华北棉区棉花需水量时空变化研究
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摘要
为分析气候变化背景下华北地区棉花需水量和水分生态适宜性时空变化特点,本研究利用华北棉区47个气象站点逐日气象数据,通过SIMETAW模型分析1986—2015年棉花生育期需水量(ETc)、有效降雨量(Pej)和灌溉需水量(ETaw)及变化趋势。结果表明:近30年来,棉花生育期需水量和灌溉需水量呈减小趋势,生育期有效降雨量呈增加趋势;6—8月棉花需水量最大,不同站点月均需水量在80~160mm;7月和8月是棉花灌溉需水量最小的月份,华北棉区平均灌溉需水量接近零,灌溉需水量最大的月份是6月,多年平均灌溉需水量为56.50mm;华北棉区地下水超采区与非超采区灌溉需水量分别为144.41和70.41mm,降水量的不同是造成这种差异的主要原因;华北棉区棉花生育期多年平均需水量、有效降雨量和灌溉需水量分别为560.19、467.32和98.75mm,棉花一年一熟制的灌溉需水量小于传统的冬小麦-夏玉米模式,而经济收益大于春玉米一年一熟制,在华北地区超采区适当增加棉花的种植面积,有利于缓解华北地区水资源缺乏的现状。
Based on the observed daily meteorological data and agro-meteorological data from 1986 to 2015 from 47 normal meteorological stations and agro-meteorological stations in cotton-growing area of North China Region,the cotton water requirements(ETc),effective precipitation(Pej),irrigations demand(ETaw)were calculated by SIMETAW model.The results showed that the water requirement of cotton declined in recent 30 years,but effective precipitation was risen in the same period.The ETcin Jun to Aug was maximum during cotton growth period,which was from 80 to160 mm.However,ETawdemand of Jul and Aug were minimum,which was almost zero,and the maximum irrigation demand month of cotton growth period is Jun,the mean of North China Region was 56.50 mm.The mean of ETaw of cotton in funnel area and normal area were respectively 144.41 and 70.41 mm due to the difference of precipitation.The mean ETc,Pej and ETaw during cotton growth period were 560.19,467.32 and 98.75 mm in North China area,respectively.The water requirement of continuous cotton was lower than winter wheat-summer maize,and the continuous cotton had better benefits than continuous spring maize.In conclusion,replacing the traditional crop rotation with continuous cotton was promising for alleviate water shortages in funnel area.
Based on the observed daily meteorological data and agro-meteorological data from 1986 to 2015 from 47 normal meteorological stations and agro-meteorological stations in cotton-growing area of North China Region,the cotton water requirements(ETc),effective precipitation(Pej),irrigations demand(ETaw)were calculated by SIMETAW model.The results showed that the water requirement of cotton declined in recent 30 years,but effective precipitation was risen in the same period.The ETcin Jun to Aug was maximum during cotton growth period,which was from 80 to160 mm.However,ETawdemand of Jul and Aug were minimum,which was almost zero,and the maximum irrigation demand month of cotton growth period is Jun,the mean of North China Region was 56.50 mm.The mean of ETaw of cotton in funnel area and normal area were respectively 144.41 and 70.41 mm due to the difference of precipitation.The mean ETc,Pej and ETaw during cotton growth period were 560.19,467.32 and 98.75 mm in North China area,respectively.The water requirement of continuous cotton was lower than winter wheat-summer maize,and the continuous cotton had better benefits than continuous spring maize.In conclusion,replacing the traditional crop rotation with continuous cotton was promising for alleviate water shortages in funnel area.
引文
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[29]顾晶,卢健,缴锡云,谢菊.近50年气候变化对黑龙港流域棉花需水规律的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(2):115-117Gu J,Lu J,Jiao X Y,Xie J.The impacts of climate change on cotton water requirements in Heilonggang Basin in recent 20years[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(2):115-117(in Chinese)
[30]宋振伟,张海林,黄晶,陈阜.京郊地区主要农作物需水特征与农田水量平衡分析[J].农业现代化研究,2009,30(4):461-465Song Z W,Zhang H L,Huang J,Chen F.Characters of water requirement for main crops and field water balance in Beijing Region[J].Research of agricultural modernization,2009,30(4):461-465(in Chinese)
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[32]王浩.淮河流域地下水超采区治理与保护措施研究[J].水文,2013,33(6):77-80Wang H.Control and protection measures for groundwater overdraft areas in Huaihe River Basin[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2013,33(6):77-80(in Chinese)
[33]Yang X L,Chen Y Q,Steenhuis T S,Pacenka S,Gao W S,Ma L,Zhang M,Sui P.Mitigating groundwater depletion in North China Plain with cropping system that alternate deep and shallow rooted crops[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,(8):980
[2]Piao S L,Ciais P,Huang Y,Shen Z H,Peng S S,Li J S.Zhou L P.Liu H Y,Ma Y C.Ding Y H,Friedingstein P,Liu C Z,Tan K,Yu Y Q,Zhang T Y,Fang J Y.The impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China[J].Nature,2010,467(7311):43-51
[3]Olesen J E,Trnka M,Kersebaum K C,Skjelvg A O,Seguin B,Peltonen-Sainio P,Rossi F,Kozyra J,Micale F.Impacts and adaptation of European crop production systems to climate change[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2011,34(2):96-112
[4]秦大河.气候变化对我国经济、社会和可持续发展的挑战[J].外交评论,2007,7(4):6-14Qin D H.The changes of climate bring challenges to economy,society and sustainable development of our country[J].Foreign Affairs Review,2007,7(4):6-14(in Chinese)
[5]Yang X L,Gao W S,Shi Q H,Chen F,Chu Q Q.Impact of climate change on the water requirement of summer maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai farming region[J].Agricultural Water Management,2013,124:20-27
[6]Yang X L,Chen F,Chu Q Q.The spatial and temporal variation of water requirement ofwinter wheat during 1960-2009based GIS and SIMETAW model in Huang-Huai-Hai FarmingRegion[J].Sensor Letters,2013,11(6-7):1149-1155
[7]Yuan Z,Yan D,Yang Z,Yin J,Breach P,Wang D.Impacts of climate change on winter wheat water requirement in Haihe River Basin[J].Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2016,21(5):677-97
[8]王进,白洁,罗格平,王绍明.近34年玛纳斯河流域棉花生长和耗水特征研究[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(8):83-89Wang J,Bai J,Luo G P,Wang S M.Growth and water consumption characteristics if cotton in Manas Basin during recent 34years[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(8):83-89(in Chinese)
[9]Rolim,J,Teixeira,J L,Catalao J,Shahidian S.The impacts of climate change on irrigated agriculture in Southern Portugal[J].Irrigation and Drainage,2017,66(1),3-18
[10]Anapalli S S,Fisher,D K,Reddy K N,Pettigrew W T,Sui R,Ahuja L R.Vulnerabilities and adapting irrigated and rainfed cotton to climate change in the Lower Mississippi Delta Region[J].Climate,2016,4(4),55
[11]Luo X,Xia J,Yang H.Modeling water requirements of major crops and their responses to climate change in the North China Plain[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(4):3531-3541
[12]刘玉春,姜红安,李存东,黄鹤,潘增辉,柴春岭.河北省棉花灌溉需水量与灌溉需求指数分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(19):98-104Liu Y,Jiang H A,Li C D,Huang H,Pan Z H,Chai C L.Analysis of irrigation water requirement and irrigation requirement index for cotton of Hebei Province[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(19):98-104(in Chinese)
[13]崔日鲜,付金东.山东植棉区降水与棉花需水耦合度的时空变化特征分析[J].棉花学报,2014,26(1):49-57Cui R X,Fu J D.Spatial and temporal variation of coupling between rainfall and crop water requirements of cotton in Shandong[J],Cotton Science,2014,26(1):49-57(in Chinese)
[14]崔日鲜,陈明利.山东棉花生育期降水量和作物需水量的时空变化特征研究[J].青岛农业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,31(4):255-265Cui R X,Chen M L.Spatial and temporal variation analysis of rainfall and crop water requirements of cotton in Shandong[J].Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University:Natural Science,2014,31(4):255-265
[15]国家统计局农村社会经济调查司.中国农村统计年鉴2014[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2014National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China.China Rural Statistical Yearbook 2014[M],Beijing:China Statistics Press,2014(in Chinese)
[16]王占彪,王猛,尹小刚,张海林,褚庆全,文新亚,陈阜.近50年华北平原冬小麦主要生育期水热时空变化特征分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(5):16-23Wang Z B,Wang M,Yin X G,Zhang H L,Chu Q Q,Wen XY,Chen F.Spatiotemporal change characteristics of heat and rainfall during the growth period of winter wheat in North China Plain from 1961 to 2010[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2015,20(5):16-23(in Chinese)
[17]王占彪,王猛,尹小刚,张海林,褚庆全,文新亚,陈阜.气候变化背景下华北平原夏玉米各生育期水热时空变化特征[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(4):473-481Wang Z B,Wang M,Yin X G,Zhang H L,Chu Q Q,Wen XY,Chen F.Spatiotemporal characteristics of heat and rainfall changes in summer maize season under climate change in the North China Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(4):16-23(in Chinese)
[22]杨晓琳,宋振伟,王宏,石全红,陈阜,褚庆全.黄淮海农作区冬小麦需水量时空变化特征及气候影响因素分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(3):356-362Yang X L,Song Z W,Wang H,Shi Q H,Chen F,Chu Q Q.Spatio-temporal variations of winter wheat water requirement and climatic causes in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming Region[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(3):356-362(in Chinese)
[23]杨晓琳,黄晶,陈阜,褚庆全.黄淮海农作区玉米需水量时空变化特征比较研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2011,16(5):26-31Yang X L,Huang J,Chen F,Chu Q Q.Spatio-temporal variations of summer maize water requirement in HuangHuai-Hai Farming Region[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2011,16(5):26-31.(in Chinese)
[24]孔箐锌,张海林,陈阜,宋振伟.基于SIMETAW模型的北京地区主要作物需水量估算[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(5):109-115Kong J X,Zhang H L,Chen F,Song Z W.Estimation of main crop water requirement in Beijing based on SIMETAW model[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2009,14(5):109-115(in Chinese)
[25]宋振伟.基于模型与情景分析的节水型种植模式构建:以北京市为例[D].北京:中国农业大学,2006Song Z W.The construction of the water-saving cropping system based on simulation mode land scenario analysis:Acase of Beijing[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2009(in Chinese)
[26]康绍忠,蔡焕杰.农业水管理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996Kang S Z,Cai H J.Agricultural Water Management Science[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1996(in Chinese)
[27]王占彪,陈静,毛树春,韩迎春,张立峰,陈阜,李存东,李亚兵.气候变化对河北省棉花物候期的影响[J].棉花学报,2017,29(2):177-185Wang Z B,Chen J,Mao S,Han Y C,Zhang L F,Chen F,Li CD,Li Y B.Impact of climate change on cotton phenophase in Hebei Province[J].Cotton Science,2017,29(2):177-185(in Chinese)
[28]马有绚,张武,张立祯.近30年我国棉花需水特征[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1541-1552Ma Y X,Zhang W,Zhang L Z.Cotton water requirement character during recent 30years in China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(5):1541-1552(in Chinese)
[29]顾晶,卢健,缴锡云,谢菊.近50年气候变化对黑龙港流域棉花需水规律的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(2):115-117Gu J,Lu J,Jiao X Y,Xie J.The impacts of climate change on cotton water requirements in Heilonggang Basin in recent 20years[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(2):115-117(in Chinese)
[30]宋振伟,张海林,黄晶,陈阜.京郊地区主要农作物需水特征与农田水量平衡分析[J].农业现代化研究,2009,30(4):461-465Song Z W,Zhang H L,Huang J,Chen F.Characters of water requirement for main crops and field water balance in Beijing Region[J].Research of agricultural modernization,2009,30(4):461-465(in Chinese)
[31]王海霞.黄淮海北部平原区资源节约型种植制度研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011Wang H X.Study on resource-saving cropping systems in Northern Region of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2011(in Chinese)
[32]王浩.淮河流域地下水超采区治理与保护措施研究[J].水文,2013,33(6):77-80Wang H.Control and protection measures for groundwater overdraft areas in Huaihe River Basin[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2013,33(6):77-80(in Chinese)
[33]Yang X L,Chen Y Q,Steenhuis T S,Pacenka S,Gao W S,Ma L,Zhang M,Sui P.Mitigating groundwater depletion in North China Plain with cropping system that alternate deep and shallow rooted crops[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,(8):980