南海区虾拖网网囊对刀额新对虾的选择性研究
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摘要
为了研究虾拖网网囊对刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)的选择性,2014—2017年于南海海域使用套网法和裤网法对2组菱目网囊(D25和D30)和6组混目网囊(S35+D18、S25+D25、S30+D25、S35+D25、S35+D30和S35+D35)进行选择性试验。以SELECT模型为基础框架,以logsitic曲线为模型,使用极大似然估算法估算单网次和联合网次下网囊对刀额新对虾的选择性。结果表明,菱目网囊D25和D30对刀额新对虾的选择性很差,逃逸数量很少;套网法试验中,混目网囊S35+D18、S25+D25、S30+D25和S35+D25对刀额新对虾的平均50%选择体长(L50)分别为51.52 mm、60.84 mm、63.21 mm和64.53 mm,平均选择范围(SR)分别为16.48 mm、14.31 mm、12.84 mm和9.75 mm;裤网法试验中,混目网囊S35+D25、S35+D30和S35+D35对刀额新对虾的平均L50分别为75.43 mm、82.38 mm和95.39 mm,平均SR分别为6.93 mm、6.39 mm和20.44 mm,平均相对作业强度(p)分别为0.51、0.52和0.64。综合南海区刀额新对虾的首次性成熟体长(80 mm)和网囊选择性等多方面因素,认为S35+D30网囊的选择性较好,研究结果可为南海海域虾拖网的渔具管理和刀额新对虾资源的合理利用提供参考。
In order to investigate the size selectivity of codend of shrimp beam trawl for Metapenaeus ensis, with covered codend method and trouser trawl method, we carried out fishing experiments on two traditional diamond-mesh codends(D25 and D30), and six novel combined square-mesh and diamond-mesh codends(S35+D18, S25+D25, S30+D25, S35+D25, S35+D30 and S35+D35) in the South China Sea during 2014-2017. We used maximum likelihood method to estimate the selective parameters at haul by haul level and combined haul level with the logistic equation. The results indicate that the D25 and D30 codend were nearly nonselective for M. ensis. In experiments of covered codend method, the mean 50% retention lengths(L50) of M. ensis for the S35+D18,S25+D25, S30+D25 and S35+D25 codends were 51.52 mm, 60.84 mm, 63.21 mm and 64.53 mm, respectively, and the mean selection ranges(SR) were 16.48 mm, 14.31 mm, 12.84 mm and 9.75 mm, respectively. In the experiments of trouser trawl method, the mean L50 s for the S35+D25, S35+D30 and S35+D35 were 75.43 mm, 82.38 mm and 95.39 mm, respectively, and the mean SRs were6.93 mm, 6.39 mm and 20.44 mm, respectively, and the mean relative fishing intensities(p) were 0.51, 0.52 and 0.64, respectively.Considering the first mature length of M. ensis(80 mm) in the South China Sea as well as economical efficiency of fishing and selective properties of codends, it is suggested that the S35+D30 has the best selectivity. The results are benefit for the management of shrimp beam trawl and sustainable harvest of the fishery resources of M. ensis in the South China Sea.
In order to investigate the size selectivity of codend of shrimp beam trawl for Metapenaeus ensis, with covered codend method and trouser trawl method, we carried out fishing experiments on two traditional diamond-mesh codends(D25 and D30), and six novel combined square-mesh and diamond-mesh codends(S35+D18, S25+D25, S30+D25, S35+D25, S35+D30 and S35+D35) in the South China Sea during 2014-2017. We used maximum likelihood method to estimate the selective parameters at haul by haul level and combined haul level with the logistic equation. The results indicate that the D25 and D30 codend were nearly nonselective for M. ensis. In experiments of covered codend method, the mean 50% retention lengths(L50) of M. ensis for the S35+D18,S25+D25, S30+D25 and S35+D25 codends were 51.52 mm, 60.84 mm, 63.21 mm and 64.53 mm, respectively, and the mean selection ranges(SR) were 16.48 mm, 14.31 mm, 12.84 mm and 9.75 mm, respectively. In the experiments of trouser trawl method, the mean L50 s for the S35+D25, S35+D30 and S35+D35 were 75.43 mm, 82.38 mm and 95.39 mm, respectively, and the mean SRs were6.93 mm, 6.39 mm and 20.44 mm, respectively, and the mean relative fishing intensities(p) were 0.51, 0.52 and 0.64, respectively.Considering the first mature length of M. ensis(80 mm) in the South China Sea as well as economical efficiency of fishing and selective properties of codends, it is suggested that the S35+D30 has the best selectivity. The results are benefit for the management of shrimp beam trawl and sustainable harvest of the fishery resources of M. ensis in the South China Sea.
引文
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[2]刘瑞玉,钟振如.南海对虾类[M].北京:农业出版社,1988:1-278.
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[5]杨炳忠,杨吝,谭永光,等.南海区2种桁杆虾拖网渔获组成调查与分析[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(6):115-122.
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[9]余景,陈丕茂,冯雪.珠江口浅海4种经济虾类的食性和营养级研究[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(5):736-741.
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[11]杨炳忠,杨吝,谭永光,等.南海区虾拖网方目与菱目混合网囊渔获性能初步研究[J].海洋科学,2017,41(1):57-64.
[12]杨炳忠,杨吝,谭永光,等.南海区桁杆虾拖网方目与菱目混合网囊网目选择性研究[J].南方水产科学,2018,14(1):105-113.
[13]杨吝.南海区海洋渔具渔法[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2002:1-237.
[14]杨吝,张旭丰,张鹏,等.南海区海洋小型渔具渔法[M].广州:广东科学技术出版社,2007:1-310.
[15]MILLAR R B.Sampling from trawl gears used in sized selectivity experiments[J].ICES J Mar Sci,1994,51(3):293-298.
[16]MILLAR R B.Reliability of size-selectivity estimates from paired-trawl and covered-codend experiments[J].ICES J Mar Sci,2010,67(3):530-536.
[17]MILLAR R B,FRYER R J.Estimating the size-selection curves of towed gears,traps,and hooks[J].Rev Fish Biol Fish,1999,9(1):89-116.
[18]杨炳忠,张鹏,谭永光,等.基于SELECT模型的南海金线鱼刺网选择性研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(5):8-15.
[19]東海正.MS-Excelのソルバーによる曳網の網目選択性Logistic式パラメータの最尤推定[J].水産海洋研究,1997,61(3):288-298.
[20]東海正,三橋廷央.比較操業実験から選択性曲線を求めるSE-LECTモデルについて[J].水産海洋研究,1998,62(3):235-247.
[21]孙满昌.渔具渔法选择性[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:1-305.
[22]MADSEN N,SKEIDE R,BREEN M,et al.Selectivity in a trawl codend during haul-back operation:an overlooked phenomenon[J].Fish Res,2008,91(2/3):168-174.
[23]MILLAR R B,BROADHURST M K,MACBETH W G.Modelling between-haul variability in the size selectivity of trawls[J].Fish Res,2004,67(2):171-181.
[24]张健,孙满昌,钱卫国.桁拖网不同网目结构网囊对主要鱼类的选择性研究[J].上海水产大学学报,2008,17(4):457-463.
[25]张健,孙满昌.桁拖网不同网目结构的网囊对虾类的选择性[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(4):667-676.
[26]陈丕茂.南海北部主要捕捞种类最适开捕规格研究[J].水产学报,2004,28(4):393-400.
[27]SISTIAGA M,HERRMANN B,GRIMALDO E,et al.Assessment of dual selection in grid based selectivity systems[J].Fish Res,2010,105(3):187-199.
[28]FRANDSEN R P,HERRMANN B,MADSEN N,et al.Development of a codend concept to improve size selectivity of Nephrops(Nephrops norvegicus)in a multi-species fishery[J].Fish Res,2011,111(1/2):116-126.
[29]POL M V,HERRMANN B,RILLAHAN C,et al.Impact of codend mesh sizes on selectivity and retention of Acadian redfish Sebastes fasciatus in the Gulf of maine trawl fishery[J].Fish Res,2016,184:54-63.
[2]刘瑞玉,钟振如.南海对虾类[M].北京:农业出版社,1988:1-278.
[3]纪成林,刘必亮.世界新对虾属的资源现状及养殖发展前景[J].水产学报,1996,20(3):72-77.
[4]杨炳忠,杨吝,谭永光,等.湛江近海虾拖网虾蟹类渔获组成[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(4):152-155.
[5]杨炳忠,杨吝,谭永光,等.南海区2种桁杆虾拖网渔获组成调查与分析[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(6):115-122.
[6]WILEMAN D,FERRO R S T,FONTEYNE R,et al.Manual of methods of measuring the selectivity of towed fishing gear[R].ICES Coop Res Rep,1996,215:1-126.
[7]MAHJOUB M S,TAKEDA S,HAYASHI T,et al.Codend selectivity for jack mackerel and whitefin jack and unequal split parameter estimates observed in trouser trawl experiments[J].Fish Sci,2011,77(2):169-181.
[8]巩法慧,张殿昌,刘田田,等.中国东南沿海刀额新对虾群体形态学比较研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(6):76-82.
[9]余景,陈丕茂,冯雪.珠江口浅海4种经济虾类的食性和营养级研究[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(5):736-741.
[10]张健,孙满昌,罗炎标.广东大鹏湾虾拖网网囊网目选择性研究[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(2):166-173.
[11]杨炳忠,杨吝,谭永光,等.南海区虾拖网方目与菱目混合网囊渔获性能初步研究[J].海洋科学,2017,41(1):57-64.
[12]杨炳忠,杨吝,谭永光,等.南海区桁杆虾拖网方目与菱目混合网囊网目选择性研究[J].南方水产科学,2018,14(1):105-113.
[13]杨吝.南海区海洋渔具渔法[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2002:1-237.
[14]杨吝,张旭丰,张鹏,等.南海区海洋小型渔具渔法[M].广州:广东科学技术出版社,2007:1-310.
[15]MILLAR R B.Sampling from trawl gears used in sized selectivity experiments[J].ICES J Mar Sci,1994,51(3):293-298.
[16]MILLAR R B.Reliability of size-selectivity estimates from paired-trawl and covered-codend experiments[J].ICES J Mar Sci,2010,67(3):530-536.
[17]MILLAR R B,FRYER R J.Estimating the size-selection curves of towed gears,traps,and hooks[J].Rev Fish Biol Fish,1999,9(1):89-116.
[18]杨炳忠,张鹏,谭永光,等.基于SELECT模型的南海金线鱼刺网选择性研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(5):8-15.
[19]東海正.MS-Excelのソルバーによる曳網の網目選択性Logistic式パラメータの最尤推定[J].水産海洋研究,1997,61(3):288-298.
[20]東海正,三橋廷央.比較操業実験から選択性曲線を求めるSE-LECTモデルについて[J].水産海洋研究,1998,62(3):235-247.
[21]孙满昌.渔具渔法选择性[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:1-305.
[22]MADSEN N,SKEIDE R,BREEN M,et al.Selectivity in a trawl codend during haul-back operation:an overlooked phenomenon[J].Fish Res,2008,91(2/3):168-174.
[23]MILLAR R B,BROADHURST M K,MACBETH W G.Modelling between-haul variability in the size selectivity of trawls[J].Fish Res,2004,67(2):171-181.
[24]张健,孙满昌,钱卫国.桁拖网不同网目结构网囊对主要鱼类的选择性研究[J].上海水产大学学报,2008,17(4):457-463.
[25]张健,孙满昌.桁拖网不同网目结构的网囊对虾类的选择性[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(4):667-676.
[26]陈丕茂.南海北部主要捕捞种类最适开捕规格研究[J].水产学报,2004,28(4):393-400.
[27]SISTIAGA M,HERRMANN B,GRIMALDO E,et al.Assessment of dual selection in grid based selectivity systems[J].Fish Res,2010,105(3):187-199.
[28]FRANDSEN R P,HERRMANN B,MADSEN N,et al.Development of a codend concept to improve size selectivity of Nephrops(Nephrops norvegicus)in a multi-species fishery[J].Fish Res,2011,111(1/2):116-126.
[29]POL M V,HERRMANN B,RILLAHAN C,et al.Impact of codend mesh sizes on selectivity and retention of Acadian redfish Sebastes fasciatus in the Gulf of maine trawl fishery[J].Fish Res,2016,184:54-63.