公交乘客失误行为下情绪状态的影响因素研究
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摘要
为提升公交运营安全水平,研究了公交乘客在自身失误行为下情绪状态的影响因素;提出了外部环境、任务压力、认知评估与个人情绪之间的假设关系,并基于假设关系对公交乘客展开问卷调查,建立了公交乘客失误行为下情绪状态的结构方程模型;通过因子分析和路径分析,验证了假设关系成立与否。结果表明:温和的外部环境、任务压力以及积极的认知评估能够有效地稳定公交乘客在失误行为发生后的个人情绪状态,其中认知评估对个人情绪的直接影响更为显著,任务压力和认知评估均对外部环境与个人情绪之间的影响关系具有中介作用。在外部环境方面,缓和的车内氛围对于避免乘客过激情绪的产生具有重要作用;在任务压力方面,充足的行程时间能够抑制乘客消极情绪的产生;在认知评估方面,加强对乘客的安全知识教育,有利于提高乘客的安全认知,使其保持情绪的稳定性。
In order to improve the safety level of bus operation,this paper studies the influencing factors of bus passengers' emotional state under their own mistakes.The paper puts forward the hypothetical relationships between external environment,task pressure,cognitive assessment and personal emotion.Based on the relationships,the paper conducts a questionnaire survey for bus passengers and establishes a structural equation model of emotional state of bus passengers under self-mistake conditions.Through factor analysis and path analysis,the paper verifies whether the hypothesis is established or not.The results show that the moderate external environment,mitigating task pressure and positive cognitive assessment can effectively stabilize the personal emotion of bus passengers after the occurrence of mistakes.The direct impact of cognitive assessment on personal emotion is more significant.Task pressure and cognitive assessment has a mediating effect on the relationship between the external environment and personal emotion.In terms of external environment,the tempered interior atmosphere plays an important role in avoiding the excessive emotion of passengers;in terms of task pressure,sufficient travel time can suppress the negative emotions of passengers;in the aspect of cognitive assessment,strengthening the safety knowledge education for passengers is conducive to improving the safety awareness of passengers and keeping their emotion stable.
In order to improve the safety level of bus operation,this paper studies the influencing factors of bus passengers' emotional state under their own mistakes.The paper puts forward the hypothetical relationships between external environment,task pressure,cognitive assessment and personal emotion.Based on the relationships,the paper conducts a questionnaire survey for bus passengers and establishes a structural equation model of emotional state of bus passengers under self-mistake conditions.Through factor analysis and path analysis,the paper verifies whether the hypothesis is established or not.The results show that the moderate external environment,mitigating task pressure and positive cognitive assessment can effectively stabilize the personal emotion of bus passengers after the occurrence of mistakes.The direct impact of cognitive assessment on personal emotion is more significant.Task pressure and cognitive assessment has a mediating effect on the relationship between the external environment and personal emotion.In terms of external environment,the tempered interior atmosphere plays an important role in avoiding the excessive emotion of passengers;in terms of task pressure,sufficient travel time can suppress the negative emotions of passengers;in the aspect of cognitive assessment,strengthening the safety knowledge education for passengers is conducive to improving the safety awareness of passengers and keeping their emotion stable.
引文
[1]交通运输部综合规划司.2017年交通运输行业发展统计公报[R].北京:交通运输部综合规划司,2018.
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[4]Yazdanpanah M,Hosseinlou M H.The influence of personality traits on airport public transport access mode choice:A hybrid latent class choice modeling approach[J].Journal of Air Transport Management,2016,55:147-163.
[5]Chang Y H,Liao M Y.The effect of aviation safety education on passenger cabin safety awareness[J].Safety Science,2009,47(10):1337-1345.
[6]Moon H,Yoon H J,Han H.Role of airport physical environments in the satisfaction generation process:Mediating the impact of traveller emotion[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,2015,21(2):1-19.
[7]Brunner S A,Peters M,Strobl A.It is all about the emotional state:Managing tourists’experiences[J].International Journal of Hospitality Management,2012,31(1):23-30.
[8]范春梅,李华强,贾建民.基于体验管理视角的高速列车乘客体验与再乘意愿研究[J].管理评论,2016,28(10):133-140.
[9]钟茂华,田向亮,刘畅,等.基于结构方程模型的地铁乘客安全行为影响因素分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2018,14(1):5-11.
[10]李晨麟.情绪效价与情绪智力对出行方式选择的态度与行为的影响[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2017.
[11]王浩伦,朱业安,彭理群,等.汽车驾驶人的情绪诱发与识别研究综述[J].交通信息与安全,2018,36(4):1-6,50.
[12]林庆丰,邓院昌,张圆,等.公交驾驶员驾驶愤怒量表的编制及初步应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(6):49-54.
[13]孙世超,杨东援.基于RFM模型的通勤人群公交忠诚度研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2015,15(4):216-221.
[14]任恒宽.城市居民交通拥堵心理成本测算方法分析[D].北京:北京交通大学,2010.
[15]多琦.突发危机情境下群体认知和从众的实验研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2015.
[16]Carrion C,Levionson D.Valuation of travel time reliability from a GPS-based experimental design[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2013,35(9):305-323.
[17]Starcke K,Wolf O T,Markowitsch H J,et al.Anticipatory stress influences decision making under explicit risk conditions[J].Behavioral Neuroscience,2008,122(6):1352.
[18]Byung C M,Soon C C,Park S J,et al.Autonomic responses of young passengers contingent to the speed and driving mode of a vehicle[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2002,29(4):187-198.
[19]Sergop C,Luis F R,Luis A C,et al.A computational model of emotion assessment influenced by cognition in autonomous agents[J].Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures,2018(25):26-36.
[20]Arnold M.Emotion and Personality[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1960.
[21]Zhang L B,Kang J,Luo H B,et al.Drivers’physiological response and emotional evaluation in the noisy environment of the control cabin of a shield tunneling machine[J].Applied Acoustics,2018,138:1-8.
[22]Hatfield E,Cacioppo J T,Rapson R L.Emotional contagion[J].Current Directions in Psychological Science,2010,2(3):96-100.
[23]庞瑜,罗品超,郑希付.积极共情与消极共情在不同竞争强度情景中的差异研究[C]//第二十一届全国心理学学术会议论文集.北京:中国心理学会,2018:715-717.
[24]Bracco F,Gianatti R,Pisano L.Cognitive resilience in emergency room operations,a theoretical framework[C]//Proceedings of the Third on Resilience Engineering Symposium.Paris,France:Ecole des Mines de Paris,2008.
[25]Ordonez L D,Benson L,Beach L R.Testing the compatibility test:How instructions,accountability and anticipated regret affect prochoice screening of options[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1999(78):63-80.
[26]Thomas R W,Esper T L,Stank T P.Testing the negative effects of time pressure in retail supply chain relationships[J].Journal of Retailing,2010,86(4):386-400.
[27]郭思.情绪应对,角色压力,控制感与工作倦怠的关系研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[28]Tomaka J,Blascovich J,Kibler J,et al.Cognitive and physiological antecedents of threat and challenge appraisal[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1997,73(1):63-72.
[29]Gandit M,Kouabenan D R,Caroly S.Road-tunnel fires:Risk perception and management strategies among users[J].Safety Science,2009,47(1):105-114.
[30]Darja K G.Interactions between human behaviour and the built environment in terms of facility management[J].Facilities,2018(36):2-12.
[31]Amanda G,Michael J E,Tara S P.Developmental expression of anxiety and depressive behaviours after prenatal predator exposure and early life homecage enhancement[J].Behavioural Brain Research,2018(346):122-136.
[32]Paille P.Perceived stressful work,citizenship behavior and intention to leave the organization in a high turnover environment:Examining the mediating role of job satisfaction[J].Journal of Management Research,2011(3):1-16.
[33]Chen Y T,Brenda M C,Douglas H.Impact of individual resilience and safety climate on safety performance and psychological stress of construction workers:A case study of the Ontario construction industry[J].Journal of Safety Research,2017(61):167-176.
[34]Inmaculada S,Nuria G.Psychological safety climate and professional drivers’well-being:The mediating role of time pressure[J].Transportation Research Part F:Psychology and Behaviour,2018(53):84-92.
[35]张文博.基于车内环境复杂度的公交乘客心理行程时间研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2018.
[36]Mackie P J,Jara D S,Fowkes A S.The value of travel time savings in evaluation[J].Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review,2001,37(2):91-106.
[37]Bhavana P,Alex A,Yashwardhan P,et al.Impact of safety climate on hazard recognition and safety risk perception[J].Safety Science,2019(113):44-53.
[38]Major B,Richards C,Cooper M L,et al.Personal resilience,cognitive appraisals,and coping:An integrative model of adjustment to abortion[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1998,74(3):735.
[39]Folkman S,Lazarua R S,Gruen R J,et al.Appraisal,coping,health status,and psychological symptoms[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,50(3):571-579.
[40]Sharon Y L,Crystal L P,Beth S R.Does distress tolerance interact with trait anxiety to predict challenge or threat appraisals?[J].Personality and Individual Differences,2018(132):14-19.
[41]华诗雨.不同认知条件下旅客出行方式选择行为研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016.
[42]Dreu C K W,Nijstad B A,Van K D.Motivated information processing in group judgement and decision making[J].Personality&Social Psychology Review,2008,12(1):22-49.
[43]吴明隆.结构方程模型---AMOS的操作与应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2009:37-71.
[44]程开明.结构方程模型的特点及应用[J].统计与决策,2006(10):22-25.
[45]方杰,温忠麟,张敏强,等.基于结构方程模型的多重中介效应分析[J].心理科学,2014,37(3):735-741.
[46]史晨军,邓院昌,林庆丰,等.基于扩展计划行为理论的驾驶员疲劳驾驶行为心理影响因素分析[J].安全与环境工程,2018,25(6):94-99.
[47]王永刚,杨洁.民航机务人员自我效能感与不安全行为关系研究[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(5):123-127.
[2]van Hagen M,Galetaka M,Pruyn A.Perception and evaluation of waiting time at stations of Netherlands Railways(NS)[C]//Proceedings of the European Transport Conference.Washington D C:TRID,2007.
[3]Watkins K E,Ferris B,Borning A,et al.Where is my bus?Impact of mobile real-time information on the perceived and actual wait time of transit riders[J].Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,2011,45(8):839-848.
[4]Yazdanpanah M,Hosseinlou M H.The influence of personality traits on airport public transport access mode choice:A hybrid latent class choice modeling approach[J].Journal of Air Transport Management,2016,55:147-163.
[5]Chang Y H,Liao M Y.The effect of aviation safety education on passenger cabin safety awareness[J].Safety Science,2009,47(10):1337-1345.
[6]Moon H,Yoon H J,Han H.Role of airport physical environments in the satisfaction generation process:Mediating the impact of traveller emotion[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,2015,21(2):1-19.
[7]Brunner S A,Peters M,Strobl A.It is all about the emotional state:Managing tourists’experiences[J].International Journal of Hospitality Management,2012,31(1):23-30.
[8]范春梅,李华强,贾建民.基于体验管理视角的高速列车乘客体验与再乘意愿研究[J].管理评论,2016,28(10):133-140.
[9]钟茂华,田向亮,刘畅,等.基于结构方程模型的地铁乘客安全行为影响因素分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2018,14(1):5-11.
[10]李晨麟.情绪效价与情绪智力对出行方式选择的态度与行为的影响[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2017.
[11]王浩伦,朱业安,彭理群,等.汽车驾驶人的情绪诱发与识别研究综述[J].交通信息与安全,2018,36(4):1-6,50.
[12]林庆丰,邓院昌,张圆,等.公交驾驶员驾驶愤怒量表的编制及初步应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(6):49-54.
[13]孙世超,杨东援.基于RFM模型的通勤人群公交忠诚度研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2015,15(4):216-221.
[14]任恒宽.城市居民交通拥堵心理成本测算方法分析[D].北京:北京交通大学,2010.
[15]多琦.突发危机情境下群体认知和从众的实验研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2015.
[16]Carrion C,Levionson D.Valuation of travel time reliability from a GPS-based experimental design[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2013,35(9):305-323.
[17]Starcke K,Wolf O T,Markowitsch H J,et al.Anticipatory stress influences decision making under explicit risk conditions[J].Behavioral Neuroscience,2008,122(6):1352.
[18]Byung C M,Soon C C,Park S J,et al.Autonomic responses of young passengers contingent to the speed and driving mode of a vehicle[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2002,29(4):187-198.
[19]Sergop C,Luis F R,Luis A C,et al.A computational model of emotion assessment influenced by cognition in autonomous agents[J].Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures,2018(25):26-36.
[20]Arnold M.Emotion and Personality[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1960.
[21]Zhang L B,Kang J,Luo H B,et al.Drivers’physiological response and emotional evaluation in the noisy environment of the control cabin of a shield tunneling machine[J].Applied Acoustics,2018,138:1-8.
[22]Hatfield E,Cacioppo J T,Rapson R L.Emotional contagion[J].Current Directions in Psychological Science,2010,2(3):96-100.
[23]庞瑜,罗品超,郑希付.积极共情与消极共情在不同竞争强度情景中的差异研究[C]//第二十一届全国心理学学术会议论文集.北京:中国心理学会,2018:715-717.
[24]Bracco F,Gianatti R,Pisano L.Cognitive resilience in emergency room operations,a theoretical framework[C]//Proceedings of the Third on Resilience Engineering Symposium.Paris,France:Ecole des Mines de Paris,2008.
[25]Ordonez L D,Benson L,Beach L R.Testing the compatibility test:How instructions,accountability and anticipated regret affect prochoice screening of options[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1999(78):63-80.
[26]Thomas R W,Esper T L,Stank T P.Testing the negative effects of time pressure in retail supply chain relationships[J].Journal of Retailing,2010,86(4):386-400.
[27]郭思.情绪应对,角色压力,控制感与工作倦怠的关系研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[28]Tomaka J,Blascovich J,Kibler J,et al.Cognitive and physiological antecedents of threat and challenge appraisal[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1997,73(1):63-72.
[29]Gandit M,Kouabenan D R,Caroly S.Road-tunnel fires:Risk perception and management strategies among users[J].Safety Science,2009,47(1):105-114.
[30]Darja K G.Interactions between human behaviour and the built environment in terms of facility management[J].Facilities,2018(36):2-12.
[31]Amanda G,Michael J E,Tara S P.Developmental expression of anxiety and depressive behaviours after prenatal predator exposure and early life homecage enhancement[J].Behavioural Brain Research,2018(346):122-136.
[32]Paille P.Perceived stressful work,citizenship behavior and intention to leave the organization in a high turnover environment:Examining the mediating role of job satisfaction[J].Journal of Management Research,2011(3):1-16.
[33]Chen Y T,Brenda M C,Douglas H.Impact of individual resilience and safety climate on safety performance and psychological stress of construction workers:A case study of the Ontario construction industry[J].Journal of Safety Research,2017(61):167-176.
[34]Inmaculada S,Nuria G.Psychological safety climate and professional drivers’well-being:The mediating role of time pressure[J].Transportation Research Part F:Psychology and Behaviour,2018(53):84-92.
[35]张文博.基于车内环境复杂度的公交乘客心理行程时间研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2018.
[36]Mackie P J,Jara D S,Fowkes A S.The value of travel time savings in evaluation[J].Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review,2001,37(2):91-106.
[37]Bhavana P,Alex A,Yashwardhan P,et al.Impact of safety climate on hazard recognition and safety risk perception[J].Safety Science,2019(113):44-53.
[38]Major B,Richards C,Cooper M L,et al.Personal resilience,cognitive appraisals,and coping:An integrative model of adjustment to abortion[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1998,74(3):735.
[39]Folkman S,Lazarua R S,Gruen R J,et al.Appraisal,coping,health status,and psychological symptoms[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,50(3):571-579.
[40]Sharon Y L,Crystal L P,Beth S R.Does distress tolerance interact with trait anxiety to predict challenge or threat appraisals?[J].Personality and Individual Differences,2018(132):14-19.
[41]华诗雨.不同认知条件下旅客出行方式选择行为研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016.
[42]Dreu C K W,Nijstad B A,Van K D.Motivated information processing in group judgement and decision making[J].Personality&Social Psychology Review,2008,12(1):22-49.
[43]吴明隆.结构方程模型---AMOS的操作与应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2009:37-71.
[44]程开明.结构方程模型的特点及应用[J].统计与决策,2006(10):22-25.
[45]方杰,温忠麟,张敏强,等.基于结构方程模型的多重中介效应分析[J].心理科学,2014,37(3):735-741.
[46]史晨军,邓院昌,林庆丰,等.基于扩展计划行为理论的驾驶员疲劳驾驶行为心理影响因素分析[J].安全与环境工程,2018,25(6):94-99.
[47]王永刚,杨洁.民航机务人员自我效能感与不安全行为关系研究[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(5):123-127.