基于微震监测技术的岩爆预警研究
|
摘要
目的通过微震监测系统(MMS)对锦屏二级水电站施工排水洞进行微震监测,对比分析"11·28"极强岩爆灾害实际情况与微震监测结果,探讨岩爆发生的前兆特征及预警预报方法.方法首先对监测隧洞复杂条件下进行微震系统构建,然后进行数据采集、信号过滤与分析,总结微震事件多种指标演化规律.结果提出"多指标、多步骤"综合评价强岩爆、极强岩爆微震预警机制:第一步,确定有效数据,事件数10次/d,能量0.1 k J/次、位置距离临空面小于10 m;第二步,事件聚集度;第三步,突增事件,超过50次/d,能量超过10 k J/次、累积能量超过100 k J/次,是极强岩爆前兆.结论发生强、极强岩爆前具有明显微破裂前兆特征,微震事件空间分布规律由无序、随机分散向有序、集中自组织演变;有效微震事件数目、集中程度、单个事件能量大小及其累计能量释放速率等多个指标是强、极强岩爆预警机制的重要依据.
It aims to explore the precursory characteristics and early warning method of rockburst,the microseismic monitoring system MMS was used to monitoring the construction drainage tunnel in Jinping Ⅱ hydropower station,by comparing the"11·28"strong rockburst disaster situation and microseismic monitoring results. First,microseismic monitoring system is set up under complexconditions of construction drainage tunnel,then data acquisition and signal filtering and analysis are carried out,the various indicators of microseismic events are summarized. The results showthat "multi-index and multi-steps comprehensive evaluation" is presented as early warning mechanism of strong rockburst and pole-strength rockburst. First step,effective datas are determined which number of events are more than 10 times/d,and energy is more than 0. 1 k J/time,and events distances is less than 10 m from free surface. Second step,event aggregation degree is observed. Third step,when events suddenly increase,the precursor of strong rockburst is judged by the fact which number of events are more than 50 times/d,energy is more than 10 k J/time,and accumulative energy is more than 100 k J/time. The following conclusions are obtained: a lot of obvious micro-rupture precursors arise before rockburst. Spatial distribution lawof microseismic events is subjected from disorder,random distribution to the regional distribution with the increase of microseismic events,and from disorder to order dispersion concentration of self-organization evolution. The analysis of a number of quantitative indicators is adopted according to the number of microseismic events every day,spatial distance away from excavating face,concentration degree,energy released even in per unit time,accumulative energy release rate. Where the basis for the prediction of strong or pole-strong rockburst is provided.
It aims to explore the precursory characteristics and early warning method of rockburst,the microseismic monitoring system MMS was used to monitoring the construction drainage tunnel in Jinping Ⅱ hydropower station,by comparing the"11·28"strong rockburst disaster situation and microseismic monitoring results. First,microseismic monitoring system is set up under complexconditions of construction drainage tunnel,then data acquisition and signal filtering and analysis are carried out,the various indicators of microseismic events are summarized. The results showthat "multi-index and multi-steps comprehensive evaluation" is presented as early warning mechanism of strong rockburst and pole-strength rockburst. First step,effective datas are determined which number of events are more than 10 times/d,and energy is more than 0. 1 k J/time,and events distances is less than 10 m from free surface. Second step,event aggregation degree is observed. Third step,when events suddenly increase,the precursor of strong rockburst is judged by the fact which number of events are more than 50 times/d,energy is more than 10 k J/time,and accumulative energy is more than 100 k J/time. The following conclusions are obtained: a lot of obvious micro-rupture precursors arise before rockburst. Spatial distribution lawof microseismic events is subjected from disorder,random distribution to the regional distribution with the increase of microseismic events,and from disorder to order dispersion concentration of self-organization evolution. The analysis of a number of quantitative indicators is adopted according to the number of microseismic events every day,spatial distance away from excavating face,concentration degree,energy released even in per unit time,accumulative energy release rate. Where the basis for the prediction of strong or pole-strong rockburst is provided.
引文
[1]唐春安.深埋地下工程岩爆灾害机制及其预警方法研究[C]//第一届中俄矿山深部开采岩石动力学高层论坛论文集.[出版地不详]:[出版者不详],2011.(TANG Chun'an.Research on rockbursts mechanics and early w arning methods in deep buried underground engineering[C]//The First High-level Forum on Rock Dynamic M echanics during Deep Caving in M ine betw een China and Russia.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2011.)
[2]DOU L,CHEN T,GONG S,et al.Rockburst hazard determination by using computed tomography technology in deep w orkface[J].Safety science,2012,50(4):736-740.
[3]李世愚,和雪松,张少泉,等.矿山地震监测技术的进展及最新成果[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):853-859.(LI Shiyu,HE Xuesong,ZHANG Shaoquan,et al.Development and recent achievement of mining shock observation[J].Progress in geophysics,2004,19(4):853-859.)
[4]JENKINS F M,WILLIAMS T J,WIDEMAN C J.Rock burst mechanism studies at the Lucky Friday M ine[C]//Proceddings of the 31st U.S.Symp.Rock M echanics.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990.
[5]樊栓保.国内外煤与瓦斯突出预测的新方法[J].矿业安全与环保,2000,27(5):17-19.(FAN Shuanbao.New method of coal and gas outburst prediction at home and abroad[J].M ining safety and environmental protection,2000,27(5):17-19.)
[6]POTVIN Y,HUDYMA M R.Seismic monitoring in highly mechanized hard rock mines in Canada and Australia[C]//Rock Burst and Seismicity in M ines.Johannesburg:SAIM M,2001.
[7]MORRISON D M,MACDONALD P.Rockbursts at Inco mines[C]//Fairhursted.Rock Burst and Seismicity in M ines.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990.
[8]GREEN R W E.Instrumentation networks for observation of mine~induced seismicity[C]//Rockburst and Seismicity in M ines.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990.
[9]唐春安,王继敏.岩爆及其微震监测预报:可行性与初步实践[J].岩石力学与工程动态,2010,89(1):43-55.(TANG Chun'an,WANG Jimin.Rock and seismic monitoring and prediction:the feasibility and the preliminary practice[J].Rock mechanics and engineering new s,2010,89(1):43-55.)
[10]唐春安.岩石的破裂、失稳及岩爆[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2004.(TANG Chun'an.Fracture,instability and rockburst of rocks[M].Nanjing:Hohai University Press,2004.)
[11]李庶林,尹贤刚,郑文达,等.凡口铅锌矿多通道微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2048-2053.(LI Shulin,YIN Xiangang,ZHENG Wenda,et al.Research of multi-channel microseismic monitoring system and its application to Fankou lead-zinc mine[J].Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering,2005,24(12):2048-2053.)
[12]姜福兴,叶根喜,王存文,等.高精度微震监测技术在煤矿突水监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1932-1937.(JIANG Fuxing,YE Genxi,WANG Cunwen,et al.Application of high-precision microseismic monitoring technique to w ater inrush monitoring in coal mine[J].Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering,2008,27(9):1932-1937.)
[13]姜福兴,苗小虎,王存文,等.构造控制型冲击地压的微地震监测预警研究与实践[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(6):900-903.(JIANG Fuxing,MIAO Xiaohu,WANG Cunw en,et al.Predicting research and practice of tectonic controlled coal burst by micro-seismic monitoring[J].Journal of China coal society,2010,35(6):900-903.)
[14]冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:即时型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):433-444.(FENG Xiating,CHEN Bingrui,MING Huajun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rock bursts in deep tunnels:immediate rock burst[J].Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering,2012,31(3):433-444.)
[15]杨承祥,罗周全,唐礼忠.基于微震监测技术的深井开采地压活动规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):818-824.(YANG Chengxiang,LUO Zhouquan,TANG Lizhong.Study on rule of geostatic activity based on micro-seismic monitoring technique in deep mining[J].Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering,2007,26(4):818-824.)
[16]雷文杰,王洪栋.砂岩单轴压缩微震响应小波包能谱特征[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(5):1111-1115.(LEI Wenjie,WANG Hongdong.Characteristics w avelet packet energy spectrum on microseismic activities of sandstone samples under uni-axial compressive tests[J].Chinese journal of underground space and engineering,2015,11(5):1111-1115.)
[17]BROWN E T.Rock burst:prediction and control,tunnels and tunneling[M].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1984.
[18]HOEK E,BROWN E T.Underground excavations in rock[M].London:The Institution of M ining and M etallurgy,1980.
[2]DOU L,CHEN T,GONG S,et al.Rockburst hazard determination by using computed tomography technology in deep w orkface[J].Safety science,2012,50(4):736-740.
[3]李世愚,和雪松,张少泉,等.矿山地震监测技术的进展及最新成果[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):853-859.(LI Shiyu,HE Xuesong,ZHANG Shaoquan,et al.Development and recent achievement of mining shock observation[J].Progress in geophysics,2004,19(4):853-859.)
[4]JENKINS F M,WILLIAMS T J,WIDEMAN C J.Rock burst mechanism studies at the Lucky Friday M ine[C]//Proceddings of the 31st U.S.Symp.Rock M echanics.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990.
[5]樊栓保.国内外煤与瓦斯突出预测的新方法[J].矿业安全与环保,2000,27(5):17-19.(FAN Shuanbao.New method of coal and gas outburst prediction at home and abroad[J].M ining safety and environmental protection,2000,27(5):17-19.)
[6]POTVIN Y,HUDYMA M R.Seismic monitoring in highly mechanized hard rock mines in Canada and Australia[C]//Rock Burst and Seismicity in M ines.Johannesburg:SAIM M,2001.
[7]MORRISON D M,MACDONALD P.Rockbursts at Inco mines[C]//Fairhursted.Rock Burst and Seismicity in M ines.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990.
[8]GREEN R W E.Instrumentation networks for observation of mine~induced seismicity[C]//Rockburst and Seismicity in M ines.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990.
[9]唐春安,王继敏.岩爆及其微震监测预报:可行性与初步实践[J].岩石力学与工程动态,2010,89(1):43-55.(TANG Chun'an,WANG Jimin.Rock and seismic monitoring and prediction:the feasibility and the preliminary practice[J].Rock mechanics and engineering new s,2010,89(1):43-55.)
[10]唐春安.岩石的破裂、失稳及岩爆[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2004.(TANG Chun'an.Fracture,instability and rockburst of rocks[M].Nanjing:Hohai University Press,2004.)
[11]李庶林,尹贤刚,郑文达,等.凡口铅锌矿多通道微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2048-2053.(LI Shulin,YIN Xiangang,ZHENG Wenda,et al.Research of multi-channel microseismic monitoring system and its application to Fankou lead-zinc mine[J].Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering,2005,24(12):2048-2053.)
[12]姜福兴,叶根喜,王存文,等.高精度微震监测技术在煤矿突水监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1932-1937.(JIANG Fuxing,YE Genxi,WANG Cunwen,et al.Application of high-precision microseismic monitoring technique to w ater inrush monitoring in coal mine[J].Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering,2008,27(9):1932-1937.)
[13]姜福兴,苗小虎,王存文,等.构造控制型冲击地压的微地震监测预警研究与实践[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(6):900-903.(JIANG Fuxing,MIAO Xiaohu,WANG Cunw en,et al.Predicting research and practice of tectonic controlled coal burst by micro-seismic monitoring[J].Journal of China coal society,2010,35(6):900-903.)
[14]冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:即时型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):433-444.(FENG Xiating,CHEN Bingrui,MING Huajun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rock bursts in deep tunnels:immediate rock burst[J].Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering,2012,31(3):433-444.)
[15]杨承祥,罗周全,唐礼忠.基于微震监测技术的深井开采地压活动规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):818-824.(YANG Chengxiang,LUO Zhouquan,TANG Lizhong.Study on rule of geostatic activity based on micro-seismic monitoring technique in deep mining[J].Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering,2007,26(4):818-824.)
[16]雷文杰,王洪栋.砂岩单轴压缩微震响应小波包能谱特征[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(5):1111-1115.(LEI Wenjie,WANG Hongdong.Characteristics w avelet packet energy spectrum on microseismic activities of sandstone samples under uni-axial compressive tests[J].Chinese journal of underground space and engineering,2015,11(5):1111-1115.)
[17]BROWN E T.Rock burst:prediction and control,tunnels and tunneling[M].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1984.
[18]HOEK E,BROWN E T.Underground excavations in rock[M].London:The Institution of M ining and M etallurgy,1980.