三峡库区高陡危岩软弱基座力学特性研究——以望霞危岩炭质页岩基座为例
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摘要
对三峡库区巫峡望霞危岩软弱基座炭质页岩样品进行X射线衍射与SEM扫描电镜分析,结果表明矿物成分中蒙脱石、云母、绿泥石含量较高,这些层状结构硅酸盐矿物具有高吸水性与易滑性特点;岩溶区地表碱性环境下蒙脱石和云母向绿泥石转化,岩石抗剪强度低,易发生滑动导致危岩体失稳。使用RMT-150C岩石力学试验系统进行不同围压下炭质页岩三轴压缩试验,通过一元线性回归分析方法获取了炭质页岩强度参数粘结力c=200 k Pa、内摩擦角φ=29.9°;对岩石屈服强度、峰值强度、残余强度与围压数据进行回归分析获得线性控制方程,建立了炭质页岩应力-应变全过程曲线,结果表现出压密、弹性变形、应变软化、塑性流动4个阶段。
The results of X-Ray diffraction and SEM analysis on the carbonaceous shale of soft foundation of the Wangxia unstable rock in WU gorge indicates that the mineral content such as montmorillonite,mica and chlorite is high. These layered silicates show high water absorption and sliding characteristics. Under alkaline ground surface in karst area,the montmorillonite and mica are converted to chlorite,decreasing the shear strength of rock. Therefore,it leads to the whole rock body sliding down along the direction of the major structural surface. According to the triaxial compression test result of carbonaceous shale under different confining pressure by use of the RMT-150 C mechanical testing system,the cohesive force is about 200 k Pa and internal friction angle is about 29. 9° are obtained by Linear regression method. The linear governing equation of the yield strength,peak strength,residual strength and confining pressure is developed based on regression analysis method. The complete stress-strain curveof carbonaceous shale is established and divided into compaction phase,elastic deformation phase,strain softening phase as well as plastic flow phase.
The results of X-Ray diffraction and SEM analysis on the carbonaceous shale of soft foundation of the Wangxia unstable rock in WU gorge indicates that the mineral content such as montmorillonite,mica and chlorite is high. These layered silicates show high water absorption and sliding characteristics. Under alkaline ground surface in karst area,the montmorillonite and mica are converted to chlorite,decreasing the shear strength of rock. Therefore,it leads to the whole rock body sliding down along the direction of the major structural surface. According to the triaxial compression test result of carbonaceous shale under different confining pressure by use of the RMT-150 C mechanical testing system,the cohesive force is about 200 k Pa and internal friction angle is about 29. 9° are obtained by Linear regression method. The linear governing equation of the yield strength,peak strength,residual strength and confining pressure is developed based on regression analysis method. The complete stress-strain curveof carbonaceous shale is established and divided into compaction phase,elastic deformation phase,strain softening phase as well as plastic flow phase.
引文
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[2]PENG J B,FAN Z J,WU D,et al.Heavy rainfall triggered loess-mudstone landslide and subsequent debris flow in Tianshui,China[J].Engineering Geology,2015,186:79-90.
[3]Gebrehiwet T,Guo L J,Fox D,et al.Precipitation of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate under diffusion controlled mixing[J].Applied Geochemistry,2014,46:43-56.
[4]YAO Y S,WANG Q L,LI J G,et al.Seismic hazard assessment of the Three Gorges project[J].Geodesy and Geodynamics,2013,4(2):53-60.
[5]梁专明,龚道民,贺友锋,等.软质岩顺层边坡非典型溃屈型滑坡机制初探[J].自然灾害学报,2010,19(6):31-39.LIANG Zhuanming,GONG Daoming,HE Youfeng,et al.Apreliminary study on atypical buckling-type land slide mechanism of bedding soft rock slope[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2010,19(6):31-39.(in Chinese)
[6]Gegenhuber N,Pupos J.Rock physics template from laboratory data for carbonates[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2015,114:12-18.
[7]王宇,李建林,邓华锋,等.软岩三轴卸荷流变力学特性及本构模型研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(11):3338-3344.WANG Yu,LI Jianlin,DENG Huafeng,et al.Investigation on unloading triaxial rheological mechanical properties of soft rock and its constitutive model[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3338-3344.(in Chinese)
[8]高文华,刘正,刘栋,等.分级加卸载下深部粉砂岩三轴蠕变特性试验研究[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(5):127-134.GAO Wenhua,LIU Zheng,LIU Dong,et al.Experimental study on triaxial creep behavior of deep siltstone under stepwise loading and unloading[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2012,21(5):127-134.(in Chinese)
[9]张传庆,冯夏庭,周辉.岩石多轴与常规三轴强度的关系[J].固体力学学报,2011,32(3):228-234.ZHENG Chuanqing,FENG Xiating,ZHOU Hui.Relationship between polyaxial strength and conventional triaxial strength for rock[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2011,32(3):228-234.(in Chinese)
[10]何潇,陈洪凯,唐红梅,等.长江三峡灰岩区危岩形成机理及稳定性分析研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(6):1-6.HE Xiao,CHEN Hongkai,TANG Hongmei,et al.Research on the mechanism of the development of unstable rocks in the limestone area in the Three Gorges and stability analysis for the rocks[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2014,36(6):1-6.(in Chinese)
[11]柴波,殷坤龙,李想.巴东组岩石能量耗散规律的实验研究[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(6):1013-1019.CHAI Bo,YIN Kunlong,LI Xiang.Experimental study on rock energy dissipation of the middle triassi Badong formation[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(6):1013-1019.(in Chinese)
[12]杜娟,殷坤龙,陈丽霞.基于GIS的巴东县新城区滑坡灾害危险性区划[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(1):149-155.DU Juan,YIN Kunlong,CHEN Lixia.GIS-based land slide hazard zonation of new seat of badong county[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2011,20(1):149-155.(in Chinese)
[13]刘传正,刘艳辉,连建发.长江三峡巴东复杂斜坡系统成因研究[J].地质论评,2006,52(4):510-521.LIU Chuanzheng,LIU Yanhui,LIAN Jianfa.Study on genetic mechanism of the badong slope system in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River[J].Geological Review,2006,52(4):510-521.(in Chinese)
[14]祝艳波,余宏明.巴东组软岩非饱和碎屑土夹层的长期强度[J].工程地质学报,2015,23(5):959-964.ZHU Yanbo,YU Hongming.Long-trem strength of weak intercalated soil in soft rock of Badong formation[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2015,23(5):959-964.(in Chinese)
[15]武尚,刘佑荣,李世佳.三轴压缩条件下灰岩力学特性试验及力学模型研究[J].长江科学院院报,2013,30(3):30-34.WU Shang,LIU Yourong,LI Shijia.Test and models of the mechanical properties of limestone under triaxial compression[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2013,30(3):30-34.(in Chinese)
[16]牛学超,张庆喜,岳中文.岩石三轴试验机的现状及发展趋势[J].岩土力学,2013,34(2):600-607.NIU Xuechao,ZHANG Qingxi,YUE Zhongwen.Current situation and development trends of rock triaxial testing machines[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(2):600-607.(in Chinese)
[17]Neveux L,Grgic D,Carpentier C,et al.Influence of hydrocarbon injection on the compaction by pressure solution of a carbonate rock:An experimental study under triaxial stresses[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2014,55:282-294.
[18]卓莉,何江达,谢红强,等.基于Hoek-Brown准则确定岩石材料强度参数的新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34,增1:2773-2782.ZHUO Li,HE Jiangda,XIE Hongqiang,et al.Study of new method to determine strength parameters of rock material based on Hoek-Brown criterion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(suppl1):2773-2782.(in Chinese)