河南省多级地貌特征及与土壤多样性的关系
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摘要
从土壤多样性向地多样性发展符合土壤地理学的研究趋势,选择河南省作为研究区,将地貌这一主要的地学要素加入到土壤多样性的研究中,并用改进的仙农熵公式对多级地貌空间分布多样性及其与土壤多样性的相关性进行探讨。首先,对河南省1︰175万地貌类型图进行矢量化得到地貌类型等级系统;然后,对地貌和土壤的构成组分多样性和2种不同分类体系的分支率进行计算并分析其特征;最后,在3 km×3 km网格尺度下分析地貌和土壤多样性间的相关性。研究表明:河南省共有3个一级地貌,12个二级地貌和37个三级地貌;随着土壤和地貌分类的等级细化,其分类个数和构成组分多样性值均呈上升趋势,即土壤和地貌所有分类单元在数量构成上的均匀程度越来越高;两种分类系统中,土壤分类较地貌分类有更详细的分类体系,且分支率有较大范围的变化;河南省一级地貌、二级地貌和三级地貌的空间分布多样性值和面积值均最大的类型分别是流水地貌、冲积平原和泛滥平坦地,是不同级别的优势地貌类型;一级地貌类型与土类、亚类和土属多样性间存在紧密的相关关系,且以流水地貌与土壤多样性间的相关性最强。
The development from pedodiversity to geodiversity conforms to the trend of soil geography research. Henan Province was selected for applying modified Shannon entropy equation to the geomorphic types as the main geological factor added to the soils in the study of diversity. Multi-class geomorphic spatial diversity and its correlation with soil diversity were discussed. Firstly, the 1︰1 750 000 landscape type map was vectorized to get the geomorphic type system of Henan Province.Then, geomorphic and soil composition diversity and bifurcation rations(BR) are calculated for soil and geomorphic classification systems. Lastly, the correlation between geomorphic diversity and pedodiversity at a resolution of 1 km ×1 km is discussed.Results showed that the richness of 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd level landform are numbered from 3, 12 to 37. As soil and geomorphic classification levels are getting finer and the classification number and form composition diversity values are accordingly on the rise trend. That is to say, soil and geomorphic tyeps are both growing higher either in richness number or diversity values. Soil classification is a more detailed classification system than geomorphic classification system with its larger range change of the bifurcation rations. The largest spatial distribution and area of 1 st level landform are water flowing plain, 2 nd level landform alluvial and 3 rd level landform flood plain, dominating types respectively to the different levels. Between 1 st level landform and soil group, soil subgroup and soil family there exists the closest tie while the correlation between landform water flowing plain and diversity of soil group is the strongest.
The development from pedodiversity to geodiversity conforms to the trend of soil geography research. Henan Province was selected for applying modified Shannon entropy equation to the geomorphic types as the main geological factor added to the soils in the study of diversity. Multi-class geomorphic spatial diversity and its correlation with soil diversity were discussed. Firstly, the 1︰1 750 000 landscape type map was vectorized to get the geomorphic type system of Henan Province.Then, geomorphic and soil composition diversity and bifurcation rations(BR) are calculated for soil and geomorphic classification systems. Lastly, the correlation between geomorphic diversity and pedodiversity at a resolution of 1 km ×1 km is discussed.Results showed that the richness of 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd level landform are numbered from 3, 12 to 37. As soil and geomorphic classification levels are getting finer and the classification number and form composition diversity values are accordingly on the rise trend. That is to say, soil and geomorphic tyeps are both growing higher either in richness number or diversity values. Soil classification is a more detailed classification system than geomorphic classification system with its larger range change of the bifurcation rations. The largest spatial distribution and area of 1 st level landform are water flowing plain, 2 nd level landform alluvial and 3 rd level landform flood plain, dominating types respectively to the different levels. Between 1 st level landform and soil group, soil subgroup and soil family there exists the closest tie while the correlation between landform water flowing plain and diversity of soil group is the strongest.
引文
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[13]河南省土壤普查办公室.河南土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004
[14]Pavlopoulos K,Evelpidou N,Vassilopoulos A.Mapping geomorphological environment[M].Berlin:SpringerVerlag,2009:5-47
[15]Toomanian N A.Jalalian H,Khademi M K,et al.Pedodiversity and pedogebesis in Zayandeh-rud Valley,Central Iran[J].Geomorphology,2006,81:376-393
[16]檀满枝,张学雷,陈杰,等.SOTER数据库支持下以地形为基础的土壤多样性分析--以山东省为例[J].土壤通报,2003,34(2):85-89
[17]张学雷,陈杰,张甘霖.海南岛不同地形上土壤性质的多样性分析[J].地理学报,2003,58(6):839-844
[18]任圆圆,张学雷.以地形为基础的河南省域土壤多样性的格局[J].土壤通报,2017,48(1):22-31
[19]Yabuki T,Matsumura Y,Nakatani Y.Evaluation of pedodiversity and land use diversity in terms of the Shannon entropy[OL].http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1178038,(2009-05-19)
[20]张学雷,陈杰,龚子同.土壤多样性理论在欧美的实践及在我国土壤景观研究中的应用前景[J].生态学报,2004,24(5):1063-1072
[21]段金龙,张学雷.中国中、东部典型省会和县域土壤与土地利用多样性关联的对比研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(2):195-202
[2]Ibá?ez J J,Jiménez-Ballesta R,García-álvarez A.Soil landscapes and drainage basins in Mediterranean mountain areas[J].Catena,1990,17:573-583
[3]Ibá?ez J J,De-Alba S,Bermúdez F F,et al.Pedodiversity:Concepts and measures[J].Catena,1995,24:215-232
[4]张学雷.土壤多样性:土壤地理学研究的契机[J].土壤,2014,46(1):1-6
[5]段金龙,张学雷,李卫东,等.土壤多样性理论与方法在中国的应用与发展[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(9):995-1 002
[6]任圆圆,张学雷.土壤多样性研究趋势与未来挑战[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):9-18
[7]龚子同,陈鸿昭,张甘霖.寂静的土壤[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:1-133
[8]任圆圆,张学雷.从土壤多样性到地多样性的研究进展[J].土壤,2018,50(2):225-230
[9]段金龙,张学雷.中国中、东部典型省会和县域土壤与土地利用多样性关联的对比研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(2):195-202
[10]段金龙,张学雷.中国中、东部典型样区土壤与水体多样性关联分析[J].水科学进展,2012,23(5):635-641
[11]段金龙,张学雷.区域地表水体、归一化植被指数与热环境多样性格局的关联分析[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2812-2820
[12]段金龙,张学雷.土壤空间分布多样性研究中网格尺寸的选取策略[J].土壤,2014,46(5):961-966
[13]河南省土壤普查办公室.河南土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004
[14]Pavlopoulos K,Evelpidou N,Vassilopoulos A.Mapping geomorphological environment[M].Berlin:SpringerVerlag,2009:5-47
[15]Toomanian N A.Jalalian H,Khademi M K,et al.Pedodiversity and pedogebesis in Zayandeh-rud Valley,Central Iran[J].Geomorphology,2006,81:376-393
[16]檀满枝,张学雷,陈杰,等.SOTER数据库支持下以地形为基础的土壤多样性分析--以山东省为例[J].土壤通报,2003,34(2):85-89
[17]张学雷,陈杰,张甘霖.海南岛不同地形上土壤性质的多样性分析[J].地理学报,2003,58(6):839-844
[18]任圆圆,张学雷.以地形为基础的河南省域土壤多样性的格局[J].土壤通报,2017,48(1):22-31
[19]Yabuki T,Matsumura Y,Nakatani Y.Evaluation of pedodiversity and land use diversity in terms of the Shannon entropy[OL].http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1178038,(2009-05-19)
[20]张学雷,陈杰,龚子同.土壤多样性理论在欧美的实践及在我国土壤景观研究中的应用前景[J].生态学报,2004,24(5):1063-1072
[21]段金龙,张学雷.中国中、东部典型省会和县域土壤与土地利用多样性关联的对比研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(2):195-202