科研合作网络形成机理——基于随机指数图模型的分析
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摘要
知识时代的到来,使得学者个人的奋斗难以完成复杂的科研工作要求,学者之间的合作交流显得越来越重要。科研合作有助于产生创新思想,提高科研工作者的工作效率,促进多领域、多学科的交叉与融合,及缩短科研产出的周期等。因此,研究科研合作网络的形成机理具有重要意义。以维普为来源数据库,选取"知识管理"相关研究领域的文献,构建所有学者之间的合作网络,并运用指数随机图模型探究了网络结构和节点属性对合作网络形成的影响机理。结果显示:合作网络具有很好的传递性,网络分布较为均匀,未出现明显的核心节点;相同地区的学者,热门研究领域学者之间的合作更为普遍;此外,拥有高结构洞特征的学者和团队凝聚力高的学者与其他学者的合作更为普遍。
With the advent of knowledge era, it is more difficult for scholars to accomplish complicated scientific research depending on individual efforts. The collaborations and communications among scholars are becoming more and more important. Scientific collaboration helps produce innovative thinking, increase efficiency, promote the interactions and integration of various domains and disciplines, and shorten the cycle of scientific products. It is, therefore, worthwhile to study the mechanism of collaboration network formation. In this paper, by collecting relevant papers in the "knowledge management" domain from Vip database, a collaboration network was established among all scholars, and the influencing mechanism of network structure and node attributes on the formation of cooperation network was explored by using the exponential random graph model(ERGM). The results indicate that the collaboration network has a good transitivity, and the network distribution is uniform, which means there are no obvious core nodes. Meanwhile, the homophily of region and research field among scholars increases the likelihood for their collaboration, and scholars with high structure holes and high group cohesiveness have more collaborations.
With the advent of knowledge era, it is more difficult for scholars to accomplish complicated scientific research depending on individual efforts. The collaborations and communications among scholars are becoming more and more important. Scientific collaboration helps produce innovative thinking, increase efficiency, promote the interactions and integration of various domains and disciplines, and shorten the cycle of scientific products. It is, therefore, worthwhile to study the mechanism of collaboration network formation. In this paper, by collecting relevant papers in the "knowledge management" domain from Vip database, a collaboration network was established among all scholars, and the influencing mechanism of network structure and node attributes on the formation of cooperation network was explored by using the exponential random graph model(ERGM). The results indicate that the collaboration network has a good transitivity, and the network distribution is uniform, which means there are no obvious core nodes. Meanwhile, the homophily of region and research field among scholars increases the likelihood for their collaboration, and scholars with high structure holes and high group cohesiveness have more collaborations.
引文
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[2] Jones B F,Wuchty S,Uzzi B.Multi-university research teams:shifting impact,geography,and stratification in Science[J].Science,2008,322(5905):1259-1262.
[3] Newman M E.Scientific collaboration networks.I.Network construction and fundamental results[J].Physical Review E Statistical Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics,2001,64(2):016131.
[4] 李亮,朱庆华.社会网络分析方法在合著分析中的实证研究[J].情报科学,2008,26(4):549-555.
[5] Bettencourt L M A,Kaiser D I,Kaur J.Scientific discovery and topological transitions in collaboration networks[J].Journal of Informetrics,2009,3(3):210-221.
[6] 刘秋皊,张雷,徐福缘,等.镁合金国际科研合作网络分析[J].科技管理研究,2012,32(3):77-82.
[7] Robins G,Snijders T,Wang P,et al.Recent developments in exponential random graph (p*) models for social networks[J].Social Networks,2007,29(2):192-215.
[8] Jiang S,Gao Q,Chen H,et al.The roles of sharing,transfer,and public funding in nanotechnology knowledge-diffusion networks[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology,2014,66(5):1017-1029.
[9] 陈爱萍,俞琰.基于指数随机图模型的网络新闻媒体分析[J].金陵科技学院学报,2012,28(2):30-36.
[10] Broekel T,Hartog M.Determinants of cross-regional R&D collaboration networks:An application of exponential random graph models[M]// The Geography of Networks and R&D Collaborations.[s.l.]:Springer International Publishing,2013:49-70.
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[12] Newman M E.Coauthorship networks and patterns of scientific collaboration[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2004,101(Sup 1):5200-5205.
[13] 牛奉高,邱均平.基于国家、学科合作网络和期刊分布的中国科研国际合作研究[J].情报科学,2015,33(5):111-118.
[14] 胡一竑,朱道立,张建同,等.中外科研合作网络对比研究[J].管理学报,2009,6(10):1323-1329.
[15] 吴素春,聂鸣.以创新型城市为主导的区域科研合作网络研究——以湖北省论文合著数据为例[J].情报杂志,2013,32(8):125-131.
[16] 刘璇,张朋柱,胡海波.国内知识管理领域科研合作网络研究[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(15):138-145.
[17] 张利华,闫明.基于SNA的中国管理科学科研合作网络分析——以《管理评论》(2004-2008)为样本[J].管理评论,2010,22(4):39-46.
[18] 王福生,杨洪勇.《情报学报》作者科研合作网络及其分析[J].情报学报,2007,26(5):659-663.
[19] 李进,刘瑞璟,于伟,等.作者科研合作网络构建及影响分析——以《复杂系统与复杂性科学》期刊为例[J].复杂系统与复杂性科学,2014,11(3):86-93.
[20] 赵延东,周婵.我国科研人员的科研合作网络分析——基于个体中心网视角的研究[J].科学学研究,2011,29(7):999-1006.
[21] Hoekman J,Frenken K,Oort F.The geography of collaborative knowledge production in Europe[J].The Annals of Regional Science,2009,43(3):721-738.
[22] Abbasi A,Hossain L,Uddin S,et al.Evolutionary dynamics of scientific collaboration networks:Multi-levels and cross-time analysis[J].Scientometrics,2011,89(2):687-710.
[23] 李志宏,王娜,周广刚.国内管理科学领域高校间的学术论文合著网络分析[J].研究与发展管理,2012,24(4):71-80.
[24] 殷宇.高校教师校际科研合作影响因素研究[J].中国校外教育,2016(6):30-31.
[25] 王冬梅.科学基金制度对基础科研合作的引导效用分析[J].科研管理,2010,31(4):98-101.
[26] 许治,陈丽玉,王思卉.高校科研团队合作程度影响因素研究[J].科研管理,2015,36(5):149-161.
[27] 贾茜,李亚婷,张斌.科学合作的形成及其影响因素[J].情报理论与实践,2014,37(6):40-45.
[28] 李纲,刘先红.科研团队中学术带头人的合作特征及其对科研产出的影响[J].情报理论与实践,2016,39(6):70-75.
[29] Faust K.A puzzle concerning triads in social networks:Graph constraints and the triad census[J].Social Networks,2010,32(3):221-233.
[30] Agrawal A,Cockburn I,Mchale J.Gone but not forgotten:Knowledge flows,labor mobility,and enduring social relationships[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2006,6(5):571-591.
[31] Mcpherson M,Smithlovin L,Cook J M.Birds of a feather:Homophily in social networks[J].Annual Review of Sociology,2001,27(1):415-444.
[32] Thelwall M.Homophily in mySpace[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology,2009,60(2):219-231.
[33] Ding Y.Scientific collaboration and endorsement:Network analysis of coauthorship and citation networks[J].Journal of Informetrics,2011,5(1):187-203.
[34] Burt R S.Structural holes:The social structure of competition [M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard Univer Sity Press,1992.
[35] 梁鲁晋.结构洞理论综述及应用研究探析[J].管理学家(学术版),2011(4):52-62.
[36] 孙丽莉.浅析基金资助项目对高校学报的影响[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,17(3):265-266.
[37] Pahor M,?kerlavaj M,Dimovski V.Evidence for the network perspective on organizational learning[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology,2008,59(12):1985-1994.