中南部非洲卢富里安铜钴矿带多期次成矿作用演化
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摘要
中南部非洲新元古代卢富里安(Lufilian)铜钴矿带是全球最主要的铜、钴产地,该成矿带中除了传统上最著名的沉积型铜钴矿以外,还发育有大型的MVT型铅锌矿、沉积型铀铜矿、变质热液型铜金矿和镍铜矿。文章通过整理研究该成矿带内已有的年代学数据,归纳总结该成矿带漫长复杂多期次的成矿作用,划分其成矿年龄范围大约在880～500Ma之间,大致可识别出7个期次;区域上长期的矿化作用时间、多期次成矿作用可能是该矿带中沉积型铜钴矿规模大、数量多、分布广、品位高的原因。结合该成矿带中地层和构造特征,其大致经历了6个演化阶段:(1)裂谷形成初期;(2)裂谷发育高峰阶段;(3)裂谷发育后期热松弛阶段;(4)区域性伸展构造运动阶段;(5)沉积成矿盆地倒转阶段;(6)广泛的造山运动和区域性变质作用阶段。
The Neoproterozoic Lufilian copper-cobalt belt in central and southern Africa is the world's most prevalent copper and cobalt producing area.In addition to traditionally the most famous sedimentary copper-cobalt ore,this metallogenic belt is also characterized by large MVT type lead-zinc deposits,sedimentary uranium-copper deposits,metamorphic hydrothermal copper-gold deposits and nickel-copper deposits.This paper summarizes the long and complex multi-stage mineralization of the metallogenic belt by sorting out the existing geochronology data of the metallogenic belt and divides it into mineralization age range of about 880 ～ 500 Ma,which can be roughly identified seven periods; the long-term mineralization time and multi-stage mineralization in the area may be the reason for the large-scale,large-scale,widely distributed and high-grade sedimentary copper-cobalt deposits in the ore belt.Combined with the stratigraphy and tectonic features of this metallogenic belt,it has undergone six stages of evolution:(1) the initial stage of rifting formation;(2) the stage of rift peak development;(3) the late relaxation stage of rift development;(4) Regional extensional tectonic movement stage;(5) sedimentary metallogenic basin inversion phase; and(6) extensive orogeny and regional metamorphism.
The Neoproterozoic Lufilian copper-cobalt belt in central and southern Africa is the world's most prevalent copper and cobalt producing area.In addition to traditionally the most famous sedimentary copper-cobalt ore,this metallogenic belt is also characterized by large MVT type lead-zinc deposits,sedimentary uranium-copper deposits,metamorphic hydrothermal copper-gold deposits and nickel-copper deposits.This paper summarizes the long and complex multi-stage mineralization of the metallogenic belt by sorting out the existing geochronology data of the metallogenic belt and divides it into mineralization age range of about 880 ～ 500 Ma,which can be roughly identified seven periods; the long-term mineralization time and multi-stage mineralization in the area may be the reason for the large-scale,large-scale,widely distributed and high-grade sedimentary copper-cobalt deposits in the ore belt.Combined with the stratigraphy and tectonic features of this metallogenic belt,it has undergone six stages of evolution:(1) the initial stage of rifting formation;(2) the stage of rift peak development;(3) the late relaxation stage of rift development;(4) Regional extensional tectonic movement stage;(5) sedimentary metallogenic basin inversion phase; and(6) extensive orogeny and regional metamorphism.
引文
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华仁民.1995.论层状铜矿的三种主要成因模式[J].地质论评,41(2):112-120.
刘国平,肖波,孙希文,等.2018.非洲卢富里安成矿带铜-钴多金属矿成矿演化与找矿[M].地质出版社,165-221.
肖波,秦克章,张东红.2014.赞比亚西北省铜-钴矿地质及找矿潜力[J].地质与勘探,50(1):182-191.
张道俊,冷莹莹.2013.赞比亚铜矿床类型及地质特征[J].地质与勘探,49(3):570-576.
张东红,肖波,张璨.2013.赞比亚沉积型铜(-钴)矿地质及未来矿业展望[J].地质与勘探,49(3):577-588.
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