冻融作用对不同土壤CO_2短期释放的影响
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摘要
以干旱区高寒湿地草甸土和绿洲农田灰漠土为研究对象,采用原状土柱研究了不同初始水分条件下冻融作用对两种类型土壤CO_2短期排放的影响。结果表明,在30%～50%和15%～20%水分处理下,草甸土和灰漠土在冻结过程的1h内CO_2排放速率迅速降低,在融化过程的5h内CO_2排放速率迅速增加,其中15%～20%水分处理组CO_2排放速率受抑制和激发影响显著(P <0.05)。在100%水分处理下,草甸土和灰漠土CO_2排放在冻结和融化作用初期12h内均未出现显著抑制和激发现象(P>0.05);由冻融短期试验得出,冻结作用显著抑制了土壤CO_2排放速率,而融化作用促进了CO_2排放速率。冻融作用对草甸土壤CO_2排放的影响高于农田灰漠土。不同土壤类型冻融作用下土壤CO_2排放与温度相关性存在差异,草甸土壤CO_2排放速率与土壤温度间有极显著的正相关关系(P <0.01),而灰漠土土壤CO_2排放速率仅在水分为饱和含水量的30%～50%处理下与土壤温度呈显著正相关关系(P <0.05)。
Freezing and thawing have an important effect on soil CO_2 emissions in regions at mid-high latitude.The effects of water content on the short-term CO_2 fluxes during freeze-thaw cycles were evaluated using the undisturbed soil columns of Typical Alpine Wetland and farmland grey desert soil in winter.Results showed that the emission rate of CO_2 decreased rapidly in the meadow soil and gray desert soil in the first hour of freezing period under the water content treatments of 30%-50%and 15%-20%,and the emission rate of CO_2 increased rapidly within 5 hours at the stage of melting.The inhibition and excitation effects of freezing-thawing cycle on soil CO_2 emissions were significant under the 15%-20% water content treatment(P <0.05).During the first 12 hours of freezing and thawing,no significant inhibition and excitation effects of CO_2 emission under 100% water treatment were found for meadow soil and grey desert soil(P >0.05).Results of 10-day freeze-thaw test indicated that freezing significantly inhibited the emission rate of soil CO_2,while thawing promoted the emission rate of CO_2.The effect of freezing and thawing on CO_2 emission in meadow soil was higher than that in farmland grey desert soil.The correlation between CO_2 emission and soil temperature was different in different soil types under freeze-thaw action.There was a significant positive(P <0.01)correlation between soil CO_2 emission rate and soil temperature under the meadow soil with high organic carbon content.However,the relationships between the soil CO_2 emission rate and the soil temperature was only positively correlated(P <0.05)under the 30%-50% water content treatment for the gray desert soil with low organic carbon.
Freezing and thawing have an important effect on soil CO_2 emissions in regions at mid-high latitude.The effects of water content on the short-term CO_2 fluxes during freeze-thaw cycles were evaluated using the undisturbed soil columns of Typical Alpine Wetland and farmland grey desert soil in winter.Results showed that the emission rate of CO_2 decreased rapidly in the meadow soil and gray desert soil in the first hour of freezing period under the water content treatments of 30%-50%and 15%-20%,and the emission rate of CO_2 increased rapidly within 5 hours at the stage of melting.The inhibition and excitation effects of freezing-thawing cycle on soil CO_2 emissions were significant under the 15%-20% water content treatment(P <0.05).During the first 12 hours of freezing and thawing,no significant inhibition and excitation effects of CO_2 emission under 100% water treatment were found for meadow soil and grey desert soil(P >0.05).Results of 10-day freeze-thaw test indicated that freezing significantly inhibited the emission rate of soil CO_2,while thawing promoted the emission rate of CO_2.The effect of freezing and thawing on CO_2 emission in meadow soil was higher than that in farmland grey desert soil.The correlation between CO_2 emission and soil temperature was different in different soil types under freeze-thaw action.There was a significant positive(P <0.01)correlation between soil CO_2 emission rate and soil temperature under the meadow soil with high organic carbon content.However,the relationships between the soil CO_2 emission rate and the soil temperature was only positively correlated(P <0.05)under the 30%-50% water content treatment for the gray desert soil with low organic carbon.
引文
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[15]王德宣,宋长春,王毅勇,等.若尔盖高原沼泽湿地与草地二氧化碳通量的比较[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):285-289.
[16]褚建民,王琼,范志平,等.水分条件和冻融循环对科尔沁沙地不同土地利用方式土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(6):1399-1404.
[17] Spaans E.The Soil Freezing Characteristic:Its Measurement and Similarity to the Soil Moisture Characteristic[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1996,60(1):13-19.
[18] Hohmann M.Soil freezing-the concept of soil water potential State of the art[J].Cold Regions Science&Technology,1997,25(2):101-110.
[19]杨梅学,姚檀栋.青藏高原表层土壤的日冻融循环[J].科学通报,2006,51(16):1974-1976.
[20] Skogland T,Lomeland S,Goksyr J.Respiratory burst after freezing and thawing of soil:Experiments with soil bacteria[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1988,20(6):851-856.
[21]朱新萍,贾宏涛,周建勤,等.降雨对干旱半干旱区湿地和农田土壤CO2短期释放的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2017,34(1):54-58.
[22] Raich J W,Tufekciogul A.Vegetation and Soil Respiration:Correlations and Controls[J].Biogeochemistry,2000,48(1):71-90.
[2]赵光影,郭冬楠,江姗,等.冻融作用对小兴安岭典型湿地土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(16):5411-5417.
[3]娄鑫,谷岩,张军辉,等.冬季积雪与冻融对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(4):63-70.
[4]秦璐,吕光辉,何学敏.艾比湖地区冻融作用对土壤微生物数量和群落结构的影响[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(6):1590-1599.
[5]李娜,汤洁,张楠,等.冻融作用对水田土壤有机碳和土壤酶活性的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(10):1-6.
[6]由国栋,虎胆·吐马尔白,胡钜鑫,等.冻融期盐渍化土壤水盐分布的变化特征[J].新疆农业大学学报,2017,40(3):217-222.
[7]刘文杰,陈生云,赵倩,等.疏勒河上游多年冻土区植物生长季主要温室气体排放观测[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(5):1149-1156.
[8]陶娜,张馨月,曾辉,等.积雪和冻结土壤系统中的微生物碳排放和碳氮循环的季节特征[J].微生物学通报,2013,40(1):146-157.
[9]Grogan P,Jonasson S.Ecosystem CO2 production during winter in a Swedish subarctic region:the relative importance of climate and vegetation type[J].Global Change Biology,2010,12(8):1479-1495.
[10]胡保安,贾宏涛,朱新萍,等.新疆巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地土壤呼吸对水分条件的响应[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(7):1041-1049.
[11]秦璐,吕光辉,何学敏,等.艾比湖地区土壤呼吸对季节性冻土厚度变化的响应[J].生态学报,2013,33(22):7259-7269.
[12]鲁如坤.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[13] Grogan P,Michelsen A,Ambus P,et al.Freeze–thaw regime effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in sub-arctic heath tundra mesocosms[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2004,36(4):641-654.
[14] Vestgarden L S,Austnes K.Effects of freeze-thaw on C and N release from soils below different vegetation in a montane system:a laboratory experiment[J].Global Change Biology,2010,15(4):876-887.
[15]王德宣,宋长春,王毅勇,等.若尔盖高原沼泽湿地与草地二氧化碳通量的比较[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):285-289.
[16]褚建民,王琼,范志平,等.水分条件和冻融循环对科尔沁沙地不同土地利用方式土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(6):1399-1404.
[17] Spaans E.The Soil Freezing Characteristic:Its Measurement and Similarity to the Soil Moisture Characteristic[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1996,60(1):13-19.
[18] Hohmann M.Soil freezing-the concept of soil water potential State of the art[J].Cold Regions Science&Technology,1997,25(2):101-110.
[19]杨梅学,姚檀栋.青藏高原表层土壤的日冻融循环[J].科学通报,2006,51(16):1974-1976.
[20] Skogland T,Lomeland S,Goksyr J.Respiratory burst after freezing and thawing of soil:Experiments with soil bacteria[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1988,20(6):851-856.
[21]朱新萍,贾宏涛,周建勤,等.降雨对干旱半干旱区湿地和农田土壤CO2短期释放的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2017,34(1):54-58.
[22] Raich J W,Tufekciogul A.Vegetation and Soil Respiration:Correlations and Controls[J].Biogeochemistry,2000,48(1):71-90.