不同温度条件下土壤颗粒组成对宽叶雀稗种子发芽与幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
为探讨水土流失区表层土壤砂砾化环境对植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,选取我国南方水土保持良种宽叶雀稗为试验材料,设置4个温度梯度(15、20、25、30℃),按不同径级的土壤颗粒组成配制5种不同程度砂砾化的土壤作为种子发芽基质,研究温度和土壤颗粒组成对宽叶雀稗种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:温度和土壤颗粒配比对宽叶雀稗种子发芽与幼苗生长均有显著影响。随着温度升高,宽叶雀稗种子发芽初始时间提前,发芽率稳定所需时间缩短,发芽速率加快;20、25℃时,种子发芽率与发芽势较高,地上部与根系生物量较大;20、25、30℃时,种子发芽指数、活力指数较高,苗高较高,根长较长;长度根冠比随着温度升高先降后升,25℃时最小。宽叶雀稗种子在土壤粗颗粒含量较高(>2mm∶1~2mm∶<1mm=100%∶0%∶0%)时,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均为最低;土壤粗细颗粒含量适中(>2 mm∶1~2 mm∶<1 mm=25%∶37.5%∶37.5%或50%∶25%∶25%)时,种子发芽指数、活力指数较高。苗高随着土壤粗颗粒含量的增加逐渐增大,根长、长度根冠比则随土壤粗颗粒比例的增加而降低,幼苗地上部与根系生物量则在土壤粗细颗粒含量适中(>2 mm∶1~2mm∶<1mm=50%∶25%∶25%或75%∶12.5%∶12.5%)时较高,说明土壤粗颗粒比例高有利于宽叶雀稗苗高生长,土壤细颗粒比例高有利于根系生长,土壤粗细颗粒比例适中有利于种子发芽及幼苗生物量的积累。
In order to explore the effects of soil surface texture(sand and fine gravel)on seed germination and seedling growth in regions vulnerable to soil erosion,the effects of temperature and soil particle composition on seed germination and seedling growth of Paspalum wettsteinii were assessed.The study utilized topsoil collected from eroding areas to use as substrate,with 4 different temperatures(15,20,25 and 30 ℃)and 5 soil mixtures created by mixing different soil particle composition based on soil particle diameter.The results showed that the temperature and soil particle composition had a significant influence on seed germination and seedling growth of P.wettsteinii.The time to initiation of seed germination after seeding reduced,the duration of seed germination shortened,and the germination rate increased as temperature rose from 15 to 30 ℃.The seed germination rate,germination energy and seedling biomass at 20 and 25℃ were higher than other temperatures.The germination index,vigor index and seedling growth at 20,25,30℃ were significantly higher than that at 15℃.The root-shoot ratio of seedlings initially decreased and then increased,but was lowest at 25℃.The seed germination indexes were lowest in the soil with the composition of 100%coarse particles and highest in the soil with the composition of 25% or 50%coarse particles.With increasing coarse particles,the seedling shoot height increased,while the root length and root-shoot ratio of growth decreased.The above-ground and root biomass of seedlings were higher in the soil with the composition of 50% or 75%coarse particles.The results indicated that high proportion of coarse-grained soil was beneficial to shoot growth,while harmful to root growth,and the soil with the composition of 25%,50% or 75% of coarse particles was propitious to seed germination and the accumulation of seedling biomass.
In order to explore the effects of soil surface texture(sand and fine gravel)on seed germination and seedling growth in regions vulnerable to soil erosion,the effects of temperature and soil particle composition on seed germination and seedling growth of Paspalum wettsteinii were assessed.The study utilized topsoil collected from eroding areas to use as substrate,with 4 different temperatures(15,20,25 and 30 ℃)and 5 soil mixtures created by mixing different soil particle composition based on soil particle diameter.The results showed that the temperature and soil particle composition had a significant influence on seed germination and seedling growth of P.wettsteinii.The time to initiation of seed germination after seeding reduced,the duration of seed germination shortened,and the germination rate increased as temperature rose from 15 to 30 ℃.The seed germination rate,germination energy and seedling biomass at 20 and 25℃ were higher than other temperatures.The germination index,vigor index and seedling growth at 20,25,30℃ were significantly higher than that at 15℃.The root-shoot ratio of seedlings initially decreased and then increased,but was lowest at 25℃.The seed germination indexes were lowest in the soil with the composition of 100%coarse particles and highest in the soil with the composition of 25% or 50%coarse particles.With increasing coarse particles,the seedling shoot height increased,while the root length and root-shoot ratio of growth decreased.The above-ground and root biomass of seedlings were higher in the soil with the composition of 50% or 75%coarse particles.The results indicated that high proportion of coarse-grained soil was beneficial to shoot growth,while harmful to root growth,and the soil with the composition of 25%,50% or 75% of coarse particles was propitious to seed germination and the accumulation of seedling biomass.
引文
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[2]Li F L,Huang Y H,Zhang H R,et al.Study on the allelopathy of leaf extract of herbages for water and soil conservation.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(18):401-405.李发林,黄炎和,张汉荣,等.几种水土保持型牧草叶浸提液化感作用效应.中国农学通报,2010,26(18):401-405.
[3]Peng S Y,Gu Z J,Xiu P.Multiple comparison of effect of tree,shrub and grass in the plot on soil and water conservation in the red soil area of southern China.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(1):25-29.彭绍云,顾祝军,修平.南方红壤试验小区乔灌草多年水土保持效应比较.水土保持研究,2013,20(1):25-29.
[4]Chen H B,Ma X L,Chen Z B,et al.Carbon,nitrogen and pH in rhizosphere of soil-water conserving plants in rare earth mining area in South China.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(5):1334-1341.陈海滨,马秀丽,陈志彪,等.南方稀土矿区水土保持植物根际土壤碳氮及pH特征.土壤学报,2016,53(5):1334-1341.
[5]Bewley J D.Seed germination and dormancy.The Plant Cell,1997,9(7):1055-1066.
[6]Lin D H,Xing B S.Phytotoxicity of nanoparticles:Inhibition of seed germination and root growth.Environmental Pollution,2007,150(2):243-250.
[7]Rao N,Dong L Y,Li J,et al.Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of American Sloughgrass(Beckmannia syzigachne).Weed Science,2008,56(4):529-533.
[8]Xiao C,Wang X F,Xia J,et al.The effect of temperature,water level and burial depth on seed germination of Myriophyllum spicatumand Potamogeton malaianus.Aquatic Botany,2010,92(1):28-32.
[9]Huang Z Y,Zhang X S,Gutterman Y,et al.Influence of light,temperature and salinity on the seed germination of Haloxylon ammodendron.Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica,2001,27(3):275-280.黄振英,张新时,Gutterman Y,等.光照、温度和盐分对梭梭种子萌发的影响.植物生理学报,2001,27(3):275-280.
[10]Khan M A,Gulzar S.Light,salinity,and temperature effects on the seed germination of perennial grasses.American Journal of Botany,2003,90(1):131-134.
[11]Jia S W,He X B,Chen Y M,et al.Effect of soil erosion on soil organic carbon loss on the Loess Hilly Areas.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(4):88-90.贾松伟,贺秀斌,陈云明,等.黄土丘陵区土壤侵蚀对土壤有机碳流失的影响研究.水土保持研究,2004,11(4):88-90.
[12]Zhang X C,Liu G B,Fu H F.Soil nitrogen losses of catchment by water erosion as affected by vegetation coverage.Environmental Science,2000,21(6):16-19.张兴昌,刘国彬,付会芳.不同植被覆盖度对流域氮素径流流失的影响.环境科学,2000,21(6):16-19.
[13]Mcisaac G F,Hirschi M C,Mitchell J K.Nitrogen and phosphorus in eroded sediment from corn and soybean tillage systems.Journal of Environmental Quality,1991,20(3):663-670.
[14]Yue H.Ecological benefits of the different measures on serious erosion area.Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2009.岳辉.强度水土流失区不同治理措施的生态效益研究.福州:福建农林大学,2009.
[15]Cai L P,Liu M X,Hou X L,et al.Grey relation analysis on restoration effects of different governance models in intensity soil erosion area of Changting County.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(1):85-92.蔡丽平,刘明新,侯晓龙,等.长汀强度水土流失区不同治理模式恢复效果的灰色关联分析.中国农学通报,2014,30(1):85-92.
[16]Cai L P,Liu M X,Hou X L,et al.Comparison of plant diversity among different governance models in collapsing gully erosion area of Changting County.Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2012,41(4):524-528.蔡丽平,刘明新,侯晓龙,等.长汀县崩岗侵蚀区不同治理模式植物多样性的比较.福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2012,41(4):524-528.
[17]Zeng C S.Study on the ecological environment of Fujian typical area.Beijing:China Environmental Sciences Press,2006.曾从盛.福建典型区生态环境研究.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006.
[18]Yang W Q.Forest soil ecology.Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,2006.杨万勤.森林土壤生态学.成都:四川科学技术出版社,2006.
[19]Li J,Tang C R,Shen J J,et al.Fractal characteristics of soil particles of the Nature Reserve in Wanglang.Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2013,30(3):47-51.黎俊,唐春蓉,沈俊剑,等.王朗自然保护区表层土壤颗粒粒径分布的分形特征.重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,30(3):47-51.
[20]Zhang J Y,Zhao H L.Changes in soil particles fraction and their effects on stability of soil-vegetation system in restoration processes of degraded sandy grassland.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(4):1395-1401.张继义,赵哈林.退化沙质草地恢复过程土壤颗粒组成变化对土壤-植被系统稳定性的影响.生态环境学报,2009,18(4):1395-1401.
[21]Galantini J A,Senesi N,Brunetti G,et al.Influence of texture on organic matter distribution and quality and nitrogen and sulphur status in semiarid Pampean grassland soils of Argentina.Geoderma,2004,123(1):143-152.
[22]Ge N N,Shi Y,Yang X L,et al.Distribution of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and water stable aggregates of cropland with different soil textures on the Loess Plateau,Northwest China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(5):1626-1632.葛楠楠,石芸,杨宪龙,等.黄土高原不同土壤质地农田土壤碳、氮、磷及团聚体分布特征.应用生态学报,2017,28(5):1626-1632.
[23]Wang Y F.The study on ecophysiology mechanism of seed of Cyclobalanopsis chungii.Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2006.王友凤.福建青冈种子萌发的生理生态学机制研究.福州:福建农林大学,2006.
[24]Liu J F.The study on the characteristics of seed germination and seedling emergence of different types of maize(Zea mays L.).Baoding:Agricultural University of Hebei,2004.刘建凤.不同类型玉米种子萌芽与出苗特性的研究.保定:河北农业大学,2004.
[25]Cao L L,Gan X H,He S.Effects of different geographical provenances and matrix on seed germination and seedling initial growth of Tetracentron sinense.Guihaia,2012,32(5):656-662.曹玲玲,甘小洪,何松.不同种源及基质对水青树种子萌发及幼苗初期生长的影响.广西植物,2012,32(5):656-662.
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