防渗土工膜的缺陷特性与缺陷渗漏研究进展
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摘要
详细阐述土工膜用于防渗工程时出现缺陷的形式与测试方法、缺陷分析理论与计算模型、缺陷预防原则与措施、垫层属性与接触渗流、不同接触和垫层条件下的缺陷渗漏量、缺陷渗漏影响因素等方面的国内外研究现状,对现有的研究成果进行分析、归纳、总结和评价。总结表明,由于土工膜缺陷问题的复杂性和不确定性,现有研究以试验研究为主,辅以一定的理论分析和数值模拟,各方法和理论得到的成果存在一定的差异性。为此,建议了与土工膜缺陷相关的可进一步研究的若干重点问题,促使设计和研究人员对土工膜缺陷问题尽早得以较为全面的认识和有效的控制。
In this paper,research on defects of geomembrane( GM) used in practical engineering in China and abroad is summarized and evaluated from the aspects of geomembrane defect types and test methods,theory of defect analysis and defect calculation model,principles and measures of defect prevention,cushion layer properties and interface flow,the rate of leakage under different contact conditions and cushion layers,and factors of leakage induced by geomembrane defects. Analysis shows that,due to the complexity and uncertainty of geomembrane defects,current research is mainly based on experiments,accompanied by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,producing different results from the theoretical results. Some key problems related to geomembrane defects that require further research are put forward so that an overall recognition and effective control of geomembrane defects can be realized as early as possible.
In this paper,research on defects of geomembrane( GM) used in practical engineering in China and abroad is summarized and evaluated from the aspects of geomembrane defect types and test methods,theory of defect analysis and defect calculation model,principles and measures of defect prevention,cushion layer properties and interface flow,the rate of leakage under different contact conditions and cushion layers,and factors of leakage induced by geomembrane defects. Analysis shows that,due to the complexity and uncertainty of geomembrane defects,current research is mainly based on experiments,accompanied by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,producing different results from the theoretical results. Some key problems related to geomembrane defects that require further research are put forward so that an overall recognition and effective control of geomembrane defects can be realized as early as possible.
引文
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[4]顾淦臣.复合土工膜或土工膜堤坝实例述评[J].水利水电技术,2002,33(12):26-32.(GU Ganchen.Review of dams and dikes with composite geomembrane impervious structure[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2002,33(12):26-32.(in Chinese))
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[6]岑威钧,沈长松,童建文.深厚覆盖层上复合土工膜防渗堆石坝筑坝特性研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(1):175-180.(CEN Weijun,SHEN Changsong,TONG Jianwen.Study of construction behavior of composite geomembrane rockfill dam on thick alluvium deposit[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(1):175-180.(in Chinese))
[7]顾淦臣,沈长松,吴江斌.应用复合土工膜加固石砭峪沥青混凝土斜墙坝[J].水利水电科技进展,2004,24(1):10-14.(GU Ganchen,SHEN Changsong,WU Jiangbin.Reinforcement of Shibianyu asphalt concrete slope wall rockfill dam with composite geomembrane[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2004,24(1):10-14.(in Chinese))
[8]束一鸣.我国水库大坝土工膜防渗工程进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2015,35(5):20-26(SHU Yiming.Progress in geomembrane barriers for seepage prevention in reservoirs and dams in China[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2015,35(5):20-26.(in Chinese))
[9]USMAN M,GALLER R.Ageing and degradation of PVC geomembrane liners in tunnels international conference on chemical[R].Singapore:International Institute of Chemical,Biological&Environmental Engineering,2014.
[10]ROWE R K,RIMAL S,SANGAM H.Ageing of HDPE geomembrane exposed to air,water and leachate at different temperatures[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2009,27(2):137-151.
[11]ROWE R K,SANGAM H P.Durability of HDPE geomembranes[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2002,20(2):77-95.
[12]胡利文,陈嘉鸥.土工膜微结构破损机理分析[J].岩土力学,2002,23(6):702-705(HU Liwen,CHEN Jiaou.Analysis of damage for microstructure of geomembrane[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(6):702-705.(in Chinese))
[13]岑威钧.土石坝防渗(复合)土工膜缺陷及其渗漏问题研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2016,36(1):1-7.(CEN Weijun.Advances in research of defects and leakage of(composite)geomembrane in earth-rock dams[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2016,36(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[14]BRACHMAN R W I,GUDINA S.Gravel contacts and geomembrane strains for a GM/CCL composite liner[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2008,26(6):448-459.
[15]BRACHMAN R W I,SABIR A.Geomembrane puncture and strains from stones in an underlying clay layer[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2010,28(4):335-343.
[16]STARK T D,BOERMAN T R,CONNOR C J.Puncture resistance of PVC geomembranes using the truncated cone test[J].Geosynthetics International,2008,15(6):480-486.
[17]NAREJO D B.A comparison of puncture behavior of smooth and textured HDPE geomembranes[J].Geosynthetics International,1995,2(4):699-706.
[18]STARK T D,PAZMINO L F,Mc DOWELL C J,et al.Equipment pressure applied to geomembrane in composite liner system[J].Geosynthetics International,2012,19(6):416-425.
[19]ANTOINE R,COURARD L.Perforation strength of geosynthetics and sphericity of coarse grains:a new approach[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1996,14(10):585-600.
[20]ATHANASSOPOULOS C,KOHLMAN A,HENDERSON M,et al.Evaluation of geomembrane puncture potential and hydraulic performance in mining applications[C]//The Organizing Committee of the 12th International Conference on Tailings and Mine Waste.Tailings and Mine Waste’08.London:Taylor&Francis,2009:189-198.
[21]HORNSEY W P,WISHAW D M.Development of a methodology for the evaluation of geomembrane strain and relative performance of cushion geotextiles[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2012,35(6):87-99.
[22]ALLEN S.Index puncture testing of geomembranes[J].Geotechnical Fabrics Report,2000,18(7):18-21.
[23]LEE K Y,CHUNG C G,HWANG T J,et al.The stress-strain behavior of geotextiles under puncture loads in a liner system[R].Kitakyushu:International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,2002.
[24]SABIR A,BRACHMAN R W I.Design of a new test apparatus to simulate the long-term response of a geomembrane beneath a gravel contact[R].Toronto:Pan-Am CGS 2011 Organizing Committee,2011.
[25]GHOSH T K.Puncture resistance of pre-strained geotextiles and its relation to uniaxial tensile strain at failure[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1998,16(5):293-302.
[26]LAMBERT S.Understanding and prediction of hydrostatic puncture resistance of geomembranes[C]//Gourc&Girard.Geosynthetics-7th ICG.Delmas:Swets&Zeitlinger,2002:1391-1394.
[27]WILSON-FAHMY R F,NAREJO D,KOERNER R M.Puncture protection of geomembranes part I:theory[J].Geosynthetics International,1996,3(5):605-628.
[28]NAREJO D,KOERNER R M,WILSON-FAHMY R F.Puncture protection of geomembranes part II:experimental[J].Geosynthetics International,1996,3(5):629-653.
[29]KOERNER R M,WILSON-FAHMY R F,NAREJO D.Puncture protection of geomembranes part III:examples[J].Geosynthetics International,1996,3(5):655-675.
[30]GIROUD J P,BADU-TWENEBOAH K,SODERMAN K L.Theoretical analysis of geomembrane puncture[J].Geosynthetics International,1995,2(6):1019-1048.
[31]TOGNON A R,ROWE R K,MOORE I D.Geomembrane strain observed in large-scale testing of protection layers[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2000,126(12):1194-1208.
[32]JIANG Xiaozhen,SHU Yiming,ZHU Jungao.Probabilistic analysis of geomembrane puncture from granular material under liquid pressure[J].Journal of Central South University,2013,20:3256-3264.
[33]GIROUD J P.Geotextiles and geomembranes[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1984,1(1):5-40.
[34]NAREJO D B.Three levels of geomembrane puncture protection[J].Geosynthetics International,1995,2(4):765-769.
[35]HULLINGS D,KOERNER R.Puncture resistance of geomembranes using a truncated cone test[R].Atlanta:Industrial Fabrics Association International,1991.
[36]BRACHMAN R W I,ROWE R K,IRFAN H,et al.High-pressure puncture testing of HDPE geomembranes[R].Toronto:PanAm CGS 2011 Organizing Committee,2011.
[37]DICKINSON S,BRACHMAN R W I.Assessment of alternative protection layers for a geomembrane-geosynthetic clay liner(GM-GCL)composite liner[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2008,45(11):1594-1610.
[38]CHAI J C,MIURA N,HAYASHI S.Large-scale tests for leachate flow through composite liner due to geomembrane defects[J].Geosynthetics International,2005,12(3):134-144.
[39]GIROUD J P,BONAPARTE R.Leakage through liners constructed with geomembranes:part I.geomembrane liners[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1989,8(1):27-67.
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