,26(4):451-456.Yu L H,Li G H,Xu J J,Ling Q H,Ding Y F.Population characteristics of machine-transplanted japonica rice based on high-yield demonstration fields.Chin J Rice Sci,2011,26(4):451-456.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]Zhang H,Chen T T,Liu L J,Wang Z Q,Yang J C,Zhang J.Performance in grain yield and physiological traits of rice in the Yangtze River basin of China during the last 60yr.J Integr Agric,2013,12(1):57-66.
[18]严奉君,孙永健,马均,徐徽,李玥,杨志远,蒋明金,吕腾飞等.秸秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):23-55.Yan F J,Sun Y J,Ma J,Xu H,Li Y,Yang Z Y,Jiang M J,LüT F.Effects of straw mulch and nitrogen management on root growth and nitrogen utilization characteristics of hybrid rice.Plant Nutr Fert Sci,2015,21(1):23-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]陈培峰,董明辉,顾俊荣,惠锋,乔中英,杨代凤,刘腾飞.麦秸还田与氮肥运筹对超级稻强弱势粒粒重与品质的影响.中国水稻科学,2012,26(6):715-722.Chen P F,Dong M H,Gu J R,Hui F,Qiao Z Y,Yang D F,Liu T F.Effects of returning wheat residue to field and nitrogen management on grain weight and quality of superior and inferior grain in super rice.Chin J Rice Sci,2012,26(6):715-722.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]朱萍,顾艾节,王华,顾建芹.稻麦秸秆连续还田配施腐熟剂对土壤性状和水稻产量的影响.上海农业学报,2018,34(2):60-64.Zhu P,Gu A J,Wang H,Gu J Q,Gu J Q.Effects of continuous rice and wheat straw returning to field with decomposing agent on soil properties and rice yield.Acta Agric Shanghai,2018,34(2):60-64.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]怀燕,潘建清,陈一定,陆若辉,朱伟锋.腐熟剂作用下油菜秸秆还田对土壤性状与单季稻产量的影响.浙江农业科学,2014(5):636-638.Huan Y,Pan J Q,Chen Y D,Lu R H,Zhu W F.Rotten agent under the action of rape straw returned to soil properties and the effect of single harvesting yield.Zhejiang Agric Sci,2014(5):636-638.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Cabangon R J,Tuong T P,Castillo E G,Bao L X,Lu G A,Wang G H,Cui Y L,Bouman B A M,Li Y H,Chen C D,Wang J Z.Effect of irrigation method and N-fertilizer management on rice yield,water productivity and nutrient-use efficiencies in typical lowland rice conditions in China.Paddy Water Environ,2004,2:195-206.
[23]杨建昌,王志琴,朱庆森.不同土壤水分状况下氮素营养对水稻产量的影响及其生理机制的研究.中国农业科学,1996,29(4):58-66.Yang J C,Wang Z Q,Zhu Q S.Effect of nitrogen nutrition on rice yield and its physiological mechanism under different status of soil moisture.Sci Agric Sin,1996,29(4):58-66.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Sun Y J,Ma J,Sun Y Y,Xu H,Yang Z Y,Liu S J,Jia X W,Zheng H Z.The effects of different water and nitrogen managements on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in hybrid rice of China.Field Crops Res,2012,127(27):85-98.
[25]吴登,黄世礽,李明灌,谢毅栋,梁玉祥,陈智慧.稻草还田免耕抛秧的增产效果及节水效应.杂交水稻,2006(S1):109-112.Wu D,Huang S R,Li M G,Xie Y D,Liang Y X,Chen ZH.Straw counters-field increase yield and some water-saving effect.Hybrid Rice,2006(S1):109-112.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]任万军,刘代银,伍菊仙,杨文钰,樊高琼.免耕高留茬抛秧稻的产量及若干生理特性研究.作物学报,2008,34(11):1994-2002.Ren W J,Liu D Y,Wu J X,Yang W Y,Fan G Q.Effect of broadcasting rice seedlings in the field with high standing-stubbles under no-tillage condition on yield and some physiological characteristics.Acta Agron Sin,2008,34(11):1994-2002.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]叶文培,谢小立,王凯荣,李志国.不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育及产量的影响.中国水稻科学,2008,22(1):65-70.Ye W P,Xie X L,Wang K R,Li Z G.Effects of rice straw maturing in different periods on growth and yield of rice.Chin J Rice Sci,2008,22(1):65-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]Jawson M D,Elliott L F.Carbon and nitrogen transformations during wheat straw and root decomposition.Soil Biol Chem,1986,18:15-22.
[29]张杰,刘正柱,将井军,陈凤英.小麦留高茬还田的效果.土壤通报,2001(4):34-36.Zhang J,Liu Z Z,Jiang J J,Chen F Y.The Effect and methods of returning the high stubble of wheat stubble into field.Chin J Soil Sci,2001(4):34-36.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]钱洪兵,韩春贵,钱存进,严桂珠.稻麦秸秆直接还田技术研究.土壤通报,1998(2):26-29.Qian H B,Han C G,Qian C J,Yan G Z.Rice and wheat straw counters-field technology research.Chin J Soil Sci,1998(2):26-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]张自常,李鸿伟,曹转勤,王志琴,杨建昌.施氮量和灌溉方式的交互作用对水稻产量和品质影响.作物学报,2013,39(1):84-92.Zhang Z C,Li H W,Cao Z Q,Wang Z Q,Yang J C.Effect of interaction between nitrogen rate and irrigation regime on grain yield and quality of rice.Acta Agron Sin,2013,39(1):84-92.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]孙永健,孙园园,刘树金,杨志远,程洪彪,贾现文,马均.水分管理和氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收、转运及分配的影响.作物学报,2011,37(12):2221-2232.Sun Y J,Sun Y Y,Liu S J,Yang Z Y,Cheng H B,Jia X W,Ma J.Effects of water management and nitrogen application strategies on nutrient absorption,transfer,and distribution in rice.Acta Agron Sin,2011,37(12):2221-2232.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]Ishii R.Leaf photosynthesis in rice in relation to grain yields//Abrol Y P,Govindjee M P.Photosynthesis-Photoreactions to Plant Productivity.Kluwer,Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1993:561-569.