防渗土工膜缺陷探测方法述评
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摘要
针对土工膜防渗工程在各个阶段不可避免的土工膜缺陷问题,在阅读整理国内外相关文献的基础上,介绍适用于不同阶段的土工膜缺陷探测(含质量检测和渗漏监测)方法,重点对各类电学探测方法的优缺点及适用范围进行阐述评价。最后,归纳总结各种缺陷探测方法的适用性,提出若干土工膜缺陷处理技术建议。总结表明:电学法与其他探测方法相比,具有适用性强和精度高等优势,是未来进一步重点发展的土工膜缺陷探测主流方法;电学法若与缺陷处理技术相结合,可形成一套有效的土工膜缺陷预防和处理措施,以提高土工膜防渗体系的完整性。
During the different stages of anti-seepage engineering using geomembrane, the defect is almost inevitable. According to many related literatures at home and abroad,the paper introduced some detecting methods of geomembrane defect including the examining and monitoring. In particular,the advantages and disadvantages of various detecting methods and their application scope were analyzed and evaluated in detail. After summarizing the applicability of various detecting methods,the paper lists the various repair technologies of geomembrane defects during the different stages of anti-seepage engineering. The study indicates that,compared with other detecting methods,the electrical method has strong applicability,high accuracy,and easy operation,which will attract more attention and development in the future. The combination of the electrical detecting method and the relevant defect repairing will be helpful for the forming of an effective prevention system of the geomembrane defect and the integrity improvement of geomembrane impervious system.
During the different stages of anti-seepage engineering using geomembrane, the defect is almost inevitable. According to many related literatures at home and abroad,the paper introduced some detecting methods of geomembrane defect including the examining and monitoring. In particular,the advantages and disadvantages of various detecting methods and their application scope were analyzed and evaluated in detail. After summarizing the applicability of various detecting methods,the paper lists the various repair technologies of geomembrane defects during the different stages of anti-seepage engineering. The study indicates that,compared with other detecting methods,the electrical method has strong applicability,high accuracy,and easy operation,which will attract more attention and development in the future. The combination of the electrical detecting method and the relevant defect repairing will be helpful for the forming of an effective prevention system of the geomembrane defect and the integrity improvement of geomembrane impervious system.
引文
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[7]高康,兰吉武.电学渗漏探测法用于垃圾填埋场防渗土工膜施工的破坏分析[J].环境卫生工程,2008,16(1):16-18.(GAO Kang,LAN Jiwu.Analysis about construction destruction of impervious geomembrane using electrical seepage measurement method in waste landfill sites[J].Environment Sanitation Engineering,2008,16(1):16-18.(in Chinese))
[8]岑威钧,温朗昇,和浩楠.水库工程防渗土工膜的强度、渗漏与稳定若干关键问题[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2017,25(6):1183-1192.(CEN Weijun,WEN Langsheng,HE Haonan.Strength,leakage and stability problems of impermeable geomembrane for reservoir project[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2017,25(6):1183-1192.(in Chinese))
[9]岑威钧,王蒙,杨志祥.(复合)土工膜防渗土石坝饱和-非饱和渗流特性[J].水利水电科技进展,2012,32(3):6-9.(CEN Weijun,WANG Meng,YANG Zhixiang.Partial saturated seepage properties of(composite)geomembrane earth-rock dams[J].Advances in Science and Technology and Water Resources,2012,32(3):6-9.(in Chinese))
[10]岑威钧,和浩楠,李邓军.土工膜缺陷对土石坝渗流特性的影响及控制措施[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(3):61-65,71.(CEN Weijun,HE Haonan,LI Dengjun.Influence of geomembrane defect on seepage property of earth-rock dams and measures of seepage control[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(3):61-65,71.(in Chinese))
[11]LAINE D L,DARILEK G T.Locating leaks in geomembrane liners of landfills covered with a protective soil[R].St.Paul:Proceedings of Geosynthetics,1993.
[12]BINLEY A,DAILY W.The performance of electrical methods for assessing the integrity of geomembrane liners in landfill caps and waste storage ponds[J].Journal of Environmental&Engineering Geophysics,2003,8(4):227-237.
[13]THIEL R,DARILEK G,LAINE D.Cutting holes for testing vs.testing for holes[J].Geotechnical Fabrics Report,2003,21(5):20-23.
[14]SMITH B,DARILEK G,LAINE D.Enhanced geomembrane CQA through proper application of geomembrane leak location surveys[R].Washington DC:Geosynthetics 2007,2007.
[15]DARILEK G,MENZEL R,JOHNSON A.Minimizing geomembrane liner damage while emplacing protective soil[R].Nashville:Proceedings of Geosynthetics,1995.
[16]LINE D L,MIKLAS M P.Detection and location of leaks in geomembrane liners using an electrical method:case histories[R].Washington DC:Proceedings 10th National Conference,1989.
[17]NOSKO V,CROWTHER J.Can the holy grail of the geosynthetics industry“zero leakage”be achieved by arc testing[R].Portland:Proceedings of Geosynthetics,2015.
[18]GIROUD J P.Design of geotextiles associated with geomembranes[R].Roseville:Proceeding 2nd International Conference on Geotextiles,1982.
[19]TOMES P,FISHER G,WAY W.Geomembrane liner reduces leakage in underground reservoir[J].Public Works Puwoah,1988,119(10):20-32.
[20]NEEDHAM A D,SMITH J W N,Gallagher E M G.The service life of polyethylene geomembrane barriers[J].Engineering Geology,2006,85(1):82-90.
[21]OVERMANN L K.Geomembrane seam nondestructive tests:construction quality control(CQC)perspective[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1990,9(4):415-429.
[22]MCQUADE S J,NEEDHAM A D.Geomembrane liner defects:causes,frequency and avoidance[J].Geotechnical Engineering,1999,137(4):203-213.
[23]YOUNGBLOOD J,WARD B.The technical background and successful field experience of spark testing a conductive liner[J].GSE Technical Document,2009(3):135-138.
[24]ROLLIN A L,JACQUELIN T.Geomembrane failures:lessons learned from geo-electrical leaks surveys[J].Lessons Learned From Failures Associated with Geosynthetics,2000,17:332-341.
[25]BECK A,LAFERTE J.Advancements in leak location technologies for the control of geomembranes[R].Bangkok:Environmental and Water Resources Institute(EWRI),2009.
[26]高康,兰吉武.土工膜漏洞检测经验总结[J].环境卫生工程,2017,25(3):110-113.(GAO Kang,LAN Jiwu.Experience in leak location survey of geomembrane[J].Environment Sanitation Engineering,2017,25(3):110-113.(in Chinese))
[27]SCHEIRS J.A guide to polymeric geomembranes:a practical approach[M].Chichester UK:John Wiley&Sons,2009.
[28]U.S.EPA.Survey of technologies for monitoring containment liners and covers[R].Washington DC:U.S.Environment Protection Agency,2004.
[29]WHITE C C,BARKER R D.Electrical leak detection system for landfill liners:a case history[J].Groundwater Monitoring&Remediation,1997,17(3):153-159.
[30]LAINE D L,DARILEK G T.Detecting leaks in geomembranes[J].Civil Engineering,1993,63(8):50.
[31]PARRA J O.Electrical response of a leak in a geomembrane liner[J].Geophysics,1988,53(11):1445-1452.
[32]KAREN H.Leak detect for landfill liners:overview of tools for vadose zone monitoring[R].Washington DC:Environment Protection Agency,1998.
[33]HANSEN R,BECK A.Electrical leak location surveys for landfill caps[R].Bangkok:Environmental and Water Resources Institute,2009.
[34]ROWE R K,QUIGLEY R M,BRACHMAN R W I,et al.Barrier systems for waste disposal facilities[M].London:E&FN Spon,2004.
[35]ROLLIN A L.Long term performance of polymeric geomembranes[R].Quebec:ICCD GOTECHNIQUE,2004.
[36]BUKET Y N,ELFEKI A M,VAN D A.New approach for ground water detection monitoring at lined landfills[J].Groundwater Monitoring&Remediation,2006,26(2):79-86.
[37]STAMMLER M B.Evaluation of methods for monitoring landfill barriers[C]//Anon.Conference on Contaminated Soil.Berlin:Springer,1986:477-500.
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